scholarly journals Instrumental study of the Manix Earthquakes*

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-388
Author(s):  
C. F. Richter ◽  
J. M. Nordquist
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Instrumental Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Times

Summary Readings from seismograms of thirty-eight shocks occurring on the Mojave Desert near Manix, California, are tabulated, plotted, and discussed. For a large proportion of the shocks (Groups A and D), the most clearly identified seismic waves have travel times as follows (times in seconds, Δ in kilometers): p–O=D/6.34P–O=–1.2 + 0.1799 ΔPn–O=5.4 + 0.12195 Δs–O=D/3.67Pm–O=3.9 + 0.1427 ΔSn–O=9.0 + 0.220 ΔPy–O=1.2 + 0.1610 ΔSa–O=6.0 + 0.25 Δ D is calculated from Δ assuming a depth of 16 km. For the remaining shocks (Groups B and C), the constant terms in the equations for Pn, Pm, Py are increased to 6.0, 4.5, and 2.2, respectively; the other equations are unchanged, but D is calculated for a depth of 10 km. The Group A shocks are assigned to four subgroups. Epicenters are as follows: GroupLat. NLong. WA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34°57.5116°32′A2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3459.511633.5A3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345811633A4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350011634B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345611631C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3457.511632D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345311637 Epicenters A1 to B follow an alignment striking about N 30° W, crossing the Manix fault at a large angle. No shocks are located elsewhere along the Manix fault, but the smaller shocks cannot be placed accurately. The principal earthquake, of magnitude 6.2, is assigned to the A2 epicenter, with origin time 07:58:05.6 P.S.T. (15:58:05.6 G.C.T.), April 10, 1947. This agrees well with the times recorded at distant stations. A catalogue is given listing all subsequent shocks of magnitude 3.0 or greater in the area to the end of April, 1950, with assignment to one of the groups when possible. Recorded initial compressions and dilatations at the several stations are equally consistent with right-hand strike-slip on a hypothetical fault following the line of located epicenters, or with left-hand strike-slip on the Manix fault; the latter displacement was actually found. It is suggested that both occurred. Representative seismograms are reproduced.

25-Second Determination of 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake Coseismic Deformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy I. Melbourne ◽  
Walter M. Szeliga ◽  
V. Marcelo Santillan ◽  
Craig W. Scrivner
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Fault Creep ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Rupture Duration

ABSTRACT We have developed a global earthquake monitoring system based on low-latency measurements from more than 1000 existing Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, of which nine captured the 2019 Mw 6.4 Ridgecrest, California, foreshock and Mw 7.1 mainshock earthquakes. For the foreshock, coseismic offsets of up to 10 cm are resolvable on one station closest to the fault, but did not trigger automatic offset detection. For the mainshock, GNSS monitoring determined its coseismic deformation of up to 70 cm on nine nearby stations within 25 s of event nucleation. These 25 s comprise the fault rupture duration itself (roughly 10 s of peak moment release), another 10 s for seismic waves and displacement to propagate to nearby GNSS stations, and a few additional seconds for surface waves and other crustal reverberations to dissipate sufficiently such that coseismic offset estimation filters could reconverge. Latency between data acquisition in the Mojave Desert and positioning in Washington State averaged 1.4 s, a small fraction of the fault rupture time itself. GNSS position waveforms for the two closest stations that show the largest dynamic and static displacements agree well with postprocessed time series. Mainshock coseismic ground deformation estimated within 25 s of origin time also agrees well with, but is ∼10% smaller than, deformation estimated using 48 hr observation windows, which may reflect rapid postseismic fault creep or the cumulative effect of nearly 1000 aftershocks in the 48 hr following the mainshock. GNSS position waveform shapes, which comprise a superposition of dynamic and static displacements, are well modeled by frequency–wavenumber synthetics for the Hadley–Kanamori 1D crustal structure model and the U.S. Geological Survey finite-rupture distribution and timing. These results show that GNSS seismic monitoring performed as designed and offers a new means of rapidly characterizing large earthquakes globally.

scholarly journals The Manix (California) earthquake of April 10, 1947*

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
C. F. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Probable Error ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Left Hand

Summary Instrumental epicenter and origin time for the Manix earthquake are 34°58′ N, 116° 32′ W., 07:58:04 P.S.T. (15:58:04 G.C.T.), April 10, 1947. The probable error of location does not exceed a few kilometers. Certain aftershocks originated south of the main shock. Initial recorded compressions and dilatations are consistent with left-hand strike-slip on a previously identified fault which trends about N 70° E. Trace phenomena, to be reported later, were produced. Other effects, including damage, in the heavily shaken area are described.

