scholarly journals Hábitos Bucais Deletérios e Possíveis Intervenções: uma Revisão de Literatura

Author(s):  
Alisson Gabriel Idelfonso Bistaffa ◽  
Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari ◽  
Ana Claudia Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Arnaldo Pinzan ◽  
...  

A Odontologia visa o equilíbrio e a manutenção das estruturas bucais para atingir os objetivos anatomofuncionais, musculares e estruturais. Os hábitos bucais deletérios são caracterizados como comportamentos que quebram esse equilíbrio, por meio de qualquer função anormal exercida pela musculatura orofacial. Interferem no desenvolvimento normal da oclusão e são motivos para estudos em relação as suas origens e consequências. Na Ortodontia, sabendo-se que esses comportamentos afetam a oclusão e as características ideais dos arcos dentários, a preocupação com o desenvolvimento normal da oclusão dentária motivou a realização de uma revisão de literatura sobre os hábitos bucais deletérios e o estabelecimento de uma sistematização de tratamento. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, nas bases de dados  eletrônicas: Pubmed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Sendo selecionados os artigos em inglês e português, que versam sobre os fatores etiológicos envolvidos nos hábitos bucais deletérios, seu diagnóstico, suas implicações clínicas e possibilidades de tratamento. Apresentam fatores etiológicos, diagnóstico e implicações clínicas para nortear as atitudes do cirurgião-dentista diante de possíveis más oclusões advindas de um hábito. É de suma importância a identificação precoce dos aspectos clínicos e físicos presentes nos pacientes com hábitos bucais deletérios para tratamento adequado, no momento certo. Foi possível verificar que o diagnóstico correto e a intervenção precoce trazem benefícios estéticos e funcionais ao paciente, evitando-se que as más oclusões incipientes originem deformidades esqueléticas permanentes de difícil tratamento, minimizando o tratamento corretivo posterior e atribuindo maior estabilidade nos resultados alcançados.   Palavras-chave: Hábitos. Etiologia. Má Oclusão.   Abstract Dentistry aims to balance and maintain oral structures to achieve anatomical, functional, muscular and structural objectives. Abnormal habits are characterized as behaviors that break this balance, through any abnormal function performed by the orofacial muscles. They interfere with the normal  occlusion development and are grounds for studies regarding its origins and consequences. In orthodontics, it is known that these behaviors affect the occlusion and ideal characteristics of dental bows, the concern with the normal development of dental occlusion motivated a literature review on deleterious oral habits and the establishment of a treatment systemization. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review, based on a search conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Articles that dealt with the etiological factors involved in abnormal oral habits, their diagnosis, clinical implications and treatment possibilities were selected. They present etiological factors, diagnosis and clinical implications to guide the dentist's attitudes towards possible malocclusions arising from a habit. It is extremely important to identify the clinical and physical aspects present in patients with harmful oral habits for appropriate treatment at the right time. Correct diagnosis and early intervention bring aesthetic and functional benefits to the patient, preventing incipient malocclusions from causing permanent skeletal deformities that are difficult to treat, minimizing subsequent corrective treatment and giving greater stability to the results achieved. A narrative literature review was carried out.   Keywords: Habits. Etiology. Malocclusion.

Author(s):  
Christina McKerchar ◽  
Paula King ◽  
Cameron Lacey ◽  
Gillian Abel ◽  
Louise Signal

Food availability refers to the adequacy of the supply of healthy food. It is a key concern for the wellbeing of tamariki Māori today. A narrative literature review methodology was applied to examine the literature and identify influences that enable the availability of healthy food for tamariki. Findings were synthesised and analysed using the Oranga Mokopuna framework—a rights-based approach grounded in tikanga Māori. Factors enabling healthy food availability for tamariki involve the fulfilment of their rights to (a) an environment that enables access to traditional foods and food practices, (b) be involved in decisions about their food environment, (c) the right to adequate food and (d) the highest attainable standard of health (and within this) to be protected from food marketing. There is limited evidence that the New Zealand government is meeting these obligations to tamariki. Thus, the right to healthy food needs to urgently be embedded across legislation, policy and practices.


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 902-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh ◽  
Elena Cassinerio ◽  
Maryam Modarres ◽  
Armin Zareiyan ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
...  

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Costas S. Constantinou ◽  
Andrew Timothy Ng ◽  
Chase Beverley Becker ◽  
Parmida Enayati Zadeh ◽  
Alexia Papageorgiou

This paper presents the results of a narrative literature review on the use of interpreters in medical education. A careful search strategy was based on keywords and inclusion and exclusion criteria, and used the databases PubMed, Medline Ovid, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINAHL, and EBSCO. The search strategy resulted in 20 articles, which reflected the research aim and were reviewed on the basis of an interpretive approach. They were then critically appraised in accordance with the “critical assessment skills programme” guidelines. Results showed that the use of interpreters in medical education as part of the curriculum is scarce, but students have been trained in how to work with interpreters when interviewing patients to fully develop their skills. The study highlights the importance of integrating the use of interpreters in medical curricula, proposes a framework for achieving this, and suggests pertinent research questions for enriching cultural competence.


Author(s):  
Sahar Mihandoust ◽  
Rutali Joshi ◽  
Anjali Joseph ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil ◽  
Cheryl J. Dye ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052110187
Author(s):  
Marco Grech

Background: Burnout among postgraduate medical trainees is common. It is a syndrome characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment. Burnout is seen as an organisational problem rather than the result of an individual’s ability to cope with the stress at work. The educational environment can play a pivotal role in the prevention of burnout among postgraduate medical trainees. This narrative literature review is aimed at assessing the effect of the educational environment on burnout in postgraduate doctors-in-training. Methods: A search of the databases Medline and PscyInfo for articles published between 2015 and 2020 was performed with the key words ‘burnout’ and ‘educational environment’ or ‘clinical learning environment’ or ‘postgraduate medical education’ or ‘learning environment’. Results: A total of 27 studies were identified and reviewed by the author. The prevalence of burnout reported varied widely between studies, ranging from 10% to 62%. Many of the factors that contribute to burnout form part of the educational environment, for example, hours worked, mistreatment, harassment and perceptions of injustice. Residency itself is a stressful period wherein trainees have to balance their responsibilities towards their patients with their responsibilities at home, all while furthering their studies and taking on new responsibilities. Interventions to prevent burnout and tackle existing burnout are multiple but very little solid evidence exists to attest to their efficacy. More research is needed to identify the most effective ways to deal with burnout in postgraduate medical trainees.


Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e06626
Author(s):  
Paulina Cecula ◽  
Jiakun Yu ◽  
Fatema Mustansir Dawoodbhoy ◽  
Jack Delaney ◽  
Joseph Tan ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Shumaira Rahim ◽  
Caitlin Bourgaize ◽  
Majid Khan ◽  
Laurie Matthew ◽  
Ian Barron

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