scholarly journals The nobility of Simbirsk Governorate at the end of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Alsu Shamilievna Aizatullova ◽  
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The 19Th Century

The goal of the paper is to analyze the socio-economic situation of the Simbirsk Governorate nobility in the late 18th - first half of the 19th century. The authors have characterized the dynamics of the number of nobles in Simbirsk Governorate (in comparison with indicators of Kazan Governorate and the Penza Governorate). The nobility is divided into two groups - hereditary and personal. The authors reveal the position of both groups in the structure of the estate in Simbirsk Governorate and other Middle Volga governorates and trace the dynamics of this indicator. It is noted that hereditary nobility prevailed in Simbirsk Governorate during the study period, although its specific gravity decreased. Another trend was the bureaucracy. The authors have shown the heterogeneity of the nobility in the region in terms of soul ownership (stratification by this criterion is the most justified). Within the studied class, the highest, middle and lower strata are distinguished. The analysis of the highest stratum composition made it possible for the authors to identify the nobles who were distinguished by the highest level of well-being (P.I. Myatleva, V.P. Orlov-Davydov, A.M. Potemkin, A.S. Urusova, the Rodionovs). The authors come to the conclusion that there was a distribution of landlord estates pledge and their auctioning in the first half of the 19th century. This should be considered evidence of the impoverishment of the nobility on the eve of the Emancipation Reform.

Traditions of Guardianship and Charity through Organization of District Libraries

2010 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with not well studied problem of the class societies’ participation in the development of librarianship in the chief towns of the Middle Volga Region. In the second half of the 19th century the initiative of libraries’ opening often come from the citizens. They created the trustee committees, whose members served the librarianship for free, donated books, money, and actively participated in the organizing of charitable performances.

scholarly journals Marginal Architecture [How will we live together?] - a process under construction…

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bordalo ◽  
◽  
Ana paula Rainha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structuring Element ◽  
The World ◽  
Structural Contribution ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Housing Units ◽  
Health Parameters

The organization of territory and cities is a structuring element for the management of epidemic crises. The existence of basic sanitary structures is, nowadays, an acquired and determined factor for the healthiness of territories, as well as for the structural contribution to the well-being of the populations. Since the 19th century epidemic crises established health parameters for Architecture and Urbanism, which are still a reference today. Almost after one hundred years, where the questions of salubrity were supposed to be consolidated, we find that, suddenly, without advice, new alarm bells rings: we found that the world was not prepared to be closed in its “housing units”. Assuming Portimão as an urban laboratory and as a waterfront city, we will present the process developed for studies, searching for proposals witch solutions look for a contemporary assignment, which imposes to Architecture a principle settled on options of sustainability, impermanence, reuse and recycling.

The Harvard University Library: A National Resource

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Space Problem ◽  
University Library ◽  
University Archives ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
National Resource

Harvard University is a decentralized university, with each of its nine faculties basically responsible for its own financial well-being. The library operates within the framework of this decentralization. The term ‘Harvard University Library’ therefore has two different meanings. In one seise it refers to those who are responsible for carrying out certain functions where coordination is required. Specifically, the University Library provides a unified catalogue for the c.90 library units throughout the university. It also manages the Harvard Depository, which helps to ease the space problem, and provides certain preservation services to the decentralized libraries. The Harvard University Archives is a University Library institution, and there are also University Library functions in the areas of personnel and publications. The decentralized library system began to be developed in the 19th century. Not only do the libraries not share common funding or administration; they have varied purposes and types of reader. Short-term access for outsiders is possible in almost all of the libraries. A distinguishing feature of the library is its international collections, whose development began to be emphasized at the very aid of the 19th century. The library's digital initiatives are largely aimed at providing better service to the library's readers.

Socio-Economic Situation in Russia in the 19th-Early 20th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ershov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Industrial Groups ◽  
First World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

This chapter discusses the processes of capitalization of Russia in the 19th century. It is shown that during the period of imperialism, quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the composition and position of the Russian bourgeoisie. The economic face of the Russian bourgeoisie, as well as the bourgeoisie of other developed capitalist countries, revealed the most advanced forms of capital organization. But the structure of the upper strata of the Russian bourgeoisie was different from the Western European segment. Before the First World War, two types of Russian capitalists were distinguished, both in origin and in the form of exploitation and organization of capital. During the period of imperialism, Moscow gradually became monopolistic. The Moscow capitalist elite has not yet become a financial oligarchy, it has not created large corporations, and financial and industrial groups.

