To the clinic of epidemic hiccups

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-807
Author(s):  
R. A. Luria
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Nerves

In wide medical circles, persistent hiccups, singultus are viewed either as a highly serious symptom of a severe disease of the abdominal organs or the central nervous system, or as an accidental reflex to the motor nerves of the diaphragm that is not of great importance for patients and the muscles of the chest and abdomen.

scholarly journals Muscle receptor organs in the Paguridae

1952 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Alexandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Dorsal Wall ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Distal Process ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Receptor Organ ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Nerves

In the dorsal wall of the abdomen in the Paguridae muscle receptor organs have been found similar to those in the Macrura. In each of the first to fifth abdominal segments there are two receptor units on each side. A receptor unit consists of a long thread-like muscle, and a nerve cell connected with this muscle and sending its axon towards the central nervous system. The muscles of each pair run close together in the layer of the dorsal (extensor) muscles, but are independent from the latter following a more or less different course.The nerve cells in each pair of muscle receptor organs are of two types. One of them has several very long distal processes expanding over one of the muscles. The other cell has one stout distal process giving off numerous but very short branches forming with their subdivisions a dense tuft of fibres terminating in the second muscle. The axons of the cells associate with one of the branches of motor nerves supplying the dorsal muscles and pass along these branches into the main nerve trunks of the respective segments.Each receptor organ is supplied by several nerve fibres coming from the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Receptor elements in the coxal region of Decapoda Crustacea

1957 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Alexandrowicz ◽  
Mary Whitear
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Decapod Crustacea ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Receptor Muscle

In the 4th to 8th thoracic segments of decapod Crustacea, at the bases of the peraeopods, sensory organs of various kinds have been found. They have been observed in Homarus vulgaris, Astacus astacus, Palinurus vulgaris, Eupagurusbemhardus, Carcinus maenas, Maia squinadoand described in greater detail for Homarus, Carcinus and Maia.In all species examined there is in each peraeopod a proprioceptor consisting of a thin muscle with various nerve elements which extends from a point of the endophragmal skeleton situated near the ventral ganglia to the anteroventral part of the coxa. In the 4th to 7th thoracic segments of Homarus, in the 4th to 8th of Palinurus and Astacus, and in the 4th of the Brachyura, the receptor muscle is proximally attached to the tip of a chitinous projection of the endophragmal skeleton for which the term ‘receptor rod’ is proposed. In other instances it originates on the plate of the endosternite.The nerve components of this ‘muscular receptor’ are of two sorts: (1) motor nerves spreading their branches over the whole length of the muscle, and (2) processes of the sensory neurons distributing their ramifications on the connective tissue associated with the muscle at its proximal end. The arrangement of the sensory elements is different in various species, but they all exhibit one feature, unusual in invertebrates, viz. their cell-bodies are situated within the central nervous system and not outside it.

Neuromuscular Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 185-212
Author(s):  
Mark B. Bromberg ◽  
Douglas J. Gelb
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Structural Lesion ◽  
Single Lesion

Unlike the central nervous system, where a single structural lesion may produce widespread effects because of disruption of ascending and descending fiber tracts, a single structural lesion in the peripheral nervous system produces symptoms in a narrowly localized region, often in a single limb. Many diseases affect the peripheral nervous system diffusely, however, and can’t be localized to a single lesion site. The autonomic, somatic sensory and somatic motor nerves are physically intermingled at some levels of the nervous system and separated at others, but it is useful to conceptualize them as distinct path- ways. Each can be associated with a variety of symptoms.

Primary Human Herpesvirus-6 Infection in the Central Nervous System Can Cause Severe Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mannonen ◽  
Eila Herrgård ◽  
Pekka Valmari ◽  
Paula Rautiainen ◽  
Kari Uotila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Herpesvirus 6

scholarly journals Harriet С. В. Alexander. —Abuse of bromides. —The Alienist and Neurologist, 1896, № 3

2020 ◽  
Vol V (1) ◽  
pp. 178-179
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Grand Mal ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The author has collected important observations concerning the side effects of bromide drugs used in large doses. Most often, the skin (dermatoses) is affected, then the organ of vision (conjunctivitis, amblyopia, myopia, diplopia, etc.), the bladder, abdominal organs and, finally, the central nervous system. The author cites from his own practice 8 cases of epilepsy (grand mal et petit mal), treated with bromide preparations, mainly potassium bromide, in doses equal to 12 grm. pro die.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid challenges for the diagnosis of herpes simplex infection in the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samya Jezine DA SILVA ◽  
Mauro Jorge CABRAL-CASTRO ◽  
Maria Angélica GUIMARÃES ◽  
José Mauro PERALTA ◽  
Marzia PUCCIONI-SOHLER
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Simplex Infection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus

Abstract Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a cause of a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. The demonstration of specific antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may contribute to the retrospective neurological diagnosis. However, the commercial immunological tests for HSV infection are for use in serum samples. Objective: The aim of the present study was to adapt a commercial kit anti-HSV IgG used for serum samples to be performed with a CSF sample. Methods: Forty CSF specimens from 38 patients with suspected CNS HSV infection were serially diluted for detecting anti-HSV IgG by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The same samples were also analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The sensitivity of EIA test for HSV was 5% (dilution 1:40) and 65% (dilution 1:2) in CSF, and HSV DNA PCR was 15%. The combined analysis of EIA (dilution 1:2) and PCR increased the sensitivity up to 72.5%. The inflammatory CSF was associated with positive HSV PCR. Conclusions: We demonstrated the importance to adapt serological anti-HSV IgG EIA test for CSF assays to increase the accuracy of the analysis, considering the low concentration of specific antibodies in CSF.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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