The Gutenberg-Richter Law and Entropy of Earthquakes: Two Case Studies in Central Italy

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 1386-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. De Santis ◽  
G. Cianchini ◽  
P. Favali ◽  
L. Beranzoli ◽  
E. Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy

scholarly journals Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Clementi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Nonlinear Approach ◽  
Nonlinear Static ◽  
Masonry Churches ◽  
Global And Local

This paper presents a detailed study of the damages and collapses suffered by various masonry churches in the aftermath of the seismic sequence of Central Italy in 2016. The damages will first be analyzed and then compared with the numerical data obtained through 3D simulations with eigenfrequency and then nonlinear static analyses (i.e., pushover). The main purposes of this study are: (i) to create an adequately consistent sensitivity study on several definite case studies to obtain an insight into the role played by geometry—which is always unique when referred to churches—and by irregularities; (ii) validate or address the applicability limits of the more widespread nonlinear approach, widely recommended by the Italian Technical Regulations. Pushover analyses are conducted assuming that the masonry behaves as a nonlinear material with different tensile and compressive strengths. The consistent number of case studies investigated will show how conventional static approaches can identify, albeit in a qualitative way, the most critical macro-elements that usually trigger both global and local collapses, underlining once again how the phenomena are affected by the geometry of stones and bricks, the texture of the wall face, and irregularities in the plan and elevation and in addition to hypotheses made on the continuity between orthogonal walls.

scholarly journals Geosystemics and Earthquakes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo De Santis ◽  
Gianfranco Cianchini ◽  
Rita Di Giovambattista ◽  
Cristoforo Abbattista ◽  
Lucilla Alfonsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Solid Earth ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Complex Dynamical System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth’S Interior

Abstract. Geosystemics (De Santis 2009, 2014) studies the Earth system as a whole focusing on the possible coupling among the Earth layers (the so called geo-layers), and using universal tools to integrate different methods that can be applied to multi-parameter data, often taken on different platforms. Its main objective is to understand the particular phenomenon of interest from a holistic point of view. In this paper we will deal with earthquakes, considered as a long term chain of processes involving, not only the interaction between different components of the Earth’s interior, but also the coupling of the solid earth with the above neutral and ionized atmosphere, and finally culminating with the main rupture along the fault of concern (De Santis et al., 2015a). Some case studies (particular emphasis is given to recent central Italy earthquakes) will be discussed in the frame of the geosystemic approach for better understanding the physics of the underlying complex dynamical system.

scholarly journals Simulating lightning into the RAMS model: implementation and preliminary results

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933-2950 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Federico ◽  
E. Avolio ◽  
M. Petracca ◽  
G. Panegrossi ◽  
P. Sanò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Positioning Errors ◽  
First Case

Abstract. This paper shows the results of a tailored version of a previously published methodology, designed to simulate lightning activity, implemented into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The method gives the flash density at the resolution of the RAMS grid scale allowing for a detailed analysis of the evolution of simulated lightning activity. The system is applied in detail to two case studies occurred over the Lazio Region, in Central Italy. Simulations are compared with the lightning activity detected by the LINET network. The cases refer to two thunderstorms of different intensity which occurred, respectively, on 20 October 2011 and on 15 October 2012. The number of flashes simulated (observed) over Lazio is 19435 (16231) for the first case and 7012 (4820) for the second case, and the model correctly reproduces the larger number of flashes that characterized the 20 October 2011 event compared to the 15 October 2012 event. There are, however, errors in timing and positioning of the convection, whose magnitude depends on the case study, which mirrors in timing and positioning errors of the lightning distribution. For the 20 October 2011 case study, spatial errors are of the order of a few tens of kilometres and the timing of the event is correctly simulated. For the 15 October 2012 case study, the spatial error in the positioning of the convection is of the order of 100 km and the event has a longer duration in the simulation than in the reality. To assess objectively the performance of the methodology, standard scores are presented for four additional case studies. Scores show the ability of the methodology to simulate the daily lightning activity for different spatial scales and for two different minimum thresholds of flash number density. The performance decreases at finer spatial scales and for higher thresholds. The comparison of simulated and observed lighting activity is an immediate and powerful tool to assess the model ability to reproduce the intensity and the evolution of the convection. This shows the importance of using computationally efficient lightning schemes, such as the one described in this paper, in forecast models.

scholarly journals Lean Management: organizational innovations in hematological Day-Hospitals

ABOUTOPEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Caterina Bianciardi ◽  
Jacopo Guercini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Lean Thinking ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Day Hospitals ◽  
Poor Management

Background. Lean Thinking is a management method which, despite its industrial origins, has spread in the health-care environment too. Objective. To describe the path followed and the results reached implementing Lean Thinking in four case studies.  Methods. Such case studies were conducted in as many hematological Day-Hospitals (DHs), located in Central-Italy. At the beginning of each study, the DH internal processes, activity volumes and patient flows were analyzed and satisfaction questionnaires were administered to both operators and patients. Based on the returned questionnaires, deficiencies were focused on; for each deficiency data was collected and objectives defined. Following such definitions, the analysis of inefficiency causes was performed and countermeasures were identified. In the final meeting the results were assessed and monitoring/maintenance methods were defined. All these steps were supported by Lean Thinking instruments for analysis and solution.         Results. Activity organization and patient satisfaction improved everywhere. Time losses and workloads imbalances were minimized in two DHs, particularly through higher standardization in the management of clinical-administrative documents. In another DH, the output capacity of the hospital pharmacy and the workflows in the DH were aligned with respect to the course of the day, so reducing delays in the delivery of therapies.  Appointment planning was improved in the fourth DH, standardizing time slots (15-minutes) necessary for each therapy, so optimizing the number of stations (beds and chairs) used. Conclusions. Poor management of health care facilities can affect efficiency, security and quality of services provided. Lean Thinking is a valid method to address such problems.