P. R. Brahmananda. Money, Income, Prices in 19th Century India. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House, 2001. 744 pages. Hardbound. Indian Rs 1800.00.

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Husain
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Money Income ◽  
Present Book ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Money, income, and prices are important macroeconomic variables that play a crucial roles in an economy. The trends in money supply, movements in prices, changes in nominal and real income, as well as their interrelationships affect the economic life and well-being of a nation. The compilation of data on these magnitudes over long periods of time along with the supporting analysis is what constitutes monetary history. The present book by P. R. Brahmananda has carried out such an exercise for India. In presenting the monetary history of India, the author has kept the pioneering work of Milton Friedman and Anna Shwartz as a model for his work, and has comprehensively treated the 19th century events and experiences of the then Indian Subcontinent in the monetary and related areas. In the process, more than 200 time series of different variables have been brought together. The book not only contains a narrative account including the summary of the various viewpoints before the currency committees, and a detailed chronology of the period, but also examines the pros and cons of the various controversies of that period. Moreover, it subjects the empirical evidence to econometric testing of several important hypotheses of the modern-day monetary theory.

scholarly journals Kolberg’s opinions on changes in the choice of instruments in 19th century folk music

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Jerzy Przerembski
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
Musical Background ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Choice Of Instruments

Abstract In the second half of the 19th century, when Oskar Kolberg conducted his folkloristic and ethnographic work, folk song and music were still alive and, to a great extent, functioned in their natural culture context. However, already at that time, and especially in the last decades of the century, gradual changes were taking place within folk tradition. Those changes were brought about by industrialization and factors in the development of urban civilization, which varied in intensity depending on the region. Folk music was also influenced by those changes and they themselves were further fuelled by the final (third) Partition of Poland by Austria, Prussia and Russia, declared in 1795 and lasting till the end of World War I. Oskar Kolberg noticed and described changes in the musical landscape of villages and little towns of the former Polish Republic in the 19th century, as well as in the choice of instruments. To be quite precise, musical instruments are not featured as a separate subject of his research, but various references, though scattered, are quite numerous, and are presented against a social, cultural and musical background, which provides an opportunity to draw certain conclusions concerning folk music instrumental practice. However, changes in the makeup of folk music ensembles resulted in the disappearance of traditional instruments, which were being replaced by the newer, factory-produced ones. This process worried Kolberg and he noticed its symptoms also in a wider, European context, where bagpipes or dulcimers were being supplanted not only by “itinerant orchestras” but also by barrel organs or even violins. Writing about our country, Poland, he combined a positive opinion on the subject of improvised and expressive performance of folk violinists with a negative one on clarinet players and mechanical instruments. Summing up, the musical landscape of Polish villages and both small and larger towns was definitely influenced in the 19th century by the symptoms of phenomena which much later acquired a wider dimension and were defined as globalization and commercialization. Sensing them, Oskar Kolberg viewed the well-being of the traditional culture heritage with apprehension.

scholarly journals MOSCOW’S INFLUENCE IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF RURAL CLASSICAL CHURCHES IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Elena V. PONOMARENKO
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The 19Th Century

A study done at the expense of the State program of the Russian Federation “Science and technology” in the framework of the plan of basic scientifi c research Ministry of Russia and the RUSSIAN. In the article, an att empt has been made to the analysis of a wide range of issues related to the formation of the rural architecture of Orthodox churches in the territory of the Middle Volga region in the 19th century. Considered layout, composition and stylistic features of the architecture of Orthodox churches in the region. Peculiarities of regional religious architecture of the Middle Volga region. Provides extensive material fi eld surveys.

scholarly journals Interregional comparative characteristics of the national composition of the population of the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals of the second half of the 19th century.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper presents a comparative analysis and characteristics of the social and everyday life of the peoples who inhabited the regions from 1867 to the end of the 19th century. Russian population in the provinces of the Middle Volga region had a larger share than in the Southern Urals, but the overall percentage of the Russian population decreased in the Middle Volga region, which is caused by a weak influx of Russians from the central part of Russia, the outflow of this part of the population to other parts of the country, the migration process of non-Russian peoples to the Middle Volga, the difference in the birth rate of representatives of the peoples. The population of the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals by the end of the 19th century was distinguished by an exclusively multinational composition, which was due to the historical features of the settlement of the peoples of Russia, the socio-economic conditions of the development of the provinces and the migration processes (what exactly). Provincial cities were places of concentration of a more diverse population in national terms, in contrast to the inhabitants of counties and volosts, and centers of intensive interethnic contacts.

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