African migrants plight in China: Afrophobia impedes China's race for Africa's resources and markets

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ : Discrimination against the approximately 500,000 African (mostly irregular) immigrants has recently spread in China. During the corona pandemic, it degenerates into a true Afrophobia. Shortly before, five Nigerians in Guangzhou had reportedly tested positive for Covid-19. Africans are widely accused as drug traffickers and criminals. Also, they would endanger China's global competitiveness for Africa's resources through media baiting abroad. Current reports testify the displacement of African migrants from homes and hotels in Guangzhou (Canton), where most of the Africans live. They are dependent on informal, mostly illegal networks in order to be able to stay in the country. In online social networks Afrophobia as cyber racism is particularly pronounced. Thereby, racism is more deeply rooted in the mentality of many Chinese than is commonly assumed. According to a traditional Chinese proverb, the greatest evil to be avoided is ‘the destroyed nation and the annihilated race’. In addition, since 2005 land-grabbing by Chinese entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa arose international attention. Its main purpose is to ensure food security in China and to profit from international grain speculation. It was racially legitimized from the start, with slogans such as, only Chinese investments could save Africans from their traditional ‘laziness’. This repeats deeply rooted neo-colonial European prejudices of a ‘wild, ahistoric and uncivilized Africa’. The prejudices are still associated with a feeling of racial superiority. The social fabric of China has always embodied essential characteristics of the exclusion of ‘foreigners’, focused on ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation and gender. The African Union, various African governments and even the United States have sharply criticized Beijing for mistreating migrants, particularly those from Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. Racist attacks on Africans in China have an oppressively long tradition, associated with the expansion of bilateral Chinese petty trade in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 2000s and the subsequent influx of African petty traders into China. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : La discrimination à l'encontre des quelque 500 000 immigrés africains (pour la plupart irréguliers) s'est récemment répandue en Chine. Pendant la pandémie de corona, cela dégénère en une véritable afrophobie. Peu de temps auparavant, cinq Nigérians de Guangzhou auraient été testés positifs pour Covid-19. Les Africains sont largement accusés d'être des trafiquants de drogue et des criminels. En outre, ils mettraient en danger la compétitivité mondiale de la Chine pour les ressources de l'Afrique par le biais du dénigrement médiatiques à l'étranger. Les rapports actuels témoignent du déplacement des migrants africains des maisons et des hôtels de Guangzhou (Canton), où vivent la plupart des Africains. Ils dépendent de réseaux informels, pour la plupart illégaux, pour pouvoir rester dans le pays. Dans les réseaux sociaux en ligne, l'afrophobie et le cyber-racisme sont particulièrement prononcés. Ainsi, le racisme est plus profondément enraciné dans la mentalité de nombreux Chinois qu'on ne le pense généralement. Selon un proverbe chinois traditionnel, le plus grand mal à éviter est « la nation détruite et la race anéantie ». En outre, depuis 2005, l'accaparement des terres par des entrepreneurs chinois en Afrique subsaharienne a attiré l'attention de la communauté internationale. Son objectif principal est d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire en Chine et de profiter de la spéculation céréalière internationale. Il a été légitimé racialement dès le départ, avec des slogans tels que, seuls les investissements chinois pouvaient sauver les Africains de leur « paresse » traditionnelle.

Le sort des migrants africains en Chine : L' afrophobie entrave la course de la Chine pour les ressources et les marchés de l'Afrique

