scholarly journals Dwellings of the Elshan Early Neolithic culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Konstantin M. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Late Stages

Dwelling is the most important source, revealing the details of social structure, economy, technical traditions and is of key importance for understanding society. Only a limited number of dwelling complexes which can be reliably interpreted as early Neolithic and classified as the Elshan culture have been identified. Moreover, the cultural and chronological attribution of some interpreted as early Neolithic dwellings, in our opinion, is not sufficiently reasoned. In this paper data on all Elshan residential buildings is combined and a brief interpretation is given, as well as some of the previously mentioned provisions are disclosed in more detail. To the early Neolithic in the forest-steppe Volga region, with a high degree of probability, only dwellings identified on the sites of Vyunovo ozero I, Imerka VII and Utyuzh I, with certain reservations, the dwelling of the Lugovoe III site, with the same reservations, the residential structure investigated at the Lebyazhinka IV site, can be classified with a high probability. Most likely, it belongs to the developed and late Neolithic of the region. In general, the dwellings of the Elshan culture were light frame structures, slightly deepened into the mainland, such as a hut, without a visible system in the location of pillar holes. Probably, but not doubtfully, the area of residential buildings of the Elshan culture increased from early to late stages of its development. In connection with the specific life support model of the Elshan population, which implied a systematic change of place of residence, they functioned for a short time. Judging by the available data, the use of a limited number of dishes (13 vessels) is associated with a period of Elshan population residence in one place, and, therefore, settlements with relatively large collections of ceramics were most likely visited many times by the Neolithic population.

scholarly journals The Late Neolithic of Trans-Urals: Poludenka issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Transitional Stage ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Geographical Factor ◽  
Late Stages

The paper examines the Poludenka discourse in the context of historiography and modern research practices. It analyzes changes in attributive characteristics and essential interpretation of Poludenka ceramics (culture, traditions) and the associated empirical and theoretical difficulties. It is noted that the problem of typological criteria is associated with the periodization paradigm the use of three- or two-stage periodization, which includes or excludes a transitional stage in the material culture of the Trans-Urals Neolithic between the early and late stages of development. The issue of the genesis of the Poludenka tradition and foreign cultural influence, as well as its local isolation on the southern periphery of culture, is also considered. It is assumed that the ornamental originality of the Poludenka pottery in the forest-steppe Pre-Tobol Region is associated with the interaction of the Trans-Urals population at the end of the Early Neolithic with the bearers of the Makhanjar tradition; emphasizes the participation of the Koshkino component in the Poludenka tradition creation at the previous stage. As a solution, it is proposed to return to the notion of a transitional stage between the Early and Late Neolithic, probably at the interval that coincides with the period of coexistence of all traditions, using the established term Kozlovo-Poludenka; the author also notes the perspective of material complexes analysis taking into account the geographical factor.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF LOWER AND MIDDLE VOLGA POPULATION INTERACTION IN NEOLITHIC AGE

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mihailovich Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Population Interaction

The article analyses the problem of different Neolitization origins in specified regions. In early Neolithic Age the contacts had a small coverage. Wide-ranging penetration of Lower Volga pin- scratched pottery ornamentation tradition carriers into forest steppe refers to VI and V centuries BC. It was caused by natural and climatic reasons. Up to the late Neolithic Age the influence was one-way - from south to north.

scholarly journals Novoilyinskaya culture sites of the Lower Kama region: current state of the research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-199
Author(s):  
Viktor Vladimirovich Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Current State ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Clear Idea

