Determinants of Domestic Violence in Pakistan: A Qualitative and Econometric Analysis

Partner Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PA-D-20-00006
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Working Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Organization

Domestic violence exists in every country, irrespective of the culture, ethnicity, age, income, and education of the women. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 35% of women worldwide had experienced sexual or physical violence. The present study has attempted to analyze the role of different socioeconomic indicators on the prevalence of domestic violence. In this regard, data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–2018 has been used and logit models have been estimated. It has been found that women married below the age of 18; living in rural areas; have more children; whose mothers experienced violence; feared their husbands; with little to or no autonomy in decision-making; had a bank account; married outside of the family; and had not inherited any land or property were significantly more vulnerable victims of domestic violence. It has been found that women’s education, education of her husband, and exposure to media by creating awareness may protect women from domestic violence. Furthermore, working women are more likely to face domestic violence, but women who have started working before marriage are significantly less vulnerable victims of domestic violence. However, the age of women herself, the age of husband, age of household head and wealth of household, living in the nucleus or joint family, receiving any support from Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) have no significant role in determining the domestic violence in Pakistan.

Family Courts and Human Security in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oluwaleye Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

The trend of violence against women in Nigeria has increased more than ever recently, with many women having been deprived of their fundamental rights. Violence against women in Nigeria includes sexual harassment, physical violence, harmful traditional practices, emotional and psychological violence, and socio-economic violence. This article investigates cases of domestic violence against women in South West Nigeria by assessing the role of family courts in the adjudication of such cases. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to examine incidents of violence against women and the role of the family courts in ensuring justice. The author employed both primary and secondary sources of data; the data gathered were analysed by frequency and simple percentages, while qualitative data were descriptively analysed. The article reveals the causes of domestic violence against women to include a cultural belief in male superiority, women’s lack of awareness of their rights, women’s poverty owing to joblessness, men seeking sexual satisfaction by force, women having only male children, the social acceptance of discipline, the failure to punish the perpetrators of violence, the influence of alcohol, and in-laws’ interference in marital relationships. It also reveals the nature of domestic violence against women. The research revealed that the family courts have played prominent roles in protecting and defending the rights of women. The author therefore recommends that the law should strengthen the family courts by extending their power to penalise the perpetrators of violence against women. 

Risk Factors for Spousal Physical Violence Against Women in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1269-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halah M. Eldoseri ◽  
Phyllis Sharps
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Organization

This study aimed to explore selected risk factors for spousal physical violence (SPV) in women frequenting primary health care clinics (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted in six PHCs, where one-on-one, private interviews with 200 women were conducted using a standardized World Health Organization (WHO) violence against women questionnaire (v.10.0). SPV was reported by 45.5% of women. Husband-specific risk factors including alcohol or drug addiction, unemployment, control of wealth in the family, and physical aggression toward other men were significant predictors for SPV. A multisectoral approach should be implemented with focus on providers’ training, women’s safety, and involvement of men in violence prevention and intervention programs.

Is Homosexuality Normal?

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-259
Author(s):  
Norman Q. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Disturbed Relationships

In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of diagnoses, thereby implying that it is a normal variant of sexual behavior. Since then, when homosexuals have sought professional help for emotional problems, psychiatrists have tended increasingly to assist them to believe that their emotional discomfort is the result of society's bias and intolerance and to accept and enjoy their preference for individuals of the same sex. The World Health Organization, however, still includes homosexuality as a medical diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases. Normally, a child can be expected to develop into an adult with its genetically determined sex. When a boy who is physically and hormonally normal develops a preference for sex with another male, it is an indication that something is amiss. A pathologic family environment is often present in the family of homosexuals. Yet not all boys exposed to a pathologic family during early development become homosexuals. Because of this, the role of disturbed relationships in causing homosexuality is questioned. However, psychoanalyses of male homosexuals have convincingly revealed the existence of a fear of heterosexuality in individuals with genetically predisposed personalities.

scholarly journals SOME MODERN PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
S. О. Bukhonskyi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Human Rights Standards

