Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

scholarly journals Standardised Models for Inducing Experimental Peritoneal Adhesions in Female Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Kraemer ◽  
Christian Wallwiener ◽  
Taufiek K. Rajab ◽  
Christoph Brochhausen ◽  
Markus Wallwiener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Peritoneum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Peritoneal Adhesions ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Animal models for adhesion induction are heterogeneous and often poorly described. We compare and discuss different models to induce peritoneal adhesions in a randomized, experimental in vivo animal study with 72 female Wistar rats. Six different standardized techniques for peritoneal trauma were used: brushing of peritoneal sidewall and uterine horns (group 1), brushing of parietal peritoneum only (group 2), sharp excision of parietal peritoneum closed with interrupted sutures (group 3), ischemic buttons by grasping the parietal peritoneum and ligating the base with Vicryl suture (group 4), bipolar electrocoagulation of the peritoneum (group 5), and traumatisation by electrocoagulation followed by closure of the resulting peritoneal defect using Vicryl sutures (group 6). Upon second look, there were significant differences in the adhesion incidence between the groups (P<0.01). Analysis of the fraction of adhesions showed that groups 2 (0%) and 5 (4%) were significantly less than the other groups (P<0.01). Furthermore, group 6 (69%) was significantly higher than group 1 (48%) (P<0.05) and group 4 (47%) (P<0.05). There was no difference between group 3 (60%) and group 6 (P=0.2). From a clinical viewpoint, comparison of different electrocoagulation modes and pharmaceutical adhesion barriers is possible with standardised models.

410 ENHANCED OVARIAN RESPONSE TO LOW-DOSE TREATMENT WITH EQUINE PITUITARY EXTRACT IN MARES

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Gimenes ◽  
F. S. Ignacio ◽  
A. L. N. Boff ◽  
D. R. Bergfelt ◽  
C. Meira
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Development ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Pituitary Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control

The present study aimed to evaluate the ovarian response to relatively low doses of equine pituitary extract (EPE) involving 40 estrous cycles in 15 horse mares. The mares were Mangalarga Marchador and ranged in age from 5 to 24 years. Transrectal ultrasonography was used at 24-h intervals to monitor follicular development and to detect ovulations (Day 0). On Day 8, all mares received 7.5 mg i.m. of dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse®, Pfizer, Paulínia, Brasil) and were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups as follows: Groups 1 and 2 (n = 8 cycles/group) received 6 mg of EPE i.m. twice daily, beginning when the largest follicle was 20 to 23 mm (Group 1) or regardless of follicle size on Day 8 (Group 2); Groups 3 and 4 (n = 8 cycles/group) received 8 mg of EPE i.m. twice daily, beginning when the largest follicle was 20 to 23 mm (Group 3) or regardless of follicle size on Day 8 (Group 4); Group 5 (control; n = 8 cycles) received saline i.m. starting on Day 8. Treatments with EPE or saline continued until the largest follicle reached ≥35 mm, at which time a single dose of hCG (2500 IU i.v. Vetecor®, Hertape Calier Saúde Animal S/A, Juatuba, Brasil) was given. Groups were compared using ANOVA and mean differences among groups were located with ScottKnott test. There was an effect of group (P < 0.05) for number of follicles >30 mm, ovulations, and days of treatment as indicated in the table. In conclusion, starting EPE treatment with 8 mg (16 mg day-1) when the largest follicle reached 20 to 23 mm (Group 3) was the most effective for enhancing the number of >30 mm follicles and ovulations with minimal days of treatment. Table 1. FAPESP and JM Farm for funding the project.

scholarly journals Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation with Radial Firing Tips onCandida albicansin Experimentally Infected Root Canals

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leman Ozkan ◽  
Serap Cetiner ◽  
Tamer Sanlidag
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Irradiation Effect ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To compare the disinfection effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser using radial firing tips with NaOCI in root canals infected withC. albicansand to evaluate the irradiation effect on the dentinal surfaces.Material and Methods. In total seventy-six mandibular premolar teeth were used. In order to standardize the incubation and sterilization procedure, eight teeth were used. Sixty-eight of the root canals were incubated withC. albicanssuspension for 72 hours. The specimens were divided into 5 experimental groups. Two groups were constituted as Group 1 was irradiated with 1.5 W laser (n=8) and group 2, which was irradiated with 2 W laser (n=8). Two more groups were formed as Group 3 (2 W laser (n=25) and Group 4 NaOCI (5%) (n=25). Group 5 (n=2) did not receive any treatment. Mann-WhitneyUand Kruskal-WallisHtests were used to compare the different laser output powers. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used in order to compare theCandidacfu/ml levels according to treatment protocols (P<0.05).Results. Both 1.5 W and 2 W laser resulted in a major reduction ofC. albicanswithout a significant difference. The comparison of the dentin surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser at two power settings resulted in similar morphological changes. However, NaOCI was found to be more effective in reduction ofC. albicansthan 2 W laser application.Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with radial firing tips presented less antifungal effects onC. albicansin root canals of infected teeth than NaOCl solution.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Leptin on Liver Damage in Case of Hepatic Injury Associated with Paracetamol Poisoning