The paper deals with the analysis of the Novoilyinskaya culture sites existed in the Lower Kama region between the Kama Neolithic culture collapse and the Copper Age cultures with porous (shell tempered) ceramics appearance. The analysis of the ceramic complex of the Novoilyinskaya culture shows its similarity with the comb ornamented pottery of the Kama Neolithic culture according to a number of indicators. A lack of clear data on stratigraphy and spatial distribution of finds as well as a small series of absolute dates do not give a clear idea of the formation time and the development of the Novoilyinskaya culture. Currently available data show that the Samara collar (Ivanovskaya) traditions disappeared until the last quarter of the 5th Millennium cal BC. Specific ceramics of the Neolithic-type shape is formed in the Lower Kama region. At the same time the Novoilyinskaya culture ceramics of the Ik and Belaya Rivers interfluve has some features which are the reminiscences of the Levshinskaya stage which are not characteristic for the Middle and Upper Kama region. These features are: thickening on the inner side of the rim; rows of pits and bulges (formed by pits imprinted from the inner side) under the rim; closed forms of the pots and an ornamentation - stepping comb impressions. The proximity of the ceramic complexes of the Novoilyinskaya culture sites to the Late Neolithic ceramics of the Kama culture as well as the radiocarbon dates and the absence of the metalworking evidences prove the functioning of the Novoilyinskaya culture sites of the Lower Kama region during the border of the Stone Age and the period of Early Metals. Another important question is - which southern components took part in the formation of the Novoilyinskaya type or influenced it. Researchers of the forest-steppe Copper Age cultures supposed that in the process of forest Copper Age cultures formation - the Garin and Bor cultures as well as the Middle Volga variant of the Volosovo culture - the Tok and even Altata elements took part. In our opinion, the influence of the Tok traditions is already clearly visible on the Novoilyinskaya culture ceramics. This conclusion is supported by the ⁴C dates which established the synchronicity of the Tok and Novoilyinskaya sites.

scholarly journals The ratio of the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region according to radiocarbon dating

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Anatoly Vladimirovich Somov ◽  
Anton Aleksandrovich Shalapinin
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Internal Edge ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Genetic Continuity ◽  
The Absolute

The following paper provides a database of radiocarbon dating, which was obtained from the Srednevolzhskaya archaeological culture of the developed and late Neolithic, as well as on the Eneolithic materials of the forest-steppe Volga region. The key issue is the chronological ratio of the melon complexes, which is considered through the construction of graphs of the sums of calibrated radiocarbon dates. Verification of previously obtained definitions was carried out with the ratio of the absolute chronology of adjacent regions. As a result of definitions study for C14, the range of the Srednevolzhskaya Neolithic culture and the Eneolithic complexes coexistence was revealed, which begins with 5050 BC with a probability of 68,2% or 5250 BC with a probability of 95,4% and ends with 3900 BC (68,2%) or 4000 BC (95,4%). The results of radiocarbon dating confirm the genetic continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic complexes of the forest-steppe Volga region. In the light of data on the absolute chronology, the assumption of continuity between the Neolithic and Eneolithic can be extended to the basin of the Sok River, where there is a closure of a chronological range of comb Neolithic complexes and aneolithic materials of the Chekalinskiy type. The chronological interval of the late Neolithic ceramics partially coincides with the time of the existence of Tokskiy materials, as well as with the Gundorovskiy type and with an internal edge ceramics.

scholarly journals Traces of Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Social Ties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Cultural Genesis ◽  
Neolithic Cultures

The paper summarizes all currently known source data on the Neolithic Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe Tobol region. Both scattered archival data - materials from Ubagan 2,3,5, Ust-Suerka 4 and several others - and the results of new archaeological works on such settlements as Kochegarovo 1 and Tashkovo 1 are published, which allows a significant expansion of the periphery of the Mahanjar culture to the north boundaries of the forest-steppe zone of the Tobol region. The western boundary of the periphery requires further work. The author traced geographical dependence in the distribution of materials in the composition of monuments with other Neolithic cultures. Based on the available absolute dates and the fixation of some facts of ceramics stratification, conclusions are drawn about the coexistence of Mahanjar complexes in the Tobol region with carriers of early Neolithic - Kozlovskaya and Koshkinskaya - and Late Neolithic - Poludenskaya and Boborykinskaya ceramic traditions from the end of early Neolithic to the mid of late Neolithic. It is assumed that the spread of the Mahanjar culture in the forest-steppe zone proceeded by including its carriers among the local inhabitants through social ties. The inclusion of the Mahanjar antiquities of the forest-steppe Tobol region in the corpus of sources allows us to expand our understanding of cultural genesis and migrations at the end of the early Neolithic.