The Early History of Writing

Antiquity ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
S. H. Hooke
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Path Tracing ◽  
History Of Writing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Alphabet ◽  
The Times ◽  
Pastoral Staff ◽  
Main Entrance

On the 29th of June, 1910, at the consecration of Westminster Cathedral, a curious piece of ritual was performed called ‘The Ceremony of the Alphabet’, almost identical with a ceremony which had been witnessed by the London of a by-gone day at the dedication of Westminster Abbey in 1065. The Times of 29 June 1910 described the ceremony as follows:‘On the floor of the spacious nave, from the main entrance to the sanctuary, were painted in white two broad paths, which connected the corners diagonally opposite, and intersecting at the centre of the nave formed a huge figure x, or St. Andrew’s Cross. Where the lines converged was placed a faldstool ; and here the Archbishop, still in cope and mitre, knelt in prayer, while the choir continued to sing the ancient plainsong of the “ Sarum Antiphoner ” … Meanwhile attendants were engaged in strewing the nave with ashes. This meant the laying of small heaps of the ashes, about two yards apart, along the lines of the St. Andrew’s Cross. Beside each heap of ashes was placed a piece of cardboard containing a letter of the alphabet–the Greek on one line and the Latin on the other. The Archbishop then went towards the main entrance, attended by the deacon and sub-deacon, and preceded by the Crucifix carried between lighted candles. Starting first from the left-hand corner Dr Bourne advanced along one path of the St. Andrew’s Cross, tracing with the end of his pastoral staff the letters of the Greek alphabet on the heaps of ashes ; and returning again to the main entrance repeated the process on the other path, tracing this time on the heaps of ashes the letters of the Latin alphabet. This curious ceremony is variously interpreted as symbolizing the union of the Western and Eastern Churches, or the teaching of the rudiments of Christianity, and as a survival of the Roman augurs in laying their plans for the construction of a temple, or as the procedure of Roman surveyors in valuing land for fiscal purposes’.

Tonsillar Inflammation, a Rare Cause of Bradycardia and Hypotension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A

Tonsillitis is a frequently encountered pathology in the outpatient setting, usually caused by viruses [1]. When bacterial, the most common causatory microbe is streptococcus group A [1]. Tonsillar and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) on the other hand are never viral, and are usually caused by streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus melleri, fusobacterium necrophorum and staphylococci [1,2]. The overall incidence of PTA is suggested to be 37/100,000 patients, with the highest incidence between ages 14-21 at 124/100,000 [3].

Alive Still

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Curtis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Village Voice

In 1942, at age twenty, after a vision-impaired and rebellious childhood in Richmond, Virginia, Nell Blaine decamped for New York. Operations had corrected her eyesight, and she was newly aware of modern art, so different from the literal style of her youthful drawings. In Manhattan, she met rising young artists and poets. Her life was hectic, with raucous parties in her loft, lovers of both sexes, and freelance design jobs, including a stint at the Village Voice. Initially drawn to the rigorous formalism of Piet Mondrian, she received critical praise for her jazzy abstractions. During the 1950s, she began to paint interiors and landscapes. By 1959, when the Whitney Museum purchased one of her paintings, her career was firmly established. That year, she contracted a severe form of polio on a trip to Greece; suddenly, she was a paraplegic. Undaunted, she taught herself to paint in oil with her left hand, reserving her right hand for watercolors. In her postpolio work, she achieved a freer style, expressive of the joy she found in flowers and landscapes. Living half the year in Gloucester, Massachusetts, and the other half in New York, she took special delight in painting the views from her windows and from her country garden. Critics found her new style irresistible, and she had a loyal circle of collectors; still, she struggled to earn enough money to pay the aides who made her life possible. At her side for her final twenty-nine years was her lover, painter Carolyn Harris.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Times

Anti-soluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances, which develop following infection with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, appear to be separate entities. The times of appearance and regression of the two antibodies are different in both man and the guinea pig; the antisoluble substance antibodies appear earlier and remain a shorter time. Moreover, mice develop them but no demonstrable neutralizing substances. Injection of formalin-treated, virus-free extracts containing considerable amounts of soluble antigen fails to elicit anti-soluble substance antibodies and to induce immunity in normal guinea pigs; administration of such preparations to immune pigs, however, is followed by a marked increase in the titer of anti-soluble substance antibodies in their serum. On the other hand, suspensions of formolized washed virus are effective in normal guinea pigs in stimulating both anti-soluble substance antibodies and protective substances, and in inducing immunity to infection.

