scholarly journals Personified approaches to organization of risk-oriented medical observation in conditions of opportunistic-pathogenic microbial air contamination of working zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
L. M. Masyagutova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina ◽  
N. V. Vlasova ◽  
R. U. Khairullin ◽  
G. R. Sadrtdinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Working Zone ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Medical Observation ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Aim. To ground the personified approaches when organizing risk-oriented medical observation of animal breeding workers. Materials and methods. The total capillary blood analysis with calculation of percentage of peripheral blood cellular composition was carried out, allergization index (AI) and immunoreactivity index (IRI) was assessed, the total number of microorganisms per 1 m3 of the air in the working zone was determined, the total microbial count (TMC) was calculated. Results. The standard periodic medical examination of workers is sufficient with TMC value less than 500 CFU/m3, absence of chronic infectious inflammatory diseases (CIID), AI value less than 1.08 standard units, IRI value less than 13 standard units. When having a mean level of microbiological risk, CIID detection ranging from 1 to 3, AI value less than 1.08 and IRI value less than13 standard units, it is recommended to add a survey to the previous stage, using special questionnaire (attitude to work, working conditions, fatigability degree, susceptibility to allergy etc.). When having TMC value more than 2500 CFU/m3, CIID detection from 4 to 5, AI value 1.08–1.3 standard units, IRI value 13.1–15.7 standard units, an additional study of the upper airways microflora as well as immune status using tests of the first level should be realized; further recommendations on treatment-and-preventive measures in outpatient conditions should be given; with TMC value more than 5000 CFU/m3, presence of CIID – 6 and more, AI value 1.4–1.5 standard units, IRI value 15.8–18.3 standard units, it is recommended to perform immunological studies using tests of the second level with determination of susceptibility to antimicrobial preparations in hospital conditions of Occupational Pathology Center. Conclusions. The method of personified risk-oriented medical observation of persons, working in animal breeding is offered.

Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Oleg Melnikov ◽  
Diana Zabolotnaya ◽  
Alexander Bredun ◽  
Bogdan Bil ◽  
Oksana Rylska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Immune Modulators

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional value and microbiological safety in commercial dog food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kazimierska ◽  
Wioletta Biel ◽  
Robert Witkowicz ◽  
Jolanta Karakulska ◽  
Xymena Stachurska
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Dry Food

AbstractIn addition to properly balancing nutritional value in accordance with the needs of a dog, estimating the microbiological quality of dog food is crucial in providing healthy and safe foods. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of dry food for adult dogs, with particular reference to: (1) evaluating the nutritional value and compliance with nutritional guidelines for dogs, (2) comparing the nutritional value of dog foods, with particular emphasis on the division into cereal and cereal-free foods, and (3) evaluating their microbiological safety. All thirty-six evaluated dry dog foods met the minimum European Pet Food Industry FEDIAF requirement for total protein and fat content. The total aerobic microbial count in the analyzed dry dog foods ranged from 2.7 × 102 to above 3.0 × 107 cfu/g. In five (14%) dog foods the presence of staphylococci was detected; however, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) was not found. Mold presence was reported in one cereal-free dog food and in six cereal foods. In none of the analyzed foods Enterobacteriaceae were found, including coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Bacteria of the genus Listeria and Clostridium as well as yeasts were also not detected. In conclusion, the evaluated dry dog foods had varied microbiological quality. The detected number of microorganisms may have some implications for long-term consumption of contaminated food. The lack of European Commission standards regarding the permissible amounts of microorganisms in pet food may result in insufficient quality control of these products.

Bilateral fungal infection inducing a serpiginous-like picture

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090872
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fernández-Vega González ◽  
Carlos Fernández-Vega González ◽  
Beatriz Fernández-Vega Sanz ◽  
María Teresa Peláez ◽  
Jesús Merayo-Lloves
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To report the clinical findings of a patient who presented with an atypical bilateral fungal retinitis that was established by retinochoroidal biopsy. Methods: Case report. Results: A 56-year-old systemically healthy man presented with progressive visual loss in his left eye for 3 weeks. Visual acuity was 20/40 in the left eye, and 20/20 in the right eye and fundus examination showed macular retinal pigmented epithelium changes in his left eye. Over the following four months, his lesions progressed to serpiginous-like widespread retinal pigmented epithelium atrophy and his visual acuity decreased to 20/100, but no signs of ocular inflammation were found. Treatment with oral corticoids, valganciclovir and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed no efficacy. Blood analysis and cultures, laboratory investigations, and imaging tests were carried out looking for infectious and inflammatory diseases, but all tests were negative. Two months later, the patient presented with the same kind of lesions in the other eye (right eye), so he was subjected to retinochoroidal biopsy. Histopathological examination of specimen revealed the presence of intraretinal and choroidal fungal hyphae. Oral voriconazole was initiated achieving clinical remission, but no visual improvement was obtained. The source of the infection remains unknown since all tests results were negative. However, his profession as brewmaster might be related to the origin of the infection. Conclusion: Diagnosis of intraocular fungal infection can be challenging. Retinochoroidal biopsy may be useful to establish the diagnosis in those atypical cases with nonrevealing workup and inflammation localized to the retina.