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ : Discrimination against the approximately 500,000 African (mostly irregular) immigrants has recently spread in China. During the corona pandemic, it degenerates into a true Afrophobia. Shortly before, five Nigerians in Guangzhou had reportedly tested positive for Covid-19. Africans are widely accused as drug traffickers and criminals. Also, they would endanger China's global competitiveness for Africa's resources through media baiting abroad. Current reports testify the displacement of African migrants from homes and hotels in Guangzhou (Canton), where most of the Africans live. They are dependent on informal, mostly illegal networks in order to be able to stay in the country. In online social networks Afrophobia as cyber racism is particularly pronounced. Thereby, racism is more deeply rooted in the mentality of many Chinese than is commonly assumed. According to a traditional Chinese proverb, the greatest evil to be avoided is ‘the destroyed nation and the annihilated race’. In addition, since 2005 land-grabbing by Chinese entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa arose international attention. Its main purpose is to ensure food security in China and to profit from international grain speculation. It was racially legitimized from the start, with slogans such as, only Chinese investments could save Africans from their traditional ‘laziness’. This repeats deeply rooted neo-colonial European prejudices of a ‘wild, ahistoric and uncivilized Africa’. The prejudices are still associated with a feeling of racial superiority. The social fabric of China has always embodied essential characteristics of the exclusion of ‘foreigners’, focused on ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation and gender. The African Union, various African governments and even the United States have sharply criticized Beijing for mistreating migrants, particularly those from Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya and Uganda. Racist attacks on Africans in China have an oppressively long tradition, associated with the expansion of bilateral Chinese petty trade in sub-Saharan Africa in the early 2000s and the subsequent influx of African petty traders into China. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RÉSUMÉ : La discrimination à l'encontre des quelque 500 000 immigrés africains (pour la plupart irréguliers) s'est récemment répandue en Chine. Pendant la pandémie de corona, cela dégénère en une véritable afrophobie. Peu de temps auparavant, cinq Nigérians de Guangzhou auraient été testés positifs pour Covid-19. Les Africains sont largement accusés d'être des trafiquants de drogue et des criminels. En outre, ils mettraient en danger la compétitivité mondiale de la Chine pour les ressources de l'Afrique par le biais du dénigrement médiatiques à l'étranger. Les rapports actuels témoignent du déplacement des migrants africains des maisons et des hôtels de Guangzhou (Canton), où vivent la plupart des Africains. Ils dépendent de réseaux informels, pour la plupart illégaux, pour pouvoir rester dans le pays. Dans les réseaux sociaux en ligne, l'afrophobie et le cyber-racisme sont particulièrement prononcés. Ainsi, le racisme est plus profondément enraciné dans la mentalité de nombreux Chinois qu'on ne le pense généralement. Selon un proverbe chinois traditionnel, le plus grand mal à éviter est « la nation détruite et la race anéantie ». En outre, depuis 2005, l'accaparement des terres par des entrepreneurs chinois en Afrique subsaharienne a attiré l'attention de la communauté internationale. Son objectif principal est d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire en Chine et de profiter de la spéculation céréalière internationale. Il a été légitimé racialement dès le départ, avec des slogans tels que, seuls les investissements chinois pouvaient sauver les Africains de leur « paresse » traditionnelle.

Epilepsziás páciens protetikai rehabilitációja BioHpp alkalmazásával

Terápiarezisztens epilepsziás páciensünk anamnézisében több rohamforma is előfordult, így évente többször grand mal, mely tudatvesztéssel is együtt jár, absence roham, myoklónusos roham, és komplex parciális roham. A rohamok testszerte számos sérülést okoztak, így clavicula-törést, orbita alap törést és vállficamot, valamint a felső részleges fémlemezes fogpótlás akrilát műínyének és műfogainak törését, ezért a konvencionális tervezésű fogpótlás használhatatlanná vált. A BioHpp anyaga rugalmasabb a hagyományos fémlemezek anyagaihoz képest. Az ebből készült kivehető lemezes fogpótlását páciensünk 1,5 éve panaszmentesen viseli. Kevésbé törékeny fizikai tulajdonságai miatt a BioHpp használatának új indikációs területét jelentené az epilepsziás páciensek kivehető fogpótlással történő ellátása.

Les ailes de Calomnie. L’actualisation de l’allégorie de la Fama antique dans la scène 8 de l’acte II du Barbier de Séville de Beaumarchais

Pourquoi la tirade dite « de la calomnie », prononcée par Don Bazile à la scène 8 de l’acte II du Barbier de Séville, est-elle devenue l’une des plus célèbres du théâtre de Beaumarchais ? On cherchera à répondre à cette question en montrant comment ce texte parvient à traiter d’une thématique résolument d’actualité dans le dernier quart du xviiie siècle tout en s’appuyant sur une figure allégorique appartenant au répertoire esthétique le plus traditionnel. La calomnie peinte par Bazile apparaît en effet comme l’actualisation de la Fama antique telle qu’elle a été forgée par Virgile ou Ovide au siècle d’Auguste. En inscrivant son propos dans cette très ancienne grammaire formelle, Beaumarchais semble réinscrire ce grand mal du xviiie siècle dans une histoire bien plus longue, et donner d’autant plus de puissance expressive à son propos.

Bilateral Anterior Shoulder Dislocation after an Episode of Grand-Mal Seizure: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Among all joint dislocations, dislocations of the shoulder are the most common. Although posterior shoulder dislocation is infrequent, it is more common following seizures. Trauma, electrocution, and seizures can cause bilateral shoulder dislocation. Anterior shoulder dislocations can be accompaniment by greater tuberosity (GT) fractures, Bankart fractures, and other complications such as rotator cuff tears and neuro-vascular injuries. Case Report: This article describes a 19-year-old boy who suffered from bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation due to an episode of generalized seizure, which happened after taking tramadol. Conclusion: Any sign of shoulder pain in a patient who has experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure should warrant full radiographic evaluation to prevent the complications.