Counteracting domestic violence is today one of the most important areas of social development. It is seen not only as a social problem, but primarily as a problem of protecting human rights and, above all, the rights of women, requires the development of appropriate legal means of solving it. When violence is committed in the family, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, and through the capabilities of the aggressor and the victim, the latter’s self-defense is complicated, which requires intervention from the state and society. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. According to the same data, this problem is more acute for economically underdeveloped countries, while women in these countries are more likely to recognize such violence against themselves as justified. Thus, the percentage of women who reported that they had been subjected to violence by their family members at least once in their life varies from 15% in Japan to 71% in Ethiopia. According to other sources, the level of domestic violence against women is about 23% in Sweden, 4% in Japan and Serbia, 30–54% in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania. In the United States, a woman suffers from physical violence every 18 minutes. According to statistics, 62% of the murders of women were committed by their husbands. In Peru, 70% of all reported crimes are domestic violence. Sexual violence is widespread – in Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, every sixth woman has been raped. The adoption of special legislation and its introduction into the practice of the activities of authorized state bodies makes it possible to gradually eradicate these negative social traditions. International information exchange between scientists, law enforcement officials, social workers contributes to the spread of international experience in the Ukrainian legal system. In addition, Ukraine, in the course of the formation of national legislation, studies and adapts the provisions of international human rights standards, including on combating domestic violence.

scholarly journals Organizational activity of S.V. Kurashov in establishing and developing of national medicine and health care (to the 110th anniversary of the birth of S.V. Kurashov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-936
Author(s):  
A N Galiullin ◽  
A V Shulaev ◽  
I M Burykin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specialty Hospitals ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Programs

The article provides information about the organizational activities and role of S.V. Kurashov in establishing and developing of national medicine and health care in the USSR and his contribution to the organization of health resorts, medical industry, pharmacy. The data on the improvement of outpatient specialized medical care for the population, the dynamics of health care in the USSR in 19501965, and the implementation of national programs to eliminate especially dangerous infections in the country are detailed. The paper shows the role of S.V. Kurashov in the training of medical personnel, the construction of multi-specialty hospitals in rural areas, allowing to provide specialized outpatient and inpatient medical care, in the country's accession to the World Health Organization in Geneva, which increased the importance of the USSR health care in the international arena.

scholarly journals Angka Kasus Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga di Kota Manado Tahun 2018-2019

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebennia Tumewu ◽  
Djemi Tomuka ◽  
Erwin G. Kristanto
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
British Crime Survey ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract: Domestic violence is universal and can occur regardless of age, profession, economic level or education of the victims. According to World Health Organization, 1 in 3 women in the world had experienced physical or sexual violence. In addition, according to the British Crime Survey, 1/3 of victims of domestic violence were male. This study was aimed to obtain the number of domestic violence cases in Manado during 2018-2019. This was a retrospective and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using secondary data of domestic violence case reports at Polresta Manado regarding domestic violence in Manado 2018-2019. The results showed that there were 111 cases of domestic violence in 2018-2019 in Manado. Most cases occurred at Sario District (14 cases; 13%) dominated by physical violence (78 cases; 70%), committed by male perpetrators (101 cases; 91%), husbands of the victims (101 cases; 91%), and age group of 15-24 years (43 cases; 39%). In conclusion, there was a fluctuation in the number of domestic violence cases; an increase of 51.3% comparing to the number of cases in 2012-2013 and a decrease of 27.4% comparing to the number of cases in 2015-2016.Keywords: domestic violence Abstrak: Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) merupakan hal yang universal dan dapat terjadi tanpa memandang usia, profesi, tingkat ekonomi, maupun pendidikan dari korban. Menurut data WHO (World Health Organization), 1 dari 3 perempuan di dunia pernah mengalami kekerasan fisik maupun seksual. Selain itu, menurut British Crime Survey, 1/3 korban KDRT ialah laki-laki.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan angka kasus KDRT di Kota Manado tahun 2018-2019. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Data sekunder yaitu laporan kasus KDRT di Polresta Manado mengenai KDRT di Kota Manado pada tahun 2018-2019. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan, kasus KDRT pada tahun 2018-2019 di Kota Manado berjumlah 111 kasus, paling banyak terjadi di Kecamatan Sario (14 kasus; 13%), didominasi oleh jenis kekerasan fisik (78 kasus; 70%), pelaku berjenis kelamin laki-laki (101 kasus; 91%), yang merupakan suami korban (101 kasus; 91%), dan paling sering dialami oleh kelompok usia 15-24 tahun (43 kasus; 39%). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat fluktuasi angka kasus KDRT dibandingkan jumlah kasus pada tahun 2012-2013 yaitu terjadi peningkatan sebanyak 51,3% dan terjadi penurunan 27,4% bila dibandingkan dengan jumlah kasus pada tahun 2015-2016.Kata kunci: kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT)

scholarly journals The role of Astana primary health care declaration for development of primary health care at postsoviet countryes

