From Leningrad Medical Societies

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Medical Societies

At a meeting of the Endocrinological Society on 22/X1926, Prof. V.A. Oppel made an interesting demonstration of a patient with ankylosing inflammation of the spine. Considering the suffering to be caused by hyperfunction of parathyroid glands, responsible for calcium metabolism in organism, Prof. Oppel removed his parathyroid and a part of thyroid gland. The result of the operation was brilliant.

scholarly journals SURGICAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN PATIENTS OPERATED ON THYROID GLAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Pasko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Antioxidant Therapy ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Group I ◽  
Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Surgical Prevention

Abstract. Thyroid gland (TG) diseases are among the most common and occupy the second place in the structure of endocrine system diseases after diabetes mellitus. The main method of TG disease treatment remains the surgical one. With the increase in the incidence of various forms of TG pathology, the number of surgeries increases including the ones performed at non-specialized in-patient facilities leading to an increase in the frequency of postoperative complications. One of the most common specific complications after surgeries on TG is postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT). It occupies a special place considering the severity of manifestations and the difficulty in prevention. It is usually caused by trauma or parathyroid glands (PTG) removal, their blood supply disturbance, as well as the development of fibrosis at the surgery site in the long term. Therefore, the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new approaches to surgeries in case of TG diseases are relevant today. The most common method of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT) surgical prevention is precision nature of surgical manipulations with careful adhering to tactical and technical requirements for the operator: identify parathyroid glands (PTG) timely, mobilize gently, and keep their blood supply. However, it is often impossible to keep PTG intact structurally and without ischemia due to the small sizes of PTG and their vessels, anatomical and embryological features of these organs localization, the consistency and color similarity with fatty tissue, lymph nodes. The objective of the research was to develop and evaluate the algorithm of prevention and treatment of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PHPT) based on determining parathyroid glands (PTG) viability and the use of antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy in the postoperative period. The research was based on the results of a comprehensive examination and treatment of 60 patients who were operated for thyroid gland diseases. The patients underwent inpatient treatment at the surgical department of Ivano-Frankivsk Central City Clinical Hospital and Ivano-Frankivsk Regional Oncology Center from 2017 to 2020. We proposed an algorithm for surgical prevention and treatment of PHPT during thyroid gland surgeries which consisted in the following. We performed a visual assessment of PTG intraoperatively and evaluated each gland from 0 to 3 points according to the degree of its viability affection. If the gland was evaluated at 0-2 points, we left it, since there was a high probability of maintaining its function. If it was evaluated at 3 points, its autotransplantation was performed. Cytoflavin drug was applied in a dose of 10 ml per 200 0.9% NaCl intravenously once a day during 7 days in the postoperative period for the purpose of antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy. 2 groups of patients were formed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Each group consisted of 30 people. Patients of Group I underwent surgery on thyroid gland according to generally accepted rules. Patients of Group II underwent interventions according to the above-mentioned algorithm. The use of our proposed algorithm (intraoperative assessment of PTG viability and antihypoxant-antioxidant therapy in the postoperative period) significantly reduces the frequency of permanent PHP justifying indications to its application.

scholarly journals Equine Carcinoma Hemithyroidectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mayer Coelho ◽  
Brenda Valeria dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Diana Villa Verde Salazar ◽  
Karin Elisabeth Rodrigues Borba ◽  
Lais Maria Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Significant Weight Loss

