The effects of surface-level and deep-level team faultline strength on information elaboration and effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn Wilson Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Surface Level

Which Matters More?

2016 ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai P. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Research Designs

This chapter reviews what we know about the effects of surface-level diversity (age, sex, and ethnicity) and deep-level diversity (personality characteristics such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness) in organizational teams. It also outlines challenges to today's diversity management and Human Resource (HR) practices, such as the lack of definite conclusions from research results, the mismatch between team diversity research designs and organizations' needs, and the lack of research examining simultaneously different aspects of diversity. Drawing from analysis results of team data from 55 teams of volunteers from Shanghai, the author recommends that HR training and selection take specific team contexts into account and increase attention on functions that support important team processes such as communication and mutual support among team members.

scholarly journals Surface-Level Diversity and Decision-Making in Groups: When Does Deep-Level Similarity Help?

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine W. Phillips ◽  
Gregory B. Northcraft ◽  
Margaret A. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Surface Level

Nationality diversity and leader–Member exchange at multiple levels of analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Pichler ◽  
Beth Livingston ◽  
Andrew Yu ◽  
Arup Varma ◽  
Pawan Budhwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nationality Diversity

PurposeThe diversity literature has yet to investigate relationships between diversity and leader–member exchanges (LMX) at multiple levels of analysis. The purpose of this paper is to test a multilevel model of nationality diversity and LMX. In doing so, the authors investigate the role of surface- and deep-level diversity as related to leader–member exchange differentiation (LMXD) and relative LMX (RLMX), and hence to subordinate job performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test a multilevel model of diversity and LMX using multisource survey data from subordinates nesting within supervisors. The authors do so in a context where diversity in nationality is pervasive and plays a key role in LMXs, i.e., a multinational organization in Dubai. The authors tested the cross-level moderated model using MPlus.FindingsThe results suggest surface-level similarity is more important to RLMX than deep-level similarity. The relationship between surface-level similarity and RLMX is moderated by workgroup nationality diversity. When workgroups are more diverse, there is a positive relationship between dyadic nationality similarity and RLMX; when workgroups are less diverse, similarity in nationality matters less. Moreover, LMXD at the workgroup level moderates the relationship between RLMX and performance at the individual level.Originality/valueThis study is one of very few to examine both diversity and LMX at multiple levels of analysis. This is the first study to test the workgroup diversity as a cross-level moderator of the relationship between deep-level similarity and LMX. The results challenge the prevailing notion that that deep-level similarity is more strongly related to LMX than surface-level diversity.

A Multidimensional Investigation of Deep-level and Surface-level Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Dinsmore ◽  
Patricia A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Surface Level

Diverse Forms of Difference

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Lambert ◽  
Myrtle P. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory Testing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Management Literature

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of the state of diversity in management literature, including the most recent conceptualizations and measures developed for studying diversity among individuals within organizations. Background on the theoretical and empirical development of surface-level and deep-level diversity is provided. Turning then to separation, variety, and disparity, the chapter will discuss the meaning, form, and assumptions underlying each type of diversity, and offers guidelines for conceptualization, measurement, and theory testing of each. The authors summarize the findings and suggest ideas for future research to move the diversity field forward.

scholarly journals Language Learning Strategies: Classification and Pedagogical Implication

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ag. Bambang Setiyadi
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Metacognitive Strategies ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Learning English

Many studies have been conducted to explore language learning strategies (Rubin, 1975, Naiman et.al., 1978; Fillmore, 1979; O'Malley et.al.,1985 and 1990; Politzer and Groarty, 1985; Prokop, 1989; Oxford, 1990; and Wenden, 1991). In the current study a total of 79 university students participating in a 3- month English course participated. This study attempted to explore what language learning strategies successful learners used and to what extent the strategies contributed to success in learning English in Indonesia. Factor analyses, accounting for 62.1%, 56.0%, 41.1% and 43.5% of the varianceof speaking, listening, reading and writing measures in the language learningstrategy questionnaire, suggested that the questionnaire constituted threeconstructs. The three constructs were named metacognitive strategies, deep level cognitive and surface level cognitive strategies. Regression analyses, performed using scales based on these factors revealed significant main effects for the use of the language learning strategies in learning English, constituting 43% of the variance in the posttest English achievement scores. An analysis of variance of the gain scores of the highest, middle, and the lowest groups of performers suggested a greater use of metacognitive strategies among successful learners and a greater use of surface level cognitive strategies among unsuccessful learners. Implications for the classroom and future re-search are also discussed.

scholarly journals Editorial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhyddhi Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
Societal Changes

Cambridge online dictionary offers the meaning of the noun term “environment” as the air, water, and land in or on which humans, animals, and plants reside1. The environment can also be mixture of factors that influence both organic and inorganic ecosystems and their shared co-existence. This co-existence is the last idea that is given significance in the sophisticated and busy life styles of the modern day. In other words, in our own attitudes lies a large portion of causal conditions for outward environmental disruptions and imbalances. The challenges we face globally have their origin in local settings, the threats we face at the surface level of our location have their origins at 'deep level' in our very own way of living, in the very way of our behaviour towards others. With this absence of senses, species of human beings not only put themselves at risk, but also put other species of life in danger all over the world. It can be said that the ecological sufferings what we are experiencing today are seemed to have deep roots in anthropocentric views about the dominion of humans on earth. Without major societal changes, including changes in the habits of human beings, these exploitative, consumerist practices cannot be resolved 2. The papers in this issue on Environmental Ethics emphasize the need of the sense of morality towards the surrounding environment.

Which Matters More?

2017 ◽  
pp. 136-162
Author(s):  
Mai P. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Research Designs

This chapter reviews what we know about the effects of surface-level diversity (age, sex, and ethnicity) and deep-level diversity (personality characteristics such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness) in organizational teams. It also outlines challenges to today's diversity management and Human Resource (HR) practices, such as the lack of definite conclusions from research results, the mismatch between team diversity research designs and organizations' needs, and the lack of research examining simultaneously different aspects of diversity. Drawing from analysis results of team data from 55 teams of volunteers from Shanghai, the author recommends that HR training and selection take specific team contexts into account and increase attention on functions that support important team processes such as communication and mutual support among team members.

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