scholarly journals The Influence of the Aerobic Training on Muscle Hypertrophy: Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Anderson Geremias Macedo ◽  
David Michel de Oliveira ◽  
Astor Reis Simionato
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Training Schedule ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Volume Mode ◽  
Muscle Catabolism ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe literature presents some studies that show that aerobic exercise is responsible for mediating muscle catabolism. Thus, it is interpreted that continuous aerobic exercise produces little or no increase in muscle hypertrophy. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic training on muscle hypertrophy alone or in conjunction with resistance training. The present study is characterized by a review of the narrative literature, the databases of SciELO, Google academic and PubMed were consulted. Many studies show that aerobic training (AT) can promote hypertrophic responses in untrained individuals, however, these responses are related to exercise variables such as intensity, volume, frequency, and modality. Higher, continuous or interval intensities, at least 80% of the HRR, seem  to be capable of promoting hypertrophic responses when compared to low intensities. In addition, the training volume may also influence this response and different modalities may have a distinct response to muscle hypertrophy. While the combination of TA and resistance training (TR) corresponds to concurrent training (CT), the literature demonstrates that AT in CT can negatively affect acute and chronic hypertrophic responses depending on intensity, volume, mode and training schedule. Keywords: Exercise. Physical Education and Training. Metabolism. ResumoA literatura apresenta alguns estudos que mostram que exercício aeróbio é responsável por mediar o catabolismo muscular. Dessa maneira, interpreta-se que o exercício contínuo aeróbio produz pouco ou nenhum aumento na hipertrofia muscular. O objetivo desta revisão foi demonstrar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio sobre a hipertrofia muscular de forma isolada ou em conjunto com o treinamento resistido. O presente estudo caracteriza-se um delineamento de revisão de literatura narrativa, foram consultadas as bases de dados do SciELO, Google acadêmico e PubMed. Muitos estudos mostram que o treinamento aeróbio (TA) pode promover respostas hipertróficas em indivíduos não treinados, entretanto, estas respostas estão relacionadas às variáveis do exercícios como intensidade, volume, frequência e modalidade. Intensidades mais altas, contínuas ou intervaladas, no mínimo 80% da FCR, parecem ser capazes de promover respostas hipertróficas quando comparado a baixas intensidades. Além disso, o volume do treinamento também pode influenciar esta resposta e diferentes modalidades podem ter resposta distinta sobre a hipertrofia muscular. Enquanto a combinação do TA com o treinamento resistido (TR) corresponde ao treinamento concorrente (TC), a literatura demonstra que o TA no TC pode interferir negativamente nas respostas hipertróficas de maneira aguda e crônica dependendo da intensidade, volume, modalidade e programação de treinamento.  Palavras-chave: Exercício. Educação Física e Treinamento. Metabolismo.

scholarly journals Interval training during concurrent training optimizes cardiorespiratory adaptations in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ferrari ◽  
Cristine Lima Alberton ◽  
Stephanie Santana Pinto ◽  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
Ronei Silveira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Continuous Running

Abstract This study compared the effects of using continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training on cardiorespiratory adaptations in women. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned into one of the following groups: continuous running and resistance training (C-RUN, n = 10), interval running and resistance training (I-RUN, n = 11), or control group that performed resistance training only (RT, n = 11). Each group trained twice a week during 11 weeks. Oxygen uptake corresponding to the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1), second ventilatory threshold (VO2VT2) and maximal effort (VO2max) was measured in a maximal incremental test performed before and after training. Significant increases in VO2VT1, VO2VT2 and VO2max were observed in all training groups. VO2VT2 and VO2max presented time-group interactions, indicating that the magnitude of the increase in these variables was dependent on the training group (VO2VT2: C-Run = 6.6%, I-Run = 15.7%, RT = 1.7%; VO2max: C-Run = 7.2%, I-Run = 14.3%, RT = 2.7%). The effect size observed for post-training values comparing C-RUN and RT groups was d = 0.566 for VO2VT2 and d = 0.442 for VO2max. On the other hand, values of d = 0.949 for VO2VT2 and d = 1.189 for VO2max were verified between I-RUN and RT groups. In conclusion, the use of continuous and interval aerobic exercise during concurrent training improved different cardiorespiratory parameters in women, but in a greater magnitude when interval aerobic exercise was performed simultaneously to resistance training.

