scholarly journals Wind Assisted Ship PropulsionTechnologies – Can they Help in Emissions Reduction?

Naše more ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
The Future

According to International Maritime Organization, emissions coming from global shipping are expected to increase 50% to 250% by the year 2050. This concern led to the introduction of various regulations that aims to encourage ship owners and builders to explore innovative renewable technologies. The main focus of this article is on wind-assisted ship propulsion technologies, as a complement to ship propulsion, such as rigid sail, soft sail, wing sail, kite, and Flettner rotor. These technologies are not widely accepted because ship owners have doubts due to the lack of real-life results and their implementation and efficiency greatly depends on ship design and purpose. This article shows the progress in the field of wind-assisted ship propulsion in the last 15 years which proved the concept as they have the potential to reduce fuel consumption, thus emissions, by double digits. The conclusion is drawn, from fuel savings percentages, that rotor and soft sails technologies have great potential in the future of the shipping industry.

scholarly journals Environmental Effects of Eco-Driving on Courier Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta García ◽  
Gonzalo Fernández ◽  
Andrés Monzón
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Driving Period

In recent years, eco-driving has proven to be an effective tool for reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Until now, most research carried out has focused on ordinary drivers applying eco-driving techniques on their usual routes. However, there is little research on professional driver couriers. This research is aimed at analyzing the effects that eco-driving has on fuel consumption and GHG emissions on courier deliveries in small cities such as Caceres (Spain). For this purpose, a real-life experiment was performed with professional drivers with Spanish post vans from the public sector company Correos. In the first period, driving was under normal conditions (non-eco), and after a theoretical training eco-driving course, there was a second driving period (eco). Driving parameters (speeds, accelerations, rpm, and consumptions) were recorded on all trips to analyze how effective the eco-driving was. The research concluded that eco-driving training does not correlate with more sustainable driving for professional drivers under pressure with the need to deliver packages on time. However, there is a trend in fuel savings when using higher capacity routes.

Ship Hull and Machinery Optimization Using Physics-Based Design Software

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Changben Jiang ◽  
Brian Forstell ◽  
David Lavis ◽  
Owen Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Design Software

Ship design software is applied to the study of improving the design of an existing cruiser. The focus of this paper is on exploring machinery configuration options that could significantly reduce the overall fuel consumption and, consequently, reduce the total weight and operating cost of the ship. The prime movers, most likely gas turbines, of the majority of the naval ships today are usually designed for maximum speed, which is much higher than the ship's cruise speed. In the case of the CG47, the shaft power required at cruise speed is only 16% of that at maximum speed. Consequently, the specific fuel consumption is 64% higher at cruise speed because the gas turbines are delivering only a fraction of their rated power. In this paper, auxiliary engines are introduced and their overall impact on ship design are studied. Four different machinery configurations, namely, CODOG, CODAG, COGOG and COGAG, are examined. Results show that as much as 34% fuel savings could be achieved and the overall reduction in total ship weight could be as high as 9%.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

The economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Rozmainsky ◽  
Yulia I. Pashentseva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
External Information ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information Constraints ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Market Capitalism

The paper is devoted to the economic analysis of rationality in the tradition of Harvey Leibenstein: the authors perceive rationality as “calculatedness” when making decisions, while the degree of this “calculatedness” is interpreted as a variable. Thus, this approach does not correspond to the generally accepted neoclassical interpretation of rationality, according to which rationality is both full and constant. The authors believe that such a neoclassical approach makes too stringent requirements for the abilities of people. In real life, people do not behave like calculating machines. The paper discusses various factors limiting the degree of rationality of individuals. One group of factors is associated with external information constraints such as the complexity and extensiveness of information, as well as the uncertainty of the future. Another group of factors is related to informal institutions. In particular, the paper states that the system of planned socialism contributes to less rationality than the system of market capitalism. Thus, in the post-socialist countries, including contemporary Russia, one should not expect a high degree of rationality of the behavior of economic entities. The paper mentions, in particular, the factors of rationality caused by informal institutions, such as the propensity to calculate, the propensity to be independent when making decisions and the propensity to set goals. The authors also believe that people who live on their own are usually more rational than people who share a common household with someone else. This assumption is verified econometrically based on data on young urban residents collected by the authors. It turned out that the behavior of people included in this database, in general, corresponds to what the authors believed.

Envisioning a Jewish Maritime Space

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Personal Networks ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theodor Herzl

This chapter examines the ideological and economic dimensions of the Zionist concept “conquest of the sea” that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s by focusing on the role played by Arnold Bernstein in the emergence of an example of a Jewish shipping industry during the interwar period. In 1895, Theodor Herzl characterized the future Jewish state as the end product of an organized mass migration and endorsed the notion of “conquest of the sea” as a necessary component of this process. The chapter first provides a background on the Palestine Shipping Company founded by Bernstein before discussing the spatial factors that influenced the emergence of a Jewish shipping industry. It suggests that the construction of a Jewish maritime “space” was guided by ideological clashes, economic and political interests, and personal networks.

Stirling system optimization for series hybrid electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110180
Author(s):  
Charbel R Ghanem ◽  
Elio N Gereige ◽  
Wissam S Bou Nader ◽  
Charbel J Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
External Combustion

There have been many studies conducted to replace the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with a more efficient engine, due to increasing regulations over vehicles’ emissions. Throughout the years, several external combustion engines were considered as alternatives to these traditional ICEs for their intrinsic benefits, among which are Stirling machines. These were formerly utilized in conventional powertrains; however, they were not implemented in hybrid vehicles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of implementing a Stirling engine in a series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) to substitute the ICE. Exergy analysis was conducted on a mathematical model, which was developed based on a real simple Stirling, to pinpoint the room for improvements. Then, based on this analysis, other configurations were retrieved to reduce exergy losses. Consequently, a Stirling-SHEV was modeled, to be integrated as auxiliary power unit (APU). Hereafter, through an exergo-technological detailed selection, the best configuration was found to be the Regenerative Reheat two stages serial Stirling (RRe-n2-S), offering the best efficiency and power combination. Then, this configuration was compared with the Regenerative Stirling (R-S) and the ICE in terms of fuel consumption, in the developed SHEV on the WLTC. This was performed using an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) consisting of a bi-level optimization technique, combining the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) with the Dynamic Programming (DP). This arrangement is used to diminish the fuel consumption, while considering the reduction of the APU’s ON/OFF switching times, avoiding technical issues. Results prioritized the RRe-n2-S presenting 12.1% fuel savings compared to the ICE and 14.1% savings compared to the R-S.

scholarly journals A Comeback of Wind Power in Shipping: An Economic and Operational Review on the Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Todd Chou ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Michele Acciaro ◽  
Katharina Renken
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Promising Solution

Wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) technology seems to be a promising solution toward accelerating the shipping industry’s decarbonization efforts as it uses wind to replace part of the propulsive power generated from fossil fuels. This article discusses the status quo of the WASP technological growth within the maritime transport sector by means of a secondary data review analysis, presents the potential fuel-saving implications, and identifies key factors that shape the operational efficiency of the technology. The analysis reveals three key considerations. Firstly, despite the existing limited number of WASP installations, there is a promising trend of diffusion of the technology within the industry. Secondly, companies can achieve fuel savings, which vary depending on the technology installed. Thirdly, these bunker savings are influenced by environmental, on-board, and commercial factors, which presents both opportunities and challenges to decision makers.

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