Psychophysically Based Physical Capability Limits For Right Angle Power Tool Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 910-914
Author(s):  
Jonathan Valencia ◽  
Joel Cort
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Joint Orientation ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

A psychophysical methodology was utilized to examine 40 non-skilled female participants performing right-angle power tool (RAPT) fastening tasks. A combination of two between subject variables were examined for a total of four between-subject groups: joint orientation (horizontal and vertical planes) and joint hardness (hard and soft joints). Participants were evenly distributed into one of four joint orientation- hardness groups. Within each group, a combination of three fastening strategies and three fastening frequencies were performed by each participant. The chosen target torque determined the physical capability limits (PCL). A mixed-design repeated analysis of variance with Tukey’ significance post hoc test were used to determine any significance with the measured variables ( p<0.05). Fastening strategy and frequency influenced the chosen torque magnitude. Participants chose significantly higher target torques with the Turbo Tight strategy in comparison to the other two strategies. Furthermore, participants chose to accept lower target torques and forces as fastening frequency increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Photofunctionalization with 6 W or 85 W UVC on the Degree of Wettability of RBM Titanium in Relation to the Irradiation Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5427
Author(s):  
Arturo Sanchez-Perez ◽  
Nuria Cano-Millá ◽  
María José Moya Villaescusa ◽  
José María Montoya Carralero ◽  
Carlos Navarro Cuellar
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Group A

Photoactivation with ultraviolet C light can reverse the effects derived from biological ageing by restoring a hydrophilic surface. Ten titanium discs were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a 6 W group, and an 85 W group. A drop of double-distilled, deionized, and sterile 10 µL water was applied to each of the discs. Each disc was immediately photographed in a standardized and perpendicular manner. Measurements were taken based on the irradiation time (15, 30, 60, and 120 min). UVC irradiation improved the control values in both groups. There was no difference in its effect between the 6 W group and the other groups during the first 30 min. However, after 60 min and up to 120 min, 85 W had a significantly stronger effect. The contact angles with the 85 W ultraviolet light source at 60 and 120 min were 19.43° and 31.41°, respectively, whereas the contact angles for the 6 W UVC source were 73.8° and 61.45°. Power proved to be the most important factor, and the best hydrophilicity result was obtained with a power of 85 W for 60 min at a wavelength of 254 nm.

Dirty Work and Dirtier Work: Differences in Countering Physical, Social, and Moral Stigma

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake E. Ashforth ◽  
Glen E. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Dirty Work ◽  
Exotic Dancers ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Group A

The literature on dirty work has focused on what physically (e.g., garbage collectors), socially (e.g., addiction counsellors), and morally (e.g., exotic dancers) stigmatized occupations have in common, implying that dirty work is a relatively monolithic construct. In this article, we focus on thedifferencesbetween these three forms of dirty work and how occupational members collectively attempt to counter the particular stigma associated with each. We argue that the largest differences are between moral dirty work and the other two forms; if physical and social dirty work tend to be seen as more necessary than evil, then moral dirty work tends to be seen as more evil than necessary. Moral dirty work typically constitutes a graver identity threat to occupational members, fostering greater entitativity (a sense of being a distinct group), a greater reliance on members as social buffers, and a greater use of condemning condemners and organization-level defensive tactics. We develop a series of propositions to formalize our arguments and suggest how this more nuanced approach to studying dirty work can stimulate and inform future research.

§ XI.—Hellenistic Mycenae

1923 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 408-428
Author(s):  
C. A. Boethius
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Right

Among the ruins of the Hellenistic buildings at the south end of the Great Ramp, in the fourth or southern chamber (Pl. I. 34), three fragments of a stele (now in the Nauplia Museum) were found. The stele is of a simple and common type, and is made of the same white limestone as the other Mycenaean stele found by Tsountas, which it closely resembles even in its weathering. Except for the top left-hand corner and a gap on the right side the whole stele is preserved. It is ·969 m. in height, ·41–·436 m. in breadth (·41 m. at the ninth line of the inscription) and ·11–·125 m. thick. At the top there is a plain frieze, ·065 m. high : ·02 m. below the frieze begins an inscription which fills twenty lines and ends ·50 m. above the bottom of the stele. The letters are ·008–·01 m. high. The space between the lines is ·009–·011 m. The surface of the stone is very much worn, and it was consequently difficult to make out the letters and their accurate forms. The sketch (Fig. 93) shows the arrangement of the text.

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