Leibniz’s Last Letter on Linguistic Matters

We reproduce in what follows the last writing published in life by G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) on linguistic topics. Together with other works by scholars of the time, Leibniz’s essay served as an introduction to an important collection of versions of the Pater noster in many different languages (Chamberlayne ed. 1715). In his critical remarks, the philosopher not only summarises his main ideas about the importance and method of linguistic comparison, but also integrates them with interpretative insights from neighbouring fields, such as numismatics, archaeology, and the history of writing systems. The editor’s commentary gives information on the historical and theoretical context in which Leibniz writes and on the numerous authors and works mentioned in the text.

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/184

The tradition and history of writing travelogues in Urdu language is not more than one hundred years old. There are also a large number of travelogues of Hajj and Umrah towards the Holy Hijaz in Urdu literature. Among these travelogues Mustansar Hussain Tarar’s two travelogues “Towards the Holy Kaaba” and “Night in the Cave of Hira” are quite famous, in which we see different colors of love of Allah and his Prophet. The purpose of this article is to give a brief overview of Mustansar’s both travelogues.

Kultūrvēstures aspekti Jāņa Čakstes vācu valodā sarakstītajā apcerējumā „Die Letten und Ihre Latwija” (1917), tā tulkošanas un izdevumu vēsture latviski („Latvieši un viņu Latvija”, 1989/1990–2019)

On May 4, 2020, the 30th anniversary of the restoration of Latvia’s national independence was celebrated, and the 160th anniversary since the birth of the first President of Latvia, Jānis Čakste (1859–1927), was remembered on September 14, 2019. In 1917, even before the establishment of the Latvian state, Čakste published a longer essay in German, entitled „The Latvians and Their Latvia” (Die Letten und ihre Latwija), in which both the ethnic and geopolitical history of the Baltics was presented to communicate the public opinion and strivings of that time internationally. The essay also reflected economic relations in the predominantly Latvian-inhabited territory, demonstrating the political convictions and the culture-historical background of the era. The article aims to characterise the history of writing and publishing the essay in German, and its translation into Latvian (1989/90), and the translation’s editions (1999, 2009, 2014, 2019). Part of the article is devoted to analysing the culture-historical aspects, which in the authorial narrative have been expressed in the interethnic environment of the territory and the era.

“WRITING DOWN OF HADITHS IN THE VII-VIII CENTURIES: APPROACHES AND METHODS”

The article is devoted to the study of history of writing of hadiths in the VII-VIII centuries and methodological approaches and methods used in this process by scholars of the Science of Hadith. The process of writing and compiling of hadith collections is studied historically dividing into the stages of Sahabah (companions), Tabi`un (successors) and Tabi` al-Tabi`un (successors of Tabi`un). The specific features, used approaches and methods of these stages are analyzed and explained based on sources. The article also covers various political and social factors that have accelerated the process of writing of hadiths. The article examines the long process from the first stage of the history of written collection of hadiths to the creation of the main collections of hadith in the ninth century, which is recognized as the golden age of hadith science.

Topeng Surakarta as a Source of Ideas for Batik Motif Design in Women's Casual Clothes

Indonesia is a country that has a diverse form of arts and cultures, one of which is the art of mask that grows and develops in various regions. Masks in a broad sense vary greatly from shape, function, and materials for which they are made. The need for the use of masks is often found in artistic, ritual, religious, health, and performance activities. The tradition of mask in Indonesia has existed since before the history of writing. Masks are believed to represent the spirits of the deceased and are often decorated with human and animal forms to symbolize the supernatural world and the relationship between humans and their origins. This paper explored the form of mask, specifically the Surakarta mask as a source of idea in batik motif creation. The batik motif was made by stylization of the mask using remasol dye and colet technique, resulting in five batik clothes that are cut and sewn into women casual clothes. By turning Surakarta mask batik motif into casual clothing, the clothes made can introduce the art of mask in Surakarta to the wider community, preserving both the art of mask and the art of batik as a high value tradition full of local wisdom.

ON COPYING THE KAZAKH ALPHABET IN LATIN GRAPHICS

The article tells about the work that is being done to translate the Kazakh alphabet into Latin graphics. The research of the history of writing applied to the Turkic people and Modrn Kazakh writing in the stages. Using the latin graphics,the Kazakh language and its writing correspond to world standards, the status of the state language increases , the scope of its usage expanded, the orphanage of the Kazakh language is in line with the laws of synar monism, describing the Latin alphabet and the sounds in the Kazakh language. The transition to Latin alphabet, denotes a new vector of entry into the ranks of civilized countries, identification of sound systems in the Kazakh language and the reduction of unnecessary words from the spelling in Kazakh language. The article explains the history of the formation of Kazakh writing and analyzesthe linguistic situation of that period. The transition to Latin alphabet promotes the development of the spirit of Kazakh people, its prosperity and the comprehensive future development of our country.

ON COPYING THE KAZAKH ALPHABET IN LATIN GRAPHICS

The article tells about the work that is being done to translate the Kazakh alphabet into Latin graphics. The research of the history of writing applied to the Turkic people and Modrn Kazakh writing in the stages. Using the latin graphics,the Kazakh language and its writing correspond to world standards, the status of the state language increases , the scope of its usage expanded, the orphanage of the Kazakh language is in line with the laws of synar monism, describing the Latin alphabet and the sounds in the Kazakh language. The transition to Latin alphabet, denotes a new vector of entry into the ranks of civilized countries, identification of sound systems in the Kazakh language and the reduction of unnecessary words from the spelling in Kazakh language. The article explains the history of the formation of Kazakh writing and analyzesthe linguistic situation of that period. The transition to Latin alphabet promotes the development of the spirit of Kazakh people, its prosperity and the comprehensive future development of our country.