The long-term effects of being bullied or a bully in adolescence on development outcomes in early adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 39-66
Author(s):  
Sewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Development Outcomes

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Fathers' Depressed Mood on Youth Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Reeb ◽  
Ed Y. Wu ◽  
Monica J. Martin ◽  
Kristina L. Gelardi ◽  
Sut Yee Shirley Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Long Term Effects

Long-term effects of pre-pubertal fluoxetine on behaviour and monoaminergic stress response in stress-sensitive rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Johan Badenhorst ◽  
Linda Brand ◽  
Brian Herbert Harvey ◽  
Susanna Maria Ellis ◽  
Christiaan Beyers Brink
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Swim Stress ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

ObjectiveAlthough prescription rates of antidepressants for children and adolescents have increased, concerns have been raised regarding effects on neurodevelopment and long-term outcome. Using a genetic animal model of depression, this study investigated the long-term effects of pre-pubertal administration of fluoxetine (FLX) on depressive-like behaviour in early adulthood, as well as on central monoaminergic response to an acute stressor. We postulated that pre-pubertal FLX will have lasting effects on animal behaviour and monoaminergic stress responses in early adulthood.MethodsFlinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received 10 mg/kg/day FLX subcutaneously from postnatal day 21 (PnD21) to PnD34 (pre-pubertal). Thereafter, following normal housing, rats were either subjected to locomotor testing and the forced swim test (FST) on PnD60 (early adulthood), or underwent surgery for microdialysis, followed on PnD60 by exposure to acute swim stress and measurement of stressor-induced changes in plasma corticosterone and pre-frontal cortical monoamine concentrations.ResultsPre-pubertal FLX did not induce a late emergent effect on immobility in FSL rats on PnD60, whereas locomotor activity was significantly decreased. Acute swim stress on PnD60 significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels, and increased pre-frontal cortical norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations. Pre-pubertal FLX significantly blunted the pre-frontal cortical NE and 5-HIAA response following swim stress on PnD60. Baseline dopamine levels were significantly enhanced by pre-pubertal FLX, but no further changes were induced by swim stress.ConclusionPre-pubertal FLX did not have lasting antidepressant-like behavioural effects in genetically susceptible, stress-sensitive FSL rats. However, such treatment reduced locomotor activity, abrogated noradrenergic and serotonergic stressor responses and elevated dopaminergic baseline levels in adulthood.

scholarly journals Short-term, medium-term and long-term effects of early parenting interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e004067
Author(s):  
Joshua Jeong ◽  
Helen O Pitchik ◽  
Günther Fink
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionParenting interventions during early childhood are known to improve various child development outcomes immediately following programme implementation. However, less is known about whether these initial benefits are sustained over time.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review of parenting interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that were delivered during the first 3 years of life and had completed a follow-up evaluation of the intervention cohort at least 1 year after the primary postintervention endpoint. We summarized intervention effects over time by child-level and parent-level outcomes as well as by timing of follow-up rounds in the short-term (1–3 years after programme completion), medium-term (4–9 years), and long-term (10+ years). We also conducted exploratory meta-analyses to compare effects on children’s cognitive and behavioral development by these subgroups of follow-up rounds.ResultsWe identified 24 articles reporting on seven randomised controlled trials of parenting interventions delivered during early childhood that had at least one follow-up study in seven LMICs. The majority of follow-up studies were in the short-term. Three trials conducted a medium-term follow-up evaluation, and only two trials conducted a long-term follow-up evaluation. Although trials consistently supported wide-ranging benefits on early child development outcomes immediately after programme completion, results revealed a general fading of effects on children’s outcomes over time. Short-term effects were mixed, and medium-term and long-term effects were largely inconclusive. The exploratory meta-analysis on cognitive development found that pooled effects were significant at postintervention and in the short-term (albeit smaller in magnitude), but the effects were not significant in the medium-term and long-term. For behavioural development, the effects were consistently null over time.ConclusionsThere have been few longer-term follow-up studies of early parenting interventions in LMICs. Greater investments in longitudinal intervention cohorts are needed in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of parenting interventions over the life course and to improve the design of future interventions so they can have greater potential for achieving and sustaining programme benefits over time.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of bullying

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Wolke ◽  
Suzet Tanya Lereya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Effects Of Bullying ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Adult Roles

Bullying is the systematic abuse of power and is defined as aggressive behaviour or intentional harm-doing by peers that is carried out repeatedly and involves an imbalance of power. Being bullied is still often wrongly considered as a ‘normal rite of passage’. This review considers the importance of bullying as a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health and reduced adaptation to adult roles including forming lasting relationships, integrating into work and being economically independent. Bullying by peers has been mostly ignored by health professionals but should be considered as a significant risk factor and safeguarding issue.

The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Adolescent Violent Victimization Experienced Within the Family and Community

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents face high rates of victimization, yet little is known regarding the criminal consequences of these experiences. Using data from the National Youth Survey, this investigation compared the relative and combined effects of adolescent violent victimization perpetrated by family and nonfamily members on self-reported criminal offending from adolescence to early adulthood. The results demonstrate that both types of violence have an immediate and sustained impact on criminal involvement, although the effect is somewhat stronger for nonfamily victimization, and for both types, the relationship tends to weaken over time. In addition, those experiencing both types of victimization report a higher frequency of offending compared to those experiencing only one type. The findings indicate the need for prevention programs aimed at decreasing the prevalence of adolescent victimization, as well as intervention efforts to help victims from becoming offenders.

scholarly journals Clarifying My World: Identity Work in the Context of Workplace Bullying

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premilla D'Cruz ◽  
Ernesto Noronha
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Core Theme ◽  
The Core ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Conversational Interviews

Based on a study rooted in van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology, conducted with agents working in international facing call centers in Mumbai and Bangalore, India, this paper describes targets’ identity work in the context of workplace bullying. Data were gathered through conversational interviews and were subject to sententious and selective thematic analyses. The core theme of “clarifying my world” captures participants’ attempt to reconstruct their identity following the emergence of identity disruptions stemming from the experience of being bullied. Major themes which include building personal security and insulation, recreating equilibrium, maintaining dignity and poise, re-establishing ontological foundations and seeking continuity in one’s evolution, represent the goals of identity work which address specific dimensions of identity disruptions. The findings highlight the long-term effects of workplace bullying on targets and targets’ attempts to restore their well - being.

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