Self-regulation scores by experience of early difficulties, United States

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Regulation

Infant formula and toddler milk marketing: opportunities to address harmful practices and improve young children’s diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 866-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Harris ◽  
Jennifer L Pomeranz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
State And Local

Abstract Children’s diets in their first 1000 days influence dietary preferences, eating habits, and long-term health. Yet the diets of most infants and toddlers in the United States do not conform to recommendations for optimal child nutrition. This narrative review examines whether marketing for infant formula and other commercial baby/toddler foods plays a role. The World Health Organization’s International Code of Marketing Breast-milk Substitutes strongly encourages countries and manufacturers to prohibit marketing practices that discourage initiation of, and continued, breastfeeding. However, in the United States, widespread infant formula marketing negatively impacts breastfeeding. Research has also identified questionable marketing of toddler milks (formula/milk-based drinks for children aged 12–36 mo). The United States has relied exclusively on industry self-regulation, but US federal agencies and state and local governments could regulate problematic marketing of infant formula and toddler milks. Health providers and public health organizations should also provide guidance. However, further research is needed to better understand how marketing influences what and how caregivers feed their young children and inform potential interventions and regulatory solutions.

Cyber Defense as a part of Hazard Mitigation: Comparing High Hazard Potential Dam Safety Programs in the United States and Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary A. Burk ◽  
Jan Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dam Safety ◽  
Cyber Defense ◽  
Industrial Control Systems

AbstractCyber security tends to only address the technical aspects of the information systems. The lack of considerations for environmental long-range implications of failed cyber security planning and measures, especially in the protection of critical infrastructure and industrial control systems, have created ecological risks that are to a high degree unaddressed. This study compares dam safety arrangements in the United States and Sweden. Dam safety in the United States is highly regulated in many states, but inconsistent over the nation. In Sweden dam safety is managed by self-regulation. The study investigates the weaknesses and strengths in these regulatory and institutional arrangements from a cyber security perspective. If ecological and environmental concerns were a part of the risk evaluation and risk mitigation processes for cyber security, the hazard could be limited. Successful environmentally-linked cyber defense mitigates the risk for significant damage to domestic freshwater, aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems, and protects ecosystem function.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Environmental Health and Willingness to Compost Fresh Cut Floral Waste by Retail Flower Shop Owners

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-760
Author(s):  
Coleman L. Etheredge ◽  
Tina M. Waliczek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Mailing List ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
The Government ◽  
E Mail

In the United States there has been a push to convert industries to a more environmentally sustainable business attitude in recent years. Environmentally sustainable practices are not only good for the environment, but there is increasing evidence these practices lead to an increase in customer loyalty. The trend of self-regulation, willingly imposing more stringent environmental policies than required by the government, is progressing toward a time where environmentally friendly practices will be a competitive necessity for businesses to survive. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the perceptions of environmental health of retail flower shop owners and their willingness to recycle fresh cut floral waste produced at retail flower shops for use as compost and to determine if there is a statistical correlation between environmental awareness and willingness to compost fresh cut flower waste. A mailing list of retail florists from across the United States was compiled. A total of 1974 florists from all 50 states were sent a standardized e-mail explaining the purpose of the study. Embedded in the e-mail was a hyperlink that redirected willing respondents to the survey. Each person on the mailing list was emailed one time. Of the 300 retail florists who took part in the survey, a majority, 190 (63.33%), were ranked as having “high concern” for environmental health. A majority of florists 247 (82.33%) “agreed” or “strongly agreed” to collaborate with Master Gardener programs and other organizations if it meant they could recycle their floral waste through composting. Through the creation of industry- and state-sponsored certifications, florists could brand and promote their business as more environmentally conscious by composting their floral waste. This could possibly, in turn, stimulate sales and increase profit margins while having the added benefit of reducing the amount of waste entering landfills.

Facebook will trade contrition for self-regulation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Privacy Regulation ◽  
Content Type

Headline UNITED STATES: Contrition will curb privacy regulation

History of Financial Regulation in Australia, United States, and United Kingdom

2014 ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
And Control

The economic hypotheses and policy stances of each of the various economic schools of thought carry over to theories of financial regulation. The empirical cases observed in the US, UK and Australia show the unravelling of financial stability by the see-saw between command-and-control and voluntary forms of self-regulation. This chapter traces the pertinent events with a focus on the regulatory changes during and after the 1980s.

For Your Eyes-Only: United States Internet Privacy Laws Play Catch-Up With The European Union Data Directive

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Banfe ◽  
Dexter R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internet Privacy ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
European Union Data

Global electronic commerce, driven by the development of the Internet, promises to be a key engine of growth in this century. One of the most contentious issues facing businesses today is the ownership and use of personal data. Europe has taken the lead in this area with a comprehensive approach, the European Union Data Directive, that became effective in 1998. This paper compares the European Union approach to Internet privacy with that of the United States. In comparing the two, the paper includes a brief discussion of current legislation under both approaches and also discusses critical issues in the debate for Internet privacy, including state-directed legislation vs. self-regulation, corporate privacy statements, and the opt-in versus opt-out approaches to consumer protection. The paper offers perspectives on whether the United States will adopt new Internet privacy legislation, and on the feasibility and repercussions of maintaining the current approach.

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