Concurrent Training for Women in Menopause: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielly Yani Fausto ◽  
Juliana Araujo Klen ◽  
Adriane Pogere ◽  
Fabiana Flores Sperandio ◽  
Melissa de Carvalho Souza Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Profile ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Menopausal Women

Objective: Propose a concurrent training protocol and evaluate the effects in depressive symptoms, anxiety, mood, sexual function, body fat, muscular strength, cardiorespiratory capability and hormonal profile of women in menopause through a randomized controlled trial. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial of two arms with 6 months of intervention with concurrent training with menopausal women (40 to 59 years old) with positive symptomatology to the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire and blood collection of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) ≥25 UI/ml, being randomly and distributed in two groups: experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). In the first trimester there will be 30 minutes of aerobic training and 30 minutes of resistance training; in the second trimester, 40 minutes of aerobic training and 20 minutes of resistance training. The weekly frequency will be 3 times a week, with sessions lasting 60 minutes, going through a period of neuromuscular adaptation, the intensity will be increased each month according to individual needs. The control group will maintain its activities normally receiving monthly calls to control and monitor its usual daily activities. Main outcome measures: Comparative analyzes will be applied between the results of EG and CG after the intervention period, and also pre and post-intragroup tests within both groups, in order to observe possible changes after the intervention. Conclusion: It is believed that this protocol is capable of treating the psychological, physical symptoms, hormonal profile and sexual function of menopausal women. Conclusion: It is believed that this protocol is capable of treating the psychological, physical symptoms, hormonal profile and sexual function of menopausal women.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training for Skeletal Muscle Size and Function: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Joshua F. Feuerbacher ◽  
Marvin Sünkeler ◽  
Nils Freitag ◽  
Bent R. Rønnestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Explosive Strength ◽  
Training Frequency

Abstract Background Both athletes and recreational exercisers often perform relatively high volumes of aerobic and strength training simultaneously. However, the compatibility of these two distinct training modes remains unclear. Objective This systematic review assessed the compatibility of concurrent aerobic and strength training compared with strength training alone, in terms of adaptations in muscle function (maximal and explosive strength) and muscle mass. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the influence of training modality, training type, exercise order, training frequency, age, and training status. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were systematically searched (12 August 2020, updated on 15 March 2021). Eligibility criteria were as follows. Population: healthy adults of any sex and age; Intervention: supervised concurrent aerobic and strength training for at least 4 weeks; Comparison: identical strength training prescription, with no aerobic training; Outcome: maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy. Results A total of 43 studies were included. The estimated standardised mean differences (SMD) based on the random-effects model were − 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.20 to 0.09; p = 0.446), − 0.28 (95% CI − 0.48 to − 0.08; p = 0.007), and − 0.01 (95% CI − 0.16 to 0.18; p = 0.919) for maximal strength, explosive strength, and muscle hypertrophy, respectively. Attenuation of explosive strength was more pronounced when concurrent training was performed within the same session (p = 0.043) than when sessions were separated by at least 3 h (p > 0.05). No significant effects were found for the other moderators, i.e. type of aerobic training (cycling vs. running), frequency of concurrent training (> 5 vs. < 5 weekly sessions), training status (untrained vs. active), and mean age (< 40 vs. > 40 years). Conclusion Concurrent aerobic and strength training does not compromise muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development. However, explosive strength gains may be attenuated, especially when aerobic and strength training are performed in the same session. These results appeared to be independent of the type of aerobic training, frequency of concurrent training, training status, and age. PROSPERO: CRD42020203777.

Abstract P633: Resistance Training Counteracts The Systemic Catecholaminergic Hyperactivation Associated With Experimental Diabetes, But Not Normalize Cardiac Sympathetic Outflow

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralmony A Santos ◽  
Kleiton A Silva ◽  
Juliana D Perez ◽  
Nestor Schor ◽  
Dulce E Casarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maximal Load