scholarly journals Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fregel ◽  
Fernando L. Méndez ◽  
Youssef Bokbot ◽  
Dimas Martín-Socas ◽  
María D. Camalich-Massieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
North African ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Demic Diffusion

ABSTRACTThe extent to which prehistoric migrations of farmers influenced the genetic pool of western North Africans remains unclear. Archaeological evidence suggests the Neolithization process may have happened through the adoption of innovations by local Epipaleolithic communities, or by demic diffusion from the Eastern Mediterranean shores or Iberia. Here, we present the first analysis of individuals’ genome sequences from early and late Neolithic sites in Morocco, as well as Early Neolithic individuals from southern Iberia. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans are distinct from any other reported ancient individuals and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, confirming a long-term genetic continuity in the region. Among ancient populations, Early Neolithic Moroccans are distantly related to Levantine Natufian hunter-gatherers (∼9,000 BCE) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers (∼6,500 BCE). Although an expansion in Early Neolithic times is also plausible, the high divergence observed in Early Neolithic Moroccans suggests a long-term isolation and an early arrival in North Africa for this population. This scenario is consistent with early Neolithic traditions in North Africa deriving from Epipaleolithic communities who adopted certain innovations from neighbouring populations. Late Neolithic (∼3,000 BCE) Moroccans, in contrast, share an Iberian component, supporting theories of trans-Gibraltar gene flow. Finally, the southern Iberian Early Neolithic samples share the same genetic composition as the Cardial Mediterranean Neolithic culture that reached Iberia ∼5,500 BCE. The cultural and genetic similarities of the Iberian Neolithic cultures with that of North African Neolithic sites further reinforce the model of an Iberian migration into the Maghreb.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe acquisition of agricultural techniques during the so-called Neolithic revolution has been one of the major steps forward in human history. Using next-generation sequencing and ancient DNA techniques, we directly test if Neolithization in North Africa occurred through the transmission of ideas or by demic diffusion. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans are composed of an endemic Maghrebi element still retained in present-day North African populations and distantly related to Epipaleolithic communities from the Levant. However, late Neolithic individuals from North Africa are admixed, with a North African and a European component. Our results support the idea that the Neolithization of North Africa might have involved both the development of Epipaleolithic communities and the migration of people from Europe.

scholarly journals Ceramic materials of the late neolithic - early bronze age of the Podzorovo site on the Upper Don from the excavations by M.E. Foss in 1953

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Andrey Sergeevich Zheludkov ◽  
Roman Viktorovich Smolyaninov ◽  
Irina Viktorovna Klimkova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Cultural Types ◽  
Technological Analysis ◽  
The Bronze Age

The following paper analyzes ceramic collection from the excavations by M.E. Foss in 1953 from the Podzorovo site in Michurinsky District , Tambov Region, stored in the collections of the State Historical Museum (GIM 104032, inventory A 833). According to the results of the research, M.E. Foss concluded that there was originally a Late Neolithic site, and then a Bronze Age settlement. At the same time, the ceramics were divided into two groups: Late Neolithic (first of all pit-comb ornamented) and relating to the Bronze Age (other). When reviewing the collection in the light of new knowledge we were able to identify the materials of Dronicha late Neolithic culture, Eneolithic Srednestog culture and ceramics of the Ksizovo type, as well as Repino culture of the early Bronze Age. All of them find numerous analogies in the settlements of Don forest-steppe area. Thus, it was established that only in the Neolithic era - early Bronze, the Podzorovo site was settled at least six times. As additional information when describing ceramics, we present data on the results of the technical and technological analysis obtained during the study of ceramics of these cultures and cultural types originating from the settlements of the Upper Don.

scholarly journals Early Neolithic pottery from Central Asia to Denmark

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Andreev ◽  
Alexander Alexeevich Vybornov
Keyword(s):  
Aral Sea ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Climatic Disturbances

