scholarly journals Enteric nervous system with chronic mesenteric ischemia: experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Evgeniya S. Pimenova ◽  
Natal′ya S. Korchagina ◽  
Grigoriy A. Korolev ◽  
Dar′ya D. Zyuz′ko ◽  
Margarita S. Saakyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Normal Colon ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Enteric Ganglia ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Ischemic Segment

Introduction. The pathology of the enteric ganglia can lead to different diseases (Hirschsprungs, neuronal intestinal dysplasia, ganglioneuromatosis, and Chagasse). Causes of acquired dysganglionosis remained unclear. Some authors hypothesized that pathology of the enteral nervous system may be secondary to intestinal ischemia. Aim. To investigate the intestinal function and histological changes of the colon in rats with chronic ischemia. Materials and methods. A total of 20 Sprague Dawley rats underwent surgery (ligation of the terminal mesenteric vessels next to the descending colon). The appetite of animals were checked, and stool were collected after the procedure. Reoperation was performed after 7 (n = 1), 9 (n = 2), 12 (n = 2), 14 (n = 1), 21 (n = 1), 42 (n = 1), 53 (n = 1), and 62 (n = 1) days. The diameter of the colon and changes of the serosa were visualized. In the experimental group, two samples biopsy was performed (ischemic and normal colon). Results. Functional changes were observed in 90% of rats after the ligation of mesenteric vessels (constipation/impact, softening stool/diarrhea, and hemocolitis). Colonic stenosis of the ischemic area in 30% was detected. 70% animals have the intestinal dilatation above the ischemic segment (partial bowel obstruction). Necrosis of the ischemic colon was observed in 20%. Spontaneous fixation of the omentum to the ischemic segment was found in 40% animals. A microscopically inflamed infiltration of the mucosa in the ischemic zone (70%) and in normal colon (50%) was revealed in the ligation group. The number of the enteric ganglia decreased in the ischemic segment. Conclusion. Functional disorders (colitis and obstruction) and morphological changes (inflammation and ganglion cells pathology) were found in rats with chronic mesenteric ischemia.

scholarly journals Vascular abnormalities visualized by multislice computed tomography of the abdomen: accidental findings or immediate causes of pain syndrome? (topic review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
N. K. Arutiunova ◽  
L. V. Araslanova ◽  
V. A. Riabchenko ◽  
E. A. Pisarenko ◽  
E. I. Ter-Ananiants
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
First Choice

Abnormalities of the abdominal aorta branches may cause chronic mesenteric ischemia, progressive pathological changes of the internal organs in this setting, and chronic pain syndrome. The causes of chronic mesenteric ischemia may be divided into atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic. Atherosclerosis of the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta involves stenosis or occlusion. Other causes include fibromuscular dysplasia, vasculitis (Takayasu, segmental mediolytic arteriopathy), and median arcuate ligament syndrome. These syndromes, the pathogenesis of some of which remains controversial, lead to nonspecific complaints such as abdominal pain, weight loss, and others. Digital subtraction angiography or duplex ultrasound may provide hemodynamic information in cases of vascular disease in this area. However, multislice spiral computed tomography is in many cases the first choice because it allows for a comprehensive assessment of the state of blood vessels and associated morphological changes of internal organs. Structural changes accompanying these syndromes can also occur in patients who are undergoing a medical examination for other reasons. However, these syndromes should not be diagnosed solely on the basis of imaging; instead, the findings should be compared with the clinical presentation, which implies collaboration of radiologists and clinicians.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia: MDCT findings

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Schmitz Serpa ◽  
Adriano Tachibana ◽  
Ronaldo Hueb Baroni ◽  
Ricardo Aun ◽  
Marcelo Buarque Gusmão Funari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Mesenteric Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Bowel ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Bowel Segments

Mesenteric ischemia is caused by a reduction in mesenteric blood flow. It can be divided into acute and chronic, based upon the rapidity and the degree to which the blood flow is compromised. The authors retrospectively reviewed 22 cases of mesenteric ischemia, diagnosed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in our service, and confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up. The frequency of the diagnostic findings of chronic and acute mesenteric ischemia was evaluated. The improvement of three-dimensional (3D) MDCT allows accurate assessment of mesenteric vessels. Therefore, it demonstrates changes in ischemic bowel segments helpful in determining the primary cause of the disease, and can identify the complications in patients with acute and chronic mesenteric ischemia.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

scholarly journals Dopamine Transporter Genetic Reduction Induces Morpho-Functional Changes in the Enteric Nervous System

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Silvia Cerantola ◽  
Valentina Caputi ◽  
Gabriella Contarini ◽  
Maddalena Mereu ◽  
Antonella Bertazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Neurochemical Coding ◽  
The Impact

Antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics are indeed commonly used to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders, although the precise role of dopaminergic transmission in the gut is still unclear. Since dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in several brain disorders by modulating extracellular dopamine in the central nervous system, this study evaluated the impact of DAT genetic reduction on the morpho-functional integrity of mouse small intestine enteric nervous system (ENS). In DAT heterozygous (DAT+/−) and wild-type (DAT+/+) mice (14 ± 2 weeks) alterations in small intestinal contractility were evaluated by isometrical assessment of neuromuscular responses to receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli. Changes in ENS integrity were studied by real-time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations (). DAT genetic reduction resulted in a significant increase in dopamine-mediated effects, primarily via D1 receptor activation, as well as in reduced cholinergic response, sustained by tachykininergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA receptors. These functional anomalies were associated to architectural changes in the neurochemical coding and S100β immunoreactivity in small intestine myenteric plexus. Our study provides evidence that genetic-driven DAT defective activity determines anomalies in ENS architecture and neurochemical coding together with ileal dysmotility, highlighting the involvement of dopaminergic system in gut disorders, often associated to neurological conditions.

Chronic rejection causes early destruction of the intrinsic nervous system in rat intestinal transplants

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. G413-G421 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Heeckt ◽  
W. Halfter ◽  
W. H. Schraut ◽  
A. J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Rejection ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Diaphorase Activity ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Muscularis Externa

Chronic rejection is the major cause of late intestinal allograft dysfunction. We have previously shown that chronic rejection alters the muscularis externa of the graft. This study determined structural and functional changes to the enteric nerves during chronic rejection. Chronic rejection was achieved in orthotopic intestinal transplants (ACI to Lewis) by limited immunosuppression. Syngeneic transplants (ACI to ACI) and unoperated ACI rats served as controls. Animals were clinically healthy and showed no significant alterations in the mucosal architecture on postoperative day 90. Staining for NADPH diaphorase activity (nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons) and with neurofilament antibody RT-97 revealed that chronic rejection decreased the number of jejunal myenteric ganglia by approximately 50%. Inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) to circular muscle cells were determined by electrical field stimulation (EFS). In controls and syngeneic grafts, EFS caused a stimulus-dependent increase in IJP amplitude, with a maximal amplitude of 9 +/- 0.4 and 10 +/- 0.8 mV, respectively. Chronic rejection in allografts markedly increased the threshold for IJP initiation and decreased the maximal IJP amplitude (5 +/- 0.8 mV). Our data indicate that chronic rejection severely damages the muscularis and the enteric nervous system before mucosal changes become evident.

scholarly journals Multicenter Experience With Retrograde Open Mesenteric Artery Stenting via Laparotomy for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Almeida Coelho Macedo ◽  
Gustavo S. Oderich ◽  
Kalra Manju ◽  
David Stone ◽  
Edward Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
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