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that chronic diabetes in rats results in cardiomyopathy, associated with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity. On the other hand, it is well known that the beneficial cardiovascular effects of exercise training in diabetes are due in part to normalization of the sympathetic outflow and improvement in the responsiveness of the myocardium to autonomic stimulation. Recently, resistance training (RT) has been recognized as a useful therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic diseases and similar to aerobic exercise, has been reported to improve metabolic profile and body composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of moderate-intensity RT on circulating and cardiac catecholamines concentration, to understand whether this type of exercise is also associated with cardiovascular protection. Wistar rats (3 months old) were randomized into: control (C), diabetic (D), diabetic + RPT (DR) and diabetic + APT (DA). Animals were made diabetic with a single tail injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/Kg). Resistance exercise training was performed on a vertical ladder (5 days/week, 8 weeks) at 40-60% maximal load, and moderate aerobic training was performed on a treadmill (5 days/week, 8 weeks). Diabetes significantly increased plasma concentration of adrenaline (D: 5.3 ± 1.0 vs. C: 4.1 ± 0.6 ng/mL) and noradrenaline (D: 14.5 ± 0.2 vs. C: 3.1± 0.8 ng/mL), and both exercise modalities induced a significant reduction of them: adrenaline (DR: 1.1 ± 0.3; DA: 0.7 ± 0.16 vs. D: 5.3 ± 1.0 ng/mL) and noradrenaline (DR: 1.0 ± 0.2; DA: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs. D: 14.5 ± 0.2 ng/mL). Cardiac concentration of noradrenaline was also increased in diabetic group (D: 62 ± 7 vs. CS: 34 ± 6 pg/g) and only aerobic exercise was capable to reduce its concentration in heart tissue (DA: 30 ± 6 vs. D: 62 ± 7; DR: 55 ± 7 pg/g). The results from the present study show for the first time additional beneficial effects of RT on modulating SNS activity in diabetes. Moreover, considering that RT does not modulate cardiac catecholaminergic secretion, it also highlights the importance of aerobic training in diabetes treatment. Financial Support: FAPESP, CAPES, CNPq

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Blood Pressure in Indians: Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Punia ◽  
Sivachidambaram Kulandaivelan ◽  
Varun Singh ◽  
Vandana Punia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Western World ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

Introduction. High blood pressure (BP) is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which accounts for one in every eight deaths worldwide. It has been predicted that, by 2020, there would be 111% increase in cardiovascular deaths in India. Aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking, jogging, running, and cycling would result in reduction in BP. Many meta-analytical studies from western world confirm this. However, there is no such review from Indian subcontinent.Objective. Our objective is to systematically review and report the articles from India in aerobic exercise on blood pressure.Methodology. Study was done in March 2016 in Google Scholar using search terms “Aerobic exercise” AND “Training” AND “Blood pressure” AND “India.” This search produced 3210 titles.Results. 24 articles were identified for this review based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 1107 subjects participated with median of 25 subjects. Studies vary in duration from +3 weeks to 12 months with each session lasting 15–60 minutes and frequency varies from 3 to 8 times/week. The results suggest that there was mean reduction of −05.00 mmHg in SBP and −03.09 mmHg in DBP after aerobic training.Conclusion. Aerobic training reduces the blood pressure in Indians.

scholarly journals Concurrent Training and Detraining: brief Review on the Effect of Exercise Intensities

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
António C. Sousa ◽  
Henrique Pereira Neiva ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
Ana R. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Increased Strength

AbstractConcurrent resistance and aerobic training (CT) has been applied to optimize both strength and aerobic performance. However, it should be carefully prescribed, as there are some factors, as the training intensity, which have strong influence on training adaptations. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to analyze the scientific evidence regarding aerobic and resistance exercise intensities during CT and their effect on performance outcomes. The effects of exercise intensity on a subsequent detraining period were also assessed. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, the risk of bias was assessed, and the percentage of changes and effect sizes were quantified. CT improved running times (10 m, 30 m and 10 km) and strength performance (one-repetition maximum, countermovement jump) regardless of exercise intensity used (4–47%, ES=0.4–2.8). Nevertheless, higher aerobic training intensities (≥ lactate threshold intensity) resulted in higher aerobic gains (5–10%, ES=0.3–0.6), and greater neuromuscular adaptations were found when higher resistance loads (≥ 70% of maximal strength) were used (10–14%, ES=0.4–1.3). Most training-induced gains were reversed after 2–4 weeks of detraining. Although further research is needed, it seems that higher intensities of aerobic or resistance training induce greater aerobic or neuromuscular gains, respectively. Nevertheless, it seems that higher resistance training loads should be combined with lower aerobic training intensities for increased strength gains and minimal losses after detraining.