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Polat ◽  
Serkan Cerrah ◽  
Bulent Albayrak ◽  
Serkan Ipek ◽  
Mahmut Arabul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Paracetamol Poisoning ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background Aim. In case of high-dose acetaminophen intake, the active metabolite can not bind to the glutathione, thereby inducing cellular necrosis through binding to the cytosol proteins. This trial was performed to histologically and biochemically investigate whether leptin was protective against liver damage induced by paracetamol at toxic doses.Material and Method. In our trial, 30 female rats, divided into 5 groups, were used. IP leptin administration was performed after an hour in the group of rats, in which paracetamol poisoning was induced. The groups were as follows: Group 1: the control group, Group 2: 20 µg/kg leptin, Group 3: 2 g/kg paracetamol, Group 4: 2 g/kg paracetamol + 10 µg/kg leptin, and Group 5: 2 g/kg paracetamol + 20 µg/kg leptin.Results. The most significant increase was observed in the PARA 2 g/kg group, while the best improvement among the treatment groups occurred in the PARA 2 g/kg + LEP 10 µg/kg group (p< 0.05). While the most significant glutathione (GSH) reduction was observed in the PARA 2 g/kg group, the best improvement was in the PARA 2 g/kg + LEP 10 µg/kg group (p< 0.05).Conclusion. Liver damage occurring upon paracetamol poisoning manifests with hepatocyte breakdown occurring as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress. Leptin can prevent this damage thanks to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MESHOKO CERAMICS

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
S.M. OSTASHINSKIJ ◽  
◽  
M.A. KULKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Biogenic Carbonates ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Carbonate Composition

The article presents the results of petrographic analysis of the ceramics of the Chalcolithic settlement of Meshoko. A total of 42 fragments were examined (see appendix), 10 of which belong to the upper part of the monument's sediments (layers 1 and 2a; Fig. 1), 20 refer to the middle part of the sediments (layer 2b; Fig. 2), 12 – to the lower part (layer 3; Fig. 3). Based on the analysis, 5 groups of ceramics were identified (Fig. 4). Group 1 consists of fragments with an admixture of limestone, group 2 – with an admixture of diorite, group 3 – with an admixture of biogenic carbonates and sand, group 4 – with an admixture of calcite, group 5 – with an admixture of diorite and chamotte. Clays of smectite composition predominate in groups 1 and 2, while clays of smectite-carbonate composition predominate in groups 3 and 4. Comparison of these groups with stratigraphy revealed that most of the ceramics of groups 3 and 4 are confined to the lower layer, and groups 1 and 2 to the middle and upper layer (Table 1). In addition, the ceramics of these layers differ in the nature of the external surface treatment. Significant changes in the technology of making ceramics during the transition from the lower layer to the middle layer allow us to assume corresponding changes in the composition of the population.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of medical treatment in overcoming the ureteral double-J stent related symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Kuyumcuoglu ◽  
Bilal Eryildirim ◽  
Murat Tuncer ◽  
Gokhan Faydaci ◽  
Fatih Tarhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Double J Stent ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Stone Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: We investigated whether the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increased in patients in whom double-J stents were applied. We also evaluated several medical therapy protocols to treat symptoms related with ureteral stents.Materials and Methods: A total of 108 patients, in whom unilateral double-j stent was applied during ureteral stone treatment, were included. Before the double-J stent was applied, all patients completed storage components of the “International Prostate Symptom Score” (IPSSs), quality of life components of the IPSS (IPSS-QOL) and “Overactive Bladder Questionnaire” (OABq) forms and scores were calculated. After the procedure, cases were randomized into 5 groups, an antiinflammatory was given to Group 1, spasmolytic to Group 2, anticholinergic to Group 3 and α-blocker to Group 4. No additional drug was given to Group 5 as this control group. During the fourth week of the procedure, IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq forms were again completed and scores were compared with the previous ones.Results: When all the cases were evaluated, the IPSSs, IPSS-QOLand OABq scores of patients in whom the double-J stent was applied were statistically significantly higher the procedure. Compared to the control group, the cases where the double-J stent was applied showed a higher IPSSs, IPSS-QOL and OABq scores and none of the medical therapies could prevent this increase.Interpretation: The frequency of LUTS increased in cases where the ureteral stent was applied and discomfort continued as long as the stent stayed in the body.

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