Nitric oxide in upper airways inflammatory diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maniscalco ◽  
M. Sofia ◽  
G. Pelaia
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Airways

scholarly journals (P1-15) Russian Mobile Hospital Response to the Earthquake in Sumatra, Indonesia, October 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s103-s103 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Petlakh ◽  
N.V. Bojko ◽  
V.V. Demenko ◽  
A.S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Delivery Of Care ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Post Traumatic

IntroductionA destructive 7.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Sumatra Island of Indonesia on 30 September 2009. A Russian mobile hospital was implemented on 04 October in the village of Lupu-Alu, 20 km from the city of Padang.MethodThe mobile hospital consisted of 20 pneumo modules equipped with technical systems. Personnel included 9 engineers and 25 medical specialists comprised of surgeons, therapists, traumatologists, children's surgeons, a pediatrician, and anesthesiologists. An air-mobile hospital was equipped with modern medical equipment (X-ray, ultrasonic diagnostics, etc.). Work at the hospital was complicated by almost daily tropical rains. The language barrier was addressed by using local translators who spoke Russian or English languages.ResultsMedical aid was rendered to 479 patients. The intensive care department experienced the heaviest patient load (n = 11). Trauma (n = 54, 2%) and proinflammatory complications prevailed among surgical patients (n = 131). Treatment of bone fractures represented significant difficulties due to the late delivery of care. Of the 479 patients, 207 (43.2%) were children; among them, 49 (7%) had diseases of the upper airways, and 30 (4%) experienced trauma. Psychologists consulted with 52 children with post-traumatic stress syndrome. Telemedical consultations were conducted by the following specialists: (1) orthopedist (n = 2); (2) dermatologist (n = 2); (3) neurosurgeon (n = 1); and (4) plastic surgeon (n = 1).ConclusionsFollowing the earthquake, medical personnel at the Russian mobile hospital in Indonesia experienced: (1) a large number of outpatients with various diseases who lacked medical care as a result of the non-functioning network of local public health services; (2) the admission of the patients with complications of trauma; (3) a significant number of children with inflammatory diseases of the upper airways; and (4) an opportunity of use telemedical consultations.

scholarly journals Topical Ectoine: A Promising Molecule in the Upper Airways Inflammation—A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuele Casale ◽  
Antonio Moffa ◽  
Samanta Carbone ◽  
Francesca Fraccaroli ◽  
Andrea Costantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

To date, topical therapies guarantee a better delivery of high concentrations of pharmacologic agents to the mucosa of the upper airways (UA). Recently, topical administration of ectoine has just been recognized as adjuvant treatment in the Allergic Rhinitis (AR) and Rhinosinusitis (ARS). The aim of this work is to review the published literature regarding all the potential therapeutic effects of ectoine in the acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of UA. Pertinent studies published without temporal limitation were selected searching on MEDLINE the following terms: “ectoine” and “nasal spray,” “oral spray,” “upper respiratory tract infections,” “rhinosinusitis,” “rhinitis,” “rhinoconjunctivitis,” “pharyngitis,” and “laryngitis.” At the end of our selection process, six relevant publications were included: two studies about the effect of ectoine on AR, one study about ARS, one study about rhinitis sicca anterior, and two studies about acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis. Due to its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, topical administration of ectoine could play a potential additional role in treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of UA, in particular in the management of sinonasal conditions improving symptoms and endoscopic findings. However, these results should be viewed cautiously as they are based on a limited number of studies; some of them were probably underpowered because of their small patient samples.

