scholarly journals Reducing radiation exposure in newborns with birth head trauma

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Irina A. Kriukova ◽  
Evgeniy Y. Kriukov ◽  
Danil A. Kozyrev ◽  
Semen A. Sotniкov ◽  
Dmitriy A. Iova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background. Birth head trauma causing intracranial injury is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In case of suspected cranial fractures and intracranial hematomas, diagnostic methods involving radiation, such as x-ray radiography and computed tomography, are recommended. Recently, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the risk of cancer complications associated with computed tomography in infants. Therefore, diagnostic methods that reduce radiation exposure in neonates are important. One such method is ultrasonography (US). Aim. We evaluated US as a non-ionizing radiation method for diagnosis of cranial bone fractures and epidural hematomas in newborns with cephalohematomas or other birth head traumas. Material and methods. The study group included 449 newborns with the most common variant of birth head trauma: cephalohematomas. All newborns underwent transcranial-transfontanelle US for detection of intracranial changes and cranial US for visualization of bone structure in the cephalohematoma region. Children with ultrasonic signs of cranial fractures and epidural hematomas were further examined at a children’s hospital by x-ray radiography and/or computed tomography. Results and discussion. We found that cranial US for diagnosis of cranial fractures and transcranial-transfontanelle US for diagnosis of epidural hematomas in newborns were highly effective. In newborns with parietal cephalohematomas (444 children), 17 (3.8%) had US signs of linear fracture of the parietal bone, and 5 (1.1%) had signs of ipsilateral epidural hematoma. Epidural hematomas were visualized only when US was performed through the temporal bone and not by using the transfontanelle approach. Sixteen cases of linear fractures and all epidural hematomas were confirmed by computed tomography. Conclusion. The use of US diagnostic methods reduced radiation exposure in newborns with birth head trauma. US methods (transcranial-transfontanelle and cranial) can be used in screening for diagnosis and personalized monitoring of changes in birth head trauma as well as to reduce radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Effective Techniques to Reduce Radiation Exposure to Medical Staff during Assist of X-ray Computed Tomography Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Miyajima ◽  
Toshioh Fujibuchi ◽  
Yusuke Miyachi ◽  
Satoshi Tateishi ◽  
Yoshinori Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Ray Computed

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

Pediatric Minor Head Trauma: Factors Affecting the Anxiety of Parents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110096
Author(s):  
Hasan Aldinc ◽  
Cem Gun ◽  
Serpil Yaylaci ◽  
Erol Barbur
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Minor Head Trauma ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray

Managing the anxiety of the parents of pediatric patients with head trauma is challenging. This study aimed to examine the factors that affect anxiety levels of parents whose children were admitted to the emergency department with minor head trauma. In this prospective study, the parents of 663 consecutive pediatric patients were invited to answer a questionnaire. Parents of 600 children participated in the study. The parents who believed they were provided sufficient information and who were satisfied with the service received had significantly more improvement in anxiety-related questions. Cranial X-ray assessment had a significantly positive impact on the anxiety of the parents, whereas cranial computed tomography and neurosurgery consultation did not. In assessing pediatric minor head trauma, cranial computed tomography imaging and neurosurgery consultation should not be expected to relieve the anxiety of the parents. However, adequately informing them and providing satisfaction are the factors that could lead to improvement.

Can a CT be Omitted in Pediatric Minor Head Trauma?

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-007
Author(s):  
Maria Sinzig ◽  
Eveline Achatz ◽  
Günter Fasching ◽  
Christoph Arneitz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Minor Head Trauma ◽  
Pediatric Ct ◽  
Ct Protocol ◽  
In Infants And Children

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the need for radiation exposure in pediatric minor head trauma. Symptomatic patients after minor head trauma were observed for at least 24 hours in a 13-month period. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed on children with a depressed neurological status. Two hundred fourteen patients with a mean age of 9.3 years were included. An intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was diagnosed in three (1.4%) patients. The overall CT rate was 10.7%. The study concluded that neuro-observation without initial CT scans is safe in infants and children following minor head trauma. Special pediatric CT protocol can limit radiation exposure.