Background: In horses, the thyroid gland is located slightly caudal to the larynx and dorsolaterally between the third and sixth tracheal ring, adjacent to the thyroid, there are four small glands called parathyroid glands. In the clinical routine of horses, thyropathies are difficult to be diagnosed, as they have a silent evolution. Thyroid neoplasia is the most common finding in horses, usually unilateral and normally present in older animals. The present study reports a case of equine thyroid carcinoma and its systemic clinical effects, which was successfully treated by means of hemitieroidectomy. Case: A 12-year-old male mixed breed horse weighing 436 kg, was admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the FZEA/USP    with the main complaint of volume increase in the right ventrolateral region of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, significant weight loss and weakness of the pelvic limbs. On inspection, there was an increase in volume in the topographic region of the thyroid gland and on palpation, there was a firm mass, with delimited edges, with a smooth, mobile surface, without increasing the temperature and without pain. The animal was sent for ultrasound examination, which revealed a delimited mass, with an apparent capsule around it, differentiated and disorganized cellularity with small hypoechoic points of liquid inside the structure, with no apparent vascularization inside the mass. These findings, associated with the anatomical location of the mass, were consistent with thyroid tissue. The clinical signs commonly observed in thyroid neoformations are respiratory stridor, decreased performance, difficulty in swallowing and suffocation. As there was a compromised diet and weight gain, as well as athletic performance, he chose to have a hemithyroidectomy. After surgery, histopathology of the tissue was performed and thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed. Postoperatively, the animal was medicated with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anti-tetanus serum, after 10 days the stitches were removed and the animal was discharged. Discussion: Neoplasia is the most frequent cause of progressive thyroid growth and in case of suspicion of thyroid disorders, thin needle aspiration (FNAB) is recommended and, later, histopathological examination, which is considered the gold standard for diagnosis pathologies of the thyroid gland. In the present case, no FNAB or preoperative histopathological examination was performed due to the time required to obtain the result, associated with difficulty in swallowing and significant weight loss, which required immediate removal of the mass. Considering that the ultrasound examination revealed the absence of noble structures or important vascularization very close to or adhered to the mass, its removal prior to the histopathological examination was indicated. As there was compromised feeding and weight gain, he opted for hemithyroidectomy, the recommended treatment for unilateral tumors in horses. When performing a hemithyroidectomy, it should be remembered that the parathyroid glands accompany the thyroid and are located in its posterior portion, in the pre tracheal region, with its variable final position. With this variation in topography, the identification of parathyroid glands becomes challenging and, consequently, after thyroidectomy, a portion of parathyroid glands stops operating, and this fact is marked clinically by hypocalcemia and its consequences. In this case described, in which the animal had a tumor in thyroid tissue, possibly the parathyroid functions were also altered, which probably reflected in the lameness in the pelvic limbs. It is concluded that partial hemithyroidectomy in horses is an easy procedure to perform and has favorable results in relation to prognosis and quality of life. Keywords: carcinoma, hemithyroidectomy, thyroid. Título: Hemitireoidectomia por carcinoma em equinoDescritores: carcinoma, hemitireoidectomia, tireóide. 

Transplantation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands into various organs and tissues

1911 ◽  
Vol 11 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 285-298
Author(s):  
K. G. Shumkova-Trubina
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Parathyroid Glands

M.G. and M.G. The question of a thyroid gland transplant arose soon after the discoveries of Ord (1880), replacing the absence of a thyroid gland in myxedemic patients at autopsy, a neuropathologist Weiss (1880), who indicated that after total extirpation of the thyroid gland, convulsions appear, called by him tetany, Reverdin (1882) and Kocher (1883), who firmly established that complete removal of the thyroid gland leads to sharp changes in both the mental and the physical organism. He called this disease Renegdin myxedema postoperatorie, and Kocher cachexia strumipriva. They also pointed out that cretinism depends on the absence of a thyroid gland.

scholarly journals The thyroid and parathyroid glands throughout vertebrates

1910 ◽  
Vol 82 (557) ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Parathyroid Glands

1. The organs recognised as arising in the regions of the gill-clefts in Elasmobranchs are thyroid, thymus, and post-branchial body. The parathyroid and carotid glandules have not yet been discovered in these animals. 2. Within the thyroid gland of Elasmobranchs are small, solid masses of cells, partly epithelial, partly adenoid. These have not, so far as I am aware, been previously described. One is tempted to suppose that these are homologous either with parathyroid or thymus. In the latter case it would correspond with thymus IV of Mammals. (It has not been suggested that the thymus derivative of the fourth cleft furnishes isolated nodules in the thyroid of Elasmobranchs.)

scholarly journals Comparison of parathyroid hormone kinetics in endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areola with open thyroidectomy

BMC Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daqi Zhang ◽  
Tie Wang ◽  
Gianlorenzo Dionigi ◽  
Jiao Zhang ◽  
Yishen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Thyroidectomy ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Open Thyroidectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Areola Approach