This paper focuses on the analysis of the Early Neolithic cultures pottery on the vast territory from the Aral Sea region in the east to Denmark in the west. The most stable typological and technological features of ancient pottery are singled out: profiled upper part of the vessels, pointed bottom, poor ornamentation, pit or dash patterns under the rim, the compositions are represented by intersecting lines like an oblique lattice. The vessels are made of silty clay mixed with chamotte. The fragments of the surfaces are smoothed with a soft object. This set of features can be traced for the pottery of cultures in the Aral Sea region, forest-steppe part of the Volga region (Povolzhye), Don and Dnepr regions, up to Jutland. The radiocarbon dates for the Early Neolithic culture of the area of interest demonstrate their rather ancient age in the eastern part of the area (6200 ВС) and rather smooth transition to younger (5900 ВС) in the western zone. There is a combined chronointerval for the monuments of Elshanka and Erteblle cultures. The reason for the eastern trend in the appearance of the earliest pottery to the west of the Aral Sea region could be climatic disturbances (aridization), while household components became the instrument for the early pottery appearance in the west.

scholarly journals Ancient genomes from North Africa evidence prehistoric migrations to the Maghreb from both the Levant and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (26) ◽  
pp. 6774-6779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fregel ◽  
Fernando L. Méndez ◽  
Youssef Bokbot ◽  
Dimas Martín-Socas ◽  
María D. Camalich-Massieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Neolithic Culture ◽  
Southern Iberia ◽  
Genetic Continuity ◽  
Genetic Pool

The extent to which prehistoric migrations of farmers influenced the genetic pool of western North Africans remains unclear. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Neolithization process may have happened through the adoption of innovations by local Epipaleolithic communities or by demic diffusion from the Eastern Mediterranean shores or Iberia. Here, we present an analysis of individuals’ genome sequences from Early and Late Neolithic sites in Morocco and from Early Neolithic individuals from southern Iberia. We show that Early Neolithic Moroccans (∼5,000 BCE) are similar to Later Stone Age individuals from the same region and possess an endemic element retained in present-day Maghrebi populations, confirming a long-term genetic continuity in the region. This scenario is consistent with Early Neolithic traditions in North Africa deriving from Epipaleolithic communities that adopted certain agricultural techniques from neighboring populations. Among Eurasian ancient populations, Early Neolithic Moroccans are distantly related to Levantine Natufian hunter-gatherers (∼9,000 BCE) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic farmers (∼6,500 BCE). Late Neolithic (∼3,000 BCE) Moroccans, in contrast, share an Iberian component, supporting theories of trans-Gibraltar gene flow and indicating that Neolithization of North Africa involved both the movement of ideas and people. Lastly, the southern Iberian Early Neolithic samples share the same genetic composition as the Cardial Mediterranean Neolithic culture that reached Iberia ∼5,500 BCE. The cultural and genetic similarities between Iberian and North African Neolithic traditions further reinforce the model of an Iberian migration into the Maghreb.

Social organization in the Orcadian Neolithic: identification of elite domestic structures and settlements through analysis of excavation data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject

The nature of social organization during the Orcadian Neolithic has been the subject of discussion for several decades with much of the debate focused on answering an insightful question posed by Colin Renfrew in 1979. He asked, how was society organised to construct the larger, innovative monuments of the Orcadian Late Neolithic that were centralised in the western Mainland? There are many possible answers to the question but little evidence pointing to a probable solution, so the discussion has continued for many years. This paper takes a new approach by asking a different question: what can be learned about Orcadian Neolithic social organization from the quantitative and qualitative evidence accumulating from excavated domestic structures and settlements?In an attempt to answer this question, quantitative and qualitative data about domestic structures and about settlements was collected from published reports on 15 Orcadian Neolithic excavated sites. The published data is less extensive than hoped but is sufficient to support a provisional answer: a social hierarchy probably did not develop in the Early Neolithic but almost certainly did in the Late Neolithic, for which the data is more comprehensive.While this is only one approach of several possible ways to consider the question, it is by exploring different methods of analysis and comparing them that an understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic can move forward.

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