Marine spongin incorporation into Biosilicate® for tissue engineering applications: An in vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Risso Parisi ◽  
Kelly Rossetti Fernandes ◽  
Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do Vale ◽  
Alan de França Santana ◽  
Matheus de Almeida Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Surgery

Biomaterials and bone grafts, with the ability of stimulating tissue growth and bone consolidation, have been emerging as very promising strategies to treat bone fractures. Despite its well-known positive effects of biosilicate (BS) on osteogenesis, its use as bone grafts in critical situations such as bone defects of high dimensions or in non-consolidated fractures may not be sufficient to stimulate tissue repair. Consequently, several approaches have been explored to improve the bioactivity of BS. A promising strategy to reach this aim is the inclusion of an organic part, such as collagen, in order to mimic bone structure. Thus, the present study investigated the biological effects of marine spongin (SPG)-enriched BS composites on the process of healing, using a critical experimental model of cranial bone defect in rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analyzes were performed after two and six weeks of implantation to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair (supplemental material-graphical abstract). Histological analysis demonstrated that for both BS and BS/SPG, similar findings were observed, with signs of material degradation, the presence of granulation tissue along the defect area and newly formed bone into the area of the defect. Additionally, histomorphometry showed that the control group presented higher values for Ob.S/BS (%) and for N.Ob/T.Ar (mm2) (six weeks post-surgery) compared to BS/SPG and higher values of N.Ob/T.Ar (mm2) compared to BS (two weeks post-surgery). Moreover, BS showed higher values for OV/TV (%) compared to BS/SPG (six weeks post-surgery). Also, VEGF immunohistochemistry was increased for BS (two weeks post-surgery) and for BS/SPG (six weeks) compared to CG. TGFb immunostaining was higher for BS compared to CG. The results of this study demonstrated that the BS and BS/SPG scaffolds were biocompatible and able to support bone formation in a critical bone defect in rats. Moreover, an increased VEGF immunostaining was observed in BS/SPG.

scholarly journals Radiation Exposure Associated With Computed Tomography in Childhood and the Subsequent Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932582092382
Author(s):  
Ruixue Huang ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
Li He ◽  
Ping-Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ct Radiation ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is used worldwide; however, recent studies suggest that CT radiation exposure during childhood may be a risk factor for cancer, although the data are inconsistent. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, SpringerLink, Embase, Cochrane Library, Elsevier/ScienceDirect, Medline, Orbis, and Web of Science databases from January 1990 to November 2018 for observational epidemiologic studies reporting associations between radiation exposure from CT in childhood and the subsequent risk of cancer was conducted. A linear model was used to explore the dose–response relationship. Results: Seven studies with 1180 987 children enrolled were included. The risk of later cancer was 1.32-fold higher for children exposed to CT than those without exposure. Compared to those not exposed to pediatric CT, the relative risk (RRs) were larger for the higher doses but with wider CIs (RR for 5-10 mGy: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.69-1.12; RR for 10-15 mGy: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.86-1.18; RR for >15 mGy: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97-1.30), the leukemia risk was higher in exposed children (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.36), and brain cancer risk was higher in exposed children (RR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.84-2.45). Conclusions: Our analysis suggested that radiation exposure from CT during childhood is associated with a subsequently elevated risk of cancer. However, caution is needed when interpreting these results because of the heterogeneity among the studies. The findings should be confirmed in further studies with longer follow-up periods.

Portable Tracked Ultrasound System to Monitor Spinal Curvature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Hess
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Tracked Ultrasound ◽  
Curvature Measurements ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ntroduction: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most frequent spinal deformation. It is assessed by frequent x-ray imaging, exposing patients to frequent radiation, increasing the risk of cancer. Tracked ultrasound imaging produce a three-dimensional visual of the spine without risk. We proposed using an optically tracked handheld USB Interson ultrasound probe, which is much less expensive than the current standard ultrasounds. Methods: A practical setup was developed for scoliosis monitoring. Reference markers were on the patient’s shoulder and the wall to account for patient motion, and simulate the plane of the x-ray detector to allow future comparisons. The optical tracker tracked the markers and ultrasound probe. This was compared to the electromagnetically tracked non-portable Ultrasonix ultrasound. Scanning captured the thoracic and lumbar regions. A three-dimensional image was composited by stacking a series of two-dimensional ultrasound slices in their tracked physical positions. To compare the two-ultrasound setups and ensure the ease of identification, a novice attempted to manually identify transverse processes. These were compared to see if all transverse processes scanned could be marked from both ultrasound setups. Two clinical experts then confirmed the markings were anatomically correct. Results and Conclusions: In all scans 100% of the transverse processes scanned (n = 51) were identified in Interson and Ultrasonix images. Curvatures measured using the Ultrasonix method have been previously validated to curvature measurements from x-ray images. Thus the 100% correspondence of the Interson and Ultrasonix setups indicates this inexpensive method is a promising tool to reduce radiation exposure during scoliosis monitoring.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document