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nurlan N. Brimkulov ◽  
Damilya S. Nugmanova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Organization

The article presents the goals, principles and results of the implementation of the Almaty Declaration of the World Health Organization (WHO) on primary health care (PHC) of 1978; the background and main provisions of the Astana Declaration of WHO on PHC 2018. The article presents the stages of PHC development in the USSR, which was characterized by the widespread introduction of narrow specialists at the primary level of health care, which subsequently had certain negative consequences. In a number of post-Soviet countries, the principles of General medical practice (family medicine) were implemented in health care reform, but some provisions of the Alma-Ata Declaration were introduced with distortions. This has led to a lack of effective functioning of the PHC system, a shortage of General practitioners, especially in rural areas. The implementation of the main principles of the new Astana Declaration will be important for the effective implementation of health care reforms in all post-Soviet countries.

scholarly journals Domestic violence challenge and COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Nojomi ◽  
Ebrahim Babaee
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Staying At Home

By the emergence of the COVID-19 transfers and relocation of people to prevent the spread of infection have been restricted. Long term staying at home during an epidemic increases the probability of interpersonal friction and conflict. During this time, the family members get close together and interactions between family members may be increased. Restricting people's movements during an epidemic can lead to psychological consequences such as stress, anxiety, and domestic violence consequently. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasis that with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, and stress have increased worldwide notably.

scholarly journals Moluccas Local Wisdom in the Role of Marriage Arbitrator for Preventing Domestic Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-223
Author(s):  
Ahmad Lonthor ◽  
La Jamaa
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distant Relative

This research aims to reveal the Moluccas local wisdom through the existence of marriage arbitrators among Muslim community in Salahutu, Leihitu, and West Leihitu, Central Maluku. The data were collected through observation and interviews with community leaders, marriage arbitrators and their married sisters and then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research results showed that the marriage arbitrators come from a male distant relative who was appointed by custom as a part of the marriage custom. The appointment aims to strengthen the family relationship between the bride (married sister) and the arbitrator in which they can help each other. Traditionally, an arbitrator serves to help the bride in both material and non-material aspects, particularly in preventing domestic violence. He can become a mediator, peacemaker, and helper of the economic hardship as well as preventing the married sister from psychological domestic violence. Furthermore, he can also provide protection for his married sister from the threat of her husband’s physical violence. This research found that the role of marriage arbitrators as peacemakers in preventing husband’s violence against their married sisters is relevant to hakamain concept in Islamic law as well as the provisions of "safe houses by the community," in Law No. 23/2004.(Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan peran kearifan lokal saudara kawin  pada masyarakat Muslim di Kecamatan Salahutu, Leihitu dan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada tokoh masyarakat, saudara kawin dan saudari kawin kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saudara kawin adalah laki-laki dari kerabat jauh yang diangkat secara adat sebagai bagian dari adat perkawinan. Hal itu bertujuan untuk mempererat hubungan kekeluargaan antara saudara kawin dengan saudari kawinnya di mana keduanya bias saling membantu. Secara adat, saudara kawin bertugas membantu mempelai perempuan (istri) dalam hal material maupun non-material, utamanya untuk mencegah tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga si saudari kawin. Saudara kawin bisa berperan sebagai penengah, juru damai, sekaligus membantu kesulitan ekonomi keluarga saudari kawinnya, termasuk mencegah terjadinya kekerasan psikis saudari kawinnya. Lebih jauh, saudara kawin juga bisa berperan melindungi saudari kawinnya dari ancaman kekerasan fisik suaminya. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran saudara kawin sebagai juru damai yang mencegah kekerasan suami kepada istri relevan dengan konsep hakamain dalam hukum Islam serta ketentuan ”rumah aman oleh masyarakat,” dalam Undang-undang RI Nomor 23 Tahun 2004)

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

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