scholarly journals . Full-scale testing of biologically active additive “Ivlaxinˮ in patients with acute inflammatory diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Евгения Лобач ◽  
Evgeniya Lobach ◽  
Андрей Вековцев ◽  
Andrey Vekovtsev ◽  
Дмитрий Никитюк ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Clinical tests were carried out in the representative group of patients with focal left-sided pneumonia (5 men and 7 women aged 18–41). Special-use product was included in in-patient department patients’ diet: 2 tablets in the first intake, then 1 tablet 4 times a day. Course of treatment was 21 days. Biologically active dietary supplement was prescribed together with general therapeutic treatment according to generally accepted standards of care. Control group included 15 patients randomized depending on sex and age who took only medicine. The author measured body temperature, studied the results of general blood tests, determined the level of C-reactive protein and seromucoids, performed R-graphy of lungs, electrocardiogram before and after treatment, analyzed clinical symptoms (cough, type of expectoration, shortness of breath). Composition of the special-use product was scientifically justified taking pharmacological characteristics of its ingredients and their active agents into account. Introduction of the biologically active dietary supplement in addition to the prescribed therapeutic treatment gave positive effect in relation to the inflammatory process: the patients could easier clear their throats from expectoration, coughed less frequently, and had less intense shortness of breath. It was evident that symptoms of disease recrudescence decreased. It appeared in the decreased intensity and length of fever. In case of acute respiratory viral infection the biologically active dietary supplement had antipyretic activity due to the anti-exudative effect of its ingredients. The author determined the anti-inflammatory effect and reduction of acute intoxication symptoms taking the results of general blood analysis into account. Patients who took special-use product had lower values of an inflammatory process marker – seromucoids. Tissues restored easily. The tested product has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. It can be used in complex treatment of acute inflammatory diseases and recrudescence of chronic inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Different types of tissue composition in inflammatory or reparative upper airway disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401
Author(s):  
L. De Coster ◽  
P. Eloy ◽  
L. Ferdinande ◽  
J. Taildeman ◽  
C.A. Cuvelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Collagen Type Iv ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Correlation Degree

Background: Composition changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) can lead to functional disorders of the upper airways (UA). The aim of this study was to systematically measure both the association patterns and the correlation degree between tissue composition parameters in UA inflammatory diseases. Methodology: Nasal samples were obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRS+NP), without nasal polyps (CRS), with post-operative adhesions (S) and normal nasal mucosa (NM). A reproducible semi-quantitative method, which takes epithelial and lamina propria damages into account was applied for haematoxylin and eosin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, reticulin, elastin, laminin and collagen type IV stainings. Results: The most severe cases of epithelial shedding have been found in a significant higher amount in CRS+NP when compared with NM. The most severe cases of inflammatory reaction were mainly found in CRS+NP. CRS+NP had significantly more severe cases of oedema than NM. Excluding elastin, networks in other ECM proteins were found modified in fibrotic fields but to a lesser extend in oedematous regions in all conditions. Conclusion: Although non specific, oedema in the lamina propria is a key-feature of CRS+NP, while fibrosis, massively present in CRS and S, affects profoundly the distribution of ECM proteins in these areas.

scholarly journals Microbial air contamination with air borne bacteria in the outdoor environment at Janakpurdham, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Ambu Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Seasonal Allergies ◽  
Very High

Background and Objectives: Bacteria can cause allergic asthma and seasonal allergies, diseases which are increasingly prevalent in developing nations. Allergic asthma is currently affecting millions of people in Nepal. Therefore, the objective of this study was designed to measure the bacterial load in outdoor air. Materials and Methods: Airborne outdoor bacteria were assessed during the spring season using conventional methods to investigate the enumeration of airborne microorganisms. This was determined by sampling air using the ‘settle plate technique’. The air samples were collected during the spring season (February-March) from 10 different areas of Janakpur. Counts of airborne bacteria were measured as CFUs collected by gravity onto Nutrients Agar plates. Samples were taken periodically over a period of 2 months of February and March 2017. Results: A total of 7,404 bacterial colonies were counted on 30 Petri plates that were exposed for 1 hour. The maximum number of colonies of bacteria was 412. Similarly, the least number of bacterial colonies was 32. Higher numbers of CFUs were found in the petri plates which were exposed for 1 hour in comparison to the petri plates which were exposed for 30 minutes. According to the measurement, 36.6% of total CFUs of bacteria were collected during morning hours, 28.4% during day time and 35% during evening hours. Also, the highest numbers of colonies of bacteria were found in the petri plates that were exposed in ward number 7 and the least number of bacterial colonies were obtained in ward number 9. Conclusion: The bacteriological quality of air in janakpur was very poor. Very high microbial load was found in the outdoor air in Janakpur. The microbial count was found higher in morning than the noon and evening.

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