Approaching monumental architecture: mechanics and movement in Archaic Etruscan palaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 39-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
Spatial Experience ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
And Function

This paper reassesses the architectural setting of a group of monumental buildings dating to the sixth centurybcfrom the Etruscan area of central Italy, sometimes referred to as palaces, orpalazzi. Although scholars traditionally have focused on classifying the buildings, the architectural form is here examined through close comparative analysis of spatial mechanics and movement. Focusing on case-studies from Poggio Civitate (Murlo) and Acquarossa, the author reconstructs the architectural processes of movement, particularly between the exterior and interior spaces arranged around a characteristic courtyard, and concludes that the structures are indicative of a unique Etruscan experience rather than that of Mediterranean palaces more generally. The author calls for a shift away from attempts to categorize these monumental structures in favour of a close analysis of spatial experience in order to explore better their architectural impact and function.

Iconography and Style in Republican and Early Imperial Art (200 bce to 14 ce)

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-199
Author(s):  
Dominik Maschek
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Class Society ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Imperial Art

This chapter identifies pertinent trends in the scholarship of late republican and early imperial Roman art, from the early second century bce to the end of the Augustan period. By looking at specific themes and case studies, such as mythological terracottas, historical reliefs, decorative marble statues from elite villas, so-called neoattic art, and honorific as well as funerary portraits, the essentially eclectic nature of artistic themes and styles across a range of media and materials is illustrated. Moreover, based upon these case studies, the chapter explores the relations between stylistic choice and aspects like class, society, and politics. From this it becomes clear that the systematic use of archaizing, classicizing, and Hellenistic styles in the late republican and early imperial period was deeply rooted in a vibrant community of commissioners and artists who acted under the influence of profound sociopolitical transformations in Rome, central Italy, and the wider Mediterranean.

Contribution of B and Sr Isotopes to assess boron contamination of groundwater: case studies in Central Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Palmucci ◽  
Sergio Rusi ◽  
Maddalena Pennisi ◽  
Diego Di Curzio
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Sr Isotopes

scholarly journals Multi-sensor analysis of convective activity in central Italy during the HyMeX SOP 1.1

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Roberto ◽  
E. Adirosi ◽  
L. Baldini ◽  
D. Casella ◽  
S. Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Dual Polarization ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Sensor Analysis ◽  
Raindrop Size

Abstract. A multi-sensor analysis of convective precipitation events that occurred in central Italy in autumn 2012 during the HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean experiment) Special Observation Period (SOP) 1.1 is presented. Various microphysical properties of liquid and solid hydrometeors are examined to assess their relationship with lightning activity. The instrumentation used consisted of a C-band dual-polarization weather radar, a 2-D video disdrometer, and the LINET lightning network. Results of T-matrix simulation for graupel were used to (i) tune a fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification algorithm based on Liu and Chandrasekar (2000) for the detection of graupel from C-band dual-polarization radar measurements and (ii) to retrieve graupel ice water content. Graupel mass from radar measurements was related to lightning activity. Three significant case studies were analyzed and linear relations between the total mass of graupel and number of LINET strokes were found with different slopes depending on the nature of the convective event (such as updraft strength and freezing level height) and the radar observational geometry. A high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.856) and a slope in agreement with satellite measurements and model results for one of the case studies (15 October 2012) were found. Results confirm that one of the key features in the electrical charging of convective clouds is the ice content, although it is not the only one. Parameters of the gamma raindrop size distribution measured by a 2-D video disdrometer revealed the transition from a convective to a stratiform regime. The raindrop size spectra measured by a 2-D video disdrometer were used to partition rain into stratiform and convective classes. These results are further analyzed in relation to radar measurements and to the number of strokes. Lightning activity was not always recorded when the precipitation regime was classified as convective rain. High statistical scores were found for relationships relating lightning activity to graupel aloft.

scholarly journals Studying habitats and dynamical interaction in Neolithic Europe through the material culture of pile dwellings

2014 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
J. Verdonkschot
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Dynamic Relations ◽  
Neolithic Europe

The Early Neolithic in Europe is one of the most dynamic and significant periods of prehistory. However, there are still many questions waiting to be answered. Pile dwellings can shed a light on this case as these sites and their material have been preserved exceptionally well due to the humid conditions of their location. Besides from this global aim they also offer the possibility of comparing several settlements extensively, including data such as architecture, tools and diet as well as the more traditional ceramic remains. This article proposes a line of investigation in which several Case Studies from different areas (the Alps, Northern Spain and Central Italy) are studied. These Case Studies consist of a specific area, including a lakeside settlement that forms the basis, and nearby contemporaneous sites. The areas are assessed based on the found archaeological record and in terms of their social organization and connections. Secondly, the dynamic relations between said areas are addressed in order to study connectivity and contact in Early Neolithic Europe. Above all this study promotes a different way of investigating, abandoning the single-site perspective, no longer looking exclusively for differences but adopting a slightly different vision and linking different sites and places.

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