scholarly journals Changes levels of myokines after aerobic training and resistance training in post-menopausal females with obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwun Kang ◽  
Il Bong Park ◽  
Seung-Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract Background To investigate changes in levels of myokines after regular aerobic training and resistance training in post- menopausal females with obesity. Methods Among 41 post- menopausal obese females volunteered to participate in this study performed regular physical exercise training (aerobic exercise and resistance exercise). These participants were randomly assigned to one aerobic exercise group (n = 21) and one resistance exercise group (n = 20). The experimental group performed three days of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise per week (i.e., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) each group. Body composition, physical fitness, and myokines were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results Two-way within-factor ANOVA revealed group × time interaction for body mass index (BMI, p < 0.05). In the resistance exercise group, muscle endurance, power, and agility were significantly increased at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline. In the aerobic exercise group, muscle strength, flexibility, muscle endurance, and agility were greater at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline. Levels of IL-6, IL15, and BDNF were greater at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline in both exercise groups. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training can change levels of myokines and improve body composition and physical fitness of obese females. These findings provide preliminary evidence that obese females need to exercise or perform physical activity to improve their levels of myokines and physical fitness.

scholarly journals Blood Flow Restricted Exercise and Vascular Function

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
Koichi Okita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

It is established that regular aerobic training improves vascular function, for example, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and arterial stiffness or compliance and thereby constitutes a preventative measure against cardiovascular disease. In contrast, high-intensity resistance training impairs vascular function, while the influence of moderate-intensity resistance training on vascular function is still controversial. However, aerobic training is insufficient to inhibit loss in muscular strength with advancing age; thus, resistance training is recommended to prevent sarcopenia. Recently, several lines of study have provided compelling data showing that exercise and training with blood flow restriction (BFR) leads to muscle hypertrophy and strength increase. As such, BFR training might be a novel means of overcoming the contradiction between aerobic and high-intensity resistance training. Although it is not enough evidence to obtain consensus about impact of BFR training on vascular function, available evidences suggested that BFR training did not change coagulation factors and arterial compliance though with inconsistence results in endothelial function. This paper is a review of the literature on the impact of BFR exercise and training on vascular function, such as endothelial function, arterial compliance, or other potential factors in comparison with those of aerobic and resistance training.

scholarly journals Does Aerobic Training Promote the Same Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy as Resistance Training? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Luke C. Mcllvenna ◽  
Jackson J. Fyfe ◽  
Filip Sabol ◽  
David J. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

scholarly journals The Effect of Training (Aerobic and concurrent) and Cinnamon Supplementation on the Plasma Levels of Visfatin and Adiponectin in Overweight Diabetic Men

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigeh Hossienpour Delavar ◽  
Mehdi Baigzadeh ◽  
Hassan Safikhani
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Difference

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases caused by metabolic disorders, which is considered as a major global challenge. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two aerobic and concurrent (aerobic and resistance training) training protocols with supplementation of cinnamon on the level of some selected adipokines (visfatin and adiponectin) in overweight men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: for this purpose among The overweight and type II diabetic men in Kermanshah who were referred to a medical clinic, fifty people with BMI 28.55 ± 2.52 and age of 45.98 ± 6.79 who were volunteer to participate in research design, divided in five 10 people group consist of four experimental and one control group randomly. The experimental groups involve aerobic training, concurrent training, aerobic training along with cinnamon supplementation and eventually concurrent training along with cinnamon supplementation. While the experimental groups did the specific training, the control groups did no training throughout research design. Blood sampling were taken in experimental and control groups during pretest and posttest from anterior brachial vein. The variables were measured by ELISA method. Results: The results of ANCOVA and Bonferroni tests showed that both aerobic training and concurrent training (aerobic and resistance training) with and without cinnamon supplementation caused significant increase in plasma levels of adiponectin and significant decrease in plasma levels of visfatin in type two diabetic men.8 weeks of concurrent training in comparing with aerobic training was more effective in increasing the plasma levels of adiponectin and the difference between them was significant but the difference about plasma level of visfatin was insignificant. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the effect of both aerobic and concurrent training with and without cinnamon supplementation has significant effect on plasma levels of adiponectin and visfatin and except more increase in adiponectin level in concurrent group in comparing with aerobic group, nearly there are no differences in terms of training type and taking and no taking of cinnamon supplementation. Based the finding of this study, both aerobic and concurrent training especially with cinnamon supplementation is effective in improving the health of men with type 2 and overweight diabetes.

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