MO323MEDICATION INDUCED RELAPSE OF FGSG

Background and Aims 31-year-old female with past medical history of Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed with Minimal Change Disease (MCD) in 2011. At diagnosis she had proteinuria that exceeded 7 g per day. She was treated with steroids and went into complete remission. In 2017 presented again with nephrotic syndrome and on repeat biopsy she was diagnosed with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). She was restarted on steroids and had some improvement but despite 20 weeks of high dose steroids did not achieve remission. After every attempt of tapering, she would relapse. Method Other treatments tried without success were tacrolimus, cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Mild improvement with tacrolimus but stopped after a grand mal seizure. The lowest achievable steroid dose was 20mg daily. She was started on combination therapy tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil and was able to come off steroids and went into remission. Results After a few months of remission, she began to relapse. It was noted after extensive investigation that she had been placed on cabergolin for hyperprolactinemia by her endocrinologist at the time she began to relapse. Cabergolin was stopped and she went into remission again. We present the first case of FSGS relapse due to cabergolin. Conclusion Cabergoline is metabolized by hydrolysis and has limited cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism. Despite limited CYP metabolism, cabergoline does have an interaction with clarithromycin, a known inhibitor of CYP and p-glycoprotein. One rat study suggest that mycophenolate is a substrate for p-glycoprotein, so it is possible that there is some competitive inhibition. This would explain why the patient relapsed while on cabergoline and in remission after stopping it.

Nodding syndrome, an epidemic young-onset epilepsy-dementia complex in Uganda

Nodding syndrome (NS) is an enigmatic recurrent epidemic neurological disease that affects children in East Africa. The illness begins with nodding of the head and grand mal seizures that may lead to death after several years. The most recent outbreaks of NS occurred in northern Uganda and South Sudan. We describe the clinicopathologic spectrum of NS in Uganda. Ten children or young adults with NS were studied at autopsy and the neuropathological findings correlated with the onset, duration and progression of their neurological illness. All cases had epilepsy with grand mal seizures. Three cases had a clinical course that was predominantly characterized by epilepsy. Seven patients had progressive frontotemporal dementia. Two of the patients with dementia also had progressive quadriparesis. In all cases, the brain revealed tau pathology. In cases with an epilepsy-predominate course, the tau pathology was largely limited to the anterior frontal lobes but cases with dementia had more widespread cortical and subcortical tau pathology. In some cases, the histologic pattern was reminiscent of progressive supranuclear palsy. There are some interesting parallels between NS and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinson-dementia complex (ALS/PDC). The similarities are the presence of geographical isolates of disease manifesting in indigenous populations with familial clusters but no clear heritability. Both disorders appear to be related to an unknown environmental factor and both diseases appear to be fading over time in the respective geographical locations. One of the major open questions is whether ALS occurs in NS. This question will be addressed in future clinical studies and postmortem examination of the spinal cord. We propose that NS is a unique epilepsy-dementia complex in East Africa.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to: 1.Describe the clinicopathologic features of a nodding syndrome.2.Compare the pathology of NS to ALS/PDC and related disease

ECLAMPSIA AT 16 WEEKS GESTATION ASSOCIATED WITH PARTIAL MOLAR PREGNANCY

Eclampsia is a complication of severe preeclampsia.It’s commonly defined as new onset of grand mal seizure activity and/or unexplained coma during pregnancy or postpartum in a woman with signs or symptoms of preeclampsia. It typically occurs during or after the 20th week of gestation or in the postpartum period. [1, 2].Otherwise‚hydatidiform mole can be associated with very early-onset preeclampsia .In both pathologies ‚various maternal symptoms arise from placental abnormalities. We present a very early case of eclampsia complicating a partial molar pregnancy associated with an exceptional Presssyndrom. Keyword: pre-eclampsia, hydatiform mole‚ placental dysfunction.

Hypoglycemia and seizures associated with canine primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma

A 10-y-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog had a history of ataxia, inability to stand, and grand mal seizures. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles revealed profound hypoglycemia, mildly increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mild hypernatremia, and lymphopenia. The seizures could not be controlled with intravenous dextrose, diazepam, or propofol. The dog was euthanized given poor quality of life, and an autopsy was performed. Primary autopsy findings included firm hepatic masses that ranged from dark-red to tan, with the largest ~1.5 cm diameter, and pulmonary edema. Histologic examination of the hepatic masses revealed redundant, several-cell-thick cords, and packeted or acinar arrangements of polygonal cells, supported on a fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells were immunopositive for insulin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase immunohistochemistry; granules in the tumor cells had an affinity for Grimelius silver stain. The histologic features, as well as the immunohistochemical staining profile, identified the neoplasm as a primary multifocal hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare in dogs and usually occur in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract.