scholarly journals Organizational activity of S.V. Kurashov in establishing and developing of national medicine and health care (to the 110th anniversary of the birth of S.V. Kurashov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-936
Author(s):  
A N Galiullin ◽  
A V Shulaev ◽  
I M Burykin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Programs

The article provides information about the organizational activities and role of S.V. Kurashov in establishing and developing of national medicine and health care in the USSR and his contribution to the organization of health resorts, medical industry, pharmacy. The data on the improvement of outpatient specialized medical care for the population, the dynamics of health care in the USSR in 19501965, and the implementation of national programs to eliminate especially dangerous infections in the country are detailed. The paper shows the role of S.V. Kurashov in the training of medical personnel, the construction of multi-specialty hospitals in rural areas, allowing to provide specialized outpatient and inpatient medical care, in the country's accession to the World Health Organization in Geneva, which increased the importance of the USSR health care in the international arena.

scholarly journals The role of Astana primary health care declaration for development of primary health care at postsoviet countryes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nurlan N. Brimkulov ◽  
Damilya S. Nugmanova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization

The article presents the goals, principles and results of the implementation of the Almaty Declaration of the World Health Organization (WHO) on primary health care (PHC) of 1978; the background and main provisions of the Astana Declaration of WHO on PHC 2018. The article presents the stages of PHC development in the USSR, which was characterized by the widespread introduction of narrow specialists at the primary level of health care, which subsequently had certain negative consequences. In a number of post-Soviet countries, the principles of General medical practice (family medicine) were implemented in health care reform, but some provisions of the Alma-Ata Declaration were introduced with distortions. This has led to a lack of effective functioning of the PHC system, a shortage of General practitioners, especially in rural areas. The implementation of the main principles of the new Astana Declaration will be important for the effective implementation of health care reforms in all post-Soviet countries.

Drug control: a prerequisite for health

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Limited List

The purchase of drugs employs an increasingly large part of the health budget of many Third World countries. Like health care expenditure as a whole, drug spending is heavily biased in favour of urban hospitals, often for expensive proprietary drugs that offer little benefit over cheaper preparations. As a result, because limited funds are available, vaccines and drugs for prevention and primary care are sometimes unavailable, especially in rural areas. The World Health Organization and many individual countries have responded to the problem of drug costs by creating a limited list of drugs considered essential for health care needs. Other methods of curtailing spending on drugs have included tendering for supplies and the establishment of plants to manufacture and formulate drugs. Controls of this type meet enormous resistance from doctors and pharmaceutical manufacturers, but are vital for the implementation of policies for appropriate health care.

Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis

Partner Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PA-D-20-00006
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Working Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Organization

Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little to or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women’s education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

scholarly journals New Health Care Reform and Impoverishment among Chronic Households in China: A Random-Intercept Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Anupam Garrib ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Duolao Wang ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health Organization

High out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for chronic disease care often contribute directly to household poverty. Although previous studies have explored the determinants of impoverishment in China, few published studies have compared levels of impoverishment before and after the New Health Care Reform (NHCR) in households with members with chronic diseases (hereafter referred to as chronic households). Our study explored this using data from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys conducted in Shaanxi Province. In total, 1938 households in 2008 and 7700 households in 2013 were included in the analysis. Rates of impoverishment were measured using a method proposed by the World Health Organization. Multilevel logistic modeling was used to explore the influence of the NHCR on household impoverishment. Our study found that the influence of NHCR on impoverishment varied by residential location. After the reform, in rural areas, there was a significant decline in impoverishment, although the impoverishment rate remained high. There was little change in urban areas. In addition, impoverishment in the poorest households did not decline after the NHCR. Our findings are important for policy makers in particular for evaluating reform effectiveness, informing directions for health policy improvement, and highlighting achievements in the efforts to alleviate the economic burden of households that have members with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Some results of the organization assessment of outpatient aid to children’s population in a municipal area

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ilya B. Sobolev ◽  
Karina E. Moiseeva ◽  
Shalva D. Kharbedia ◽  
Vladimir A. Glushchenko ◽  
Anna V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Medical Organization

Primary health care for children is the mainstay of the system of medical care for children and includes measures for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of diseases, medical rehabilitation, the development of healthy lifestyles and sanitary and hygienic education for the children. Medical organizations located in rural areas have particularities in the system of providing medical care to the population. This concerns the type, capacity, disposition of medical organizations, their provision with qualified medical personnel, and the possibility of obtaining qualified medical care. In order to assess the state of outpatient care for children under the conditions of municipal health care, data was taken out of the federal statistical reporting “Information on medical organization” form 30 “Information about the number of diseases registered in patients living in the area of service of the medical organization” form 12 for 2015-2017. The research was based on the Toksovo District Hospital, a state budgetary health care institution in the Leningrad Region. In the course of the study, pediatric staff were evaluated for pediatric staff, indicators of outpatient care for the children, indicators of the burden of pediatricians and morbidity rates for the treatment of children. It was found that in the years under study there was a high level of provision of pediatricians with an attached pediatric population, an increase in the number of district pediatricians and a decrease in the part-time ratio. The increase in the workload of pediatricians conducting outpatient admissions, including district pediatricians, associated with an increase in visits for diseases in 2015-2017, indicates a deterioration in the health of the children’s population, as evidenced by an increase in the overall morbidity rate for outpatient using the child population.

scholarly journals Advanced Practice Nursing and the Expansion of the Role of Nurses in Primary Health Care in the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110194
Author(s):  
Luís Carlos Lopes-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Advanced Practice Nursing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization

Nurses have an educational background particularly suited to the growing challenges of the 21st century, characterized by an accelerated demographic transition, accompanied by a scenario of triple disease burden: 1) the unsurpassed agenda for infectious diseases; 2) the increase in deaths attributable to external causes; and 3) the predominance of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) already have regulations well-established in many countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, the USA, Finland, France, Ireland, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic, among others. This paper aimed to point out and to reflect on Advanced Practice Nursing and the expansion of the role of nurses in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Americas. In the same year the Nursing Now Campaign was launched, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and World Health Organization (WHO) prepared the document Expanding the Role of Nurses in PHC which calls on governments and nurses from countries in the Americas to implement APN training for PHC and Nurses from Central and South America who already have specialization programs, residency, academic master's and doctoral degrees. Expansion is intended to provide greater coverage and assistance to users of the health system, take advantage of nurses' intellectual capacity, and retain good professionals in the profession. This is a crucial moment for nursing worldwide. However, it is imperative to ensure the voice and impact of nursing continues to reverberate long after the end of 2021. In this paper, a debate on the strengths and challenges for the expansion of the APN role in PHC in the Americas is discribed.

Interprofessional Collaboration and Telehealth: Useful Strategies for Family Counselors in Rural and Underserved Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Kaprea F. Johnson ◽  
Lauren B. Mahan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Family Counselors ◽  
Health Organization

Families and children in rural areas are at a greater risk for poor health outcomes because of inaccessible health care systems. The barriers that limit access are noted as cost of health care, access, lack of insurance, and other issues related to living in rural America. A promising approach to minimize these barriers is interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and telehealth. The World Health Organization noted that IPC and telehealth is a promising approach to connecting rural populations to needed health care and resources. This conceptual article describes issues faced by many families and children in rural areas, and how family counselors can serve as leaders in connecting families to health care providers through telehealth and IPC. This article concludes with an explanatory case study used to show how family counselors can connect families and children to necessary resources.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM: THE REGIONAL ASPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
N. N Shigaev ◽  
I. L Krom ◽  
M. V Erugina ◽  
M. G Eremina ◽  
L. G Skorobogatova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Regional Health Care ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Care System

According to the WHO, social responsiveness is associated with non-medical indices of health care system functioning. The integral index of responsiveness of health care system at providing specialized medical care to children in rural areas of the region was applied for assessing the degree of concordance of regional health care system to expectations of population. The most positive appraisals of respondents were given to indices of social responsiveness determined by professionalism of the medical personnel of the Oblast children hospital. The survey results demonstrated that main problem of respondents is transport accessibility of specialized medical care for children in rural areas of the region.

Role of antioxidant herbs and Yoga practices in prevention of infectious diseases with special reference to Covid-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krushna Chaitanya Patnaik ◽  
Dhirajsingh Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Health Organization

Infectious diseases are the disorders caused by pathogenic organisms which are scary because most of us don’t have the sufficient knowledge about them. They are scarier because they can be dangerous and may lead to loss of life. We think about them only if we are health care workers or it happens to ourselves and our close ones. Immunity plays vital role in prevention of mechanism of the formation of diseases. Significant role of free radicals in initiating as well as improving immunity to minimize the diseases is major point of focus behind utilization of Anti-oxidant and rejuvenation therapy. Ayurveda has mentioned similar principles under the heading of . Present workis a review based on the previous published articles, recent updates regarding prevention of COVID-19 according to World Health Organization, Ayurveda aspect towards prevention of infectious diseases using antioxidant herbs and yoga practices. There are numerous antioxidant herbs and yoga but the specific mentioned seems to be more useful in developing immunity. The mentioned herbs may prove more useful in developing immunity.

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