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to compare the kinetics of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) during the perioperative period of endoscopic thyroidectomy via bilateral areola approach (ETBAA) in the same period, following a traditional open thyroidectomy approach (OTA). Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of patients who were undergoing thyroidectomy and level VI clearance. Patients who had been affected by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were stratified into three groups: those eligible for endoscopic treatment (ETBAA); patients who were eligible for ETBAA but had opted for OTA (OTA-L); and patients who were not suitable for endoscopic intervention (OTA-H). A process for locating parathyroid glands was utilized to stratify gland dissection laboriousness. In Type A, the gland is firmly fixed to thyroid gland. This type can be sub-classified into three subtypes. A1: the parathyroid gland is attached to the inherent thyroid capsule. A2: the gland is partially embedded in the thyroid gland. A3: the gland is located in the thyroid tissue. Type B is defined as a gland which is separated from the thyroid gland. The iPTH was sampled at wound closure. Results There were 100 patients in each group. We found a significant difference between the ETBAA and OTA-H groups for type A2, as well as a loss of parathyroid glands and a number of parathyroid transplantation procedures. The endoscopic group was treated during an earlier stage of thyroid cancer. The iPTH profile of each group decreased, although this was the most consistent in the OTA-H group. A comparison of ETBAA with OTA-L demonstrates that the iPTH level change is similar. Conclusion There is no advantage of endoscopic treatment for preserving parathyroid function.

scholarly journals Incidence of dystrophies caused by fluorine in organs regulated by the parathyroid glands

1944 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Spira
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Fluorine Poisoning

Dystrophies due to chronic fluorine poisoning in organs regulated by the parathyroid glands, namely the skin and its appendages, the nails, teeth and hair, and also in bones, are here shown to be unusually common in this country. They should be regarded as easily detectable signs of a serious disturbance of the calcium metabolism of the body. Fluorine is a poison of which the action, in many respects, is similar to that of arsenic. It is the task of the authorities responsible for the health of the nation to search for ways and means capable of minimizing its effect.I wish to express my sincere thanks to the Librarian of the Royal Society of Medicine and his staff for their never-failing courtesy and help.

Prophylactic thyroidectomy as method of medullary thyroid carcinoma prevention in children from MEN syndrom families

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Zoya S. Matveeva ◽  
Anatoliy F. Romanchishen ◽  
Alexandr V. Gostimsky ◽  
Kristina V. Vabalayte
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Endocrine Neoplasia ◽  
The Family

The article presents results of diagnostics, surgical treatment and follow-up of patients with rare hereditary-conditioned forms of thyroid cancer – medullary thyroid carcinoma in content of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Particular attention is paid to the examination and tactics of treatment of children and adolescents with family genetically confirmed Sipple syndrome. The disease is diagnosed in 4 families. Syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2a type we found in 7 (0.024%) of 29,325 children and adult patients. All the children were from families in which one of the blood relatives suffered medullary thyroid cancer. The family nature of the disease was confirmed by molecular genetic studies that revealed mutations in C634 (T1900C) in the 11 exon of the RET gene. Only in 3 out of 7 cases thyroidectomy was prophylactic. Four children were fond foci of medullary carcinoma in the removed thyroid gland. In total, 22 operations were performed for the members of 4 families suffering from the family syndrome MEN-2a. The article shows that if a patient is diagnosed Sippl's syndrome, all his blood relatives need to be checked for the mutation of the RET gene to identify familial medullary thyroid cancer, adenomas of parathyroid glands and pheochromocytomas. Early removal of the thyroid gland (in children under the age of 5 years) prevents medullary cancer, and timely diagnosis and adequate surgical removal of neoplasms of parathyroid glands and adrenal glands ensure recovery of the patients. Closest relatives should be checked for the level of calcium and calcitonin, catecholamines, vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrine, ACTH, cancer-embryonic antigen.

EIN FALL VON PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYREOIDISMUS MIT PATHOLOGISCH-ANATOMISCHEM BEFUND

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schwarz ◽  
K. R. Loewe
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Bone Replacement ◽  
First Case ◽  
Age Involution

ABSTRACT The first case of pseudohypoparathyroidism with postmortem examination is reported. Microscopic examination shows hyperplastic upper parathyroid glands (only one was found) and normal age involution in the two found lower glands. All the bones examinated offered signs of exagerated bone replacement in time before death. In the cortical bone of the femur many lacunae of Howship with spare giant cell osteoclasts were seen. Circumscript calcifications in the renal medulla and in the thyroid gland were observed.

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