Development of Prototypes of Exercise Aids (Glow in the dark gate and ball) in an Effort to Increase the Success of Training Programs for Pre-porprov Athletes in Woodball Sports, Klaten Regency

The objectives of the research were to: (1) produce a prototype design of tools in training for beginner and advanced male woodball athletes, (2) test the design of a prototype tool that could be effectively used by athletes to improve skills in training at night, (3) the prototype could used to anticipate training schedule constraints for woodball athletes. The steps used in the development procedure are: (1) Potential and Problems, (2) Develop the initial product, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation 2 woodball experts and 2 equipment experts, (4) Design improvement, (5) Product Trial for 6 athletes, and (6) Usage Trial for 10 athletes. The final product is a prototype model of an exercise aid (glow in the dark gate and ball) that can be used for training at night. The results of tool validation from the assessment rubric of woodball experts and equipment experts can answer complaints about the tight schedule of activities for athletes, while the effectiveness of the tool model can help coaches in maximizing training programs with experimental assessments by woodball experts on small-scale trials and large-scale trials getting an average score average after doing the test.

Towards a New Mobile Educational Model

The development of mobile technologies and wireless networks encourages more research on Mobile Learning. Reviewing irregular verbs on a bus or organizing a training schedule on a Smartphone is becoming more common today. Mobile learning complements and enhances existing learning systems. Its development has been slowed in the early 2000s by both technical limitations and lack of dedicated teaching models. This article focuses on educational issues and proposes a solution by adopting the Method for Engineering Learning Systems MISA. Our work aims to identify basic elements, key characteristics and dimensions for developing the appropriate content for mobility. These elements are the basis for customization of the MISA method. Indeed, the different steps of MISA are governed by operating principles which ensure greater consistency and flexibility. Taking into account the specifications of Mobile learning in the development of these principles, we can adapt MISA to design a mobile learning system.

A Goal-Directed Account of Action Slips: The Reliance on Old Contingencies

People often keep engaging in behaviors that used to be successful in the past but which are knowingly no longer effective in the current situation, so called action slips. Such action slips are often explained with stimulus-driven processes in which behavior is caused by a stimulus-response association and without information about the outcome of the behavior. This process is contrasted with a goal-directed process in which behavior is selected because it is expected to lead to a desired outcome. Failing to act in line with changes in the outcome, is taken as evidence for stimulus-driven processes. Stimulus-driven processes are assumed to get installed after overtraining and to be deployed under poor operating conditions. In line with this, previous research has found that action slips are more likely to occur after extensive training and when under time pressure. We propose an alternative goal-directed explanation according to which action slips are not caused by a stimulus-driven process, but rather by a goal-directed process that relies on old, no longer accurate, outcome information. In the current study, participants learned four stimulus-response-outcome contingencies during a single (i.e., moderate training) or a four-day training schedule (i.e., extensive training). Afterwards two contingencies were reversed. Results show that after extensive training and when under time pressure, participants not only committed more action slips but also reported more old response-outcome contingencies in line with these action slips. This is consistent with the goal-directed explanation that action slips result from a reliance on old, no longer accurate outcome information.

The effectiveness of an online intervention in stimulating injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners. Results of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The online intervention Runfitcheck was developed to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Runfitcheck on injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners. Material and methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted among adult novice runners. The intervention group had access to the Runfitcheck intervention, the control group performed their running activities as usual. One, three, and five months after enrolment, participants reported retrospectively what they had done regarding injury-preventive behaviour (operationalised as (i) using a (personalised) training schedule; (ii) performing strength and technique exercises; and (iii) performing a warm-up routine prior to running). Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were used to analyse behavioural change. Results: The intervention group (n=715) searched more often for information about a warm-up routine (RR 1.211; 95%CI 1.080-1.357), added more often strength exercises to their warm-up routine ( RR 1.228; 95%CI 1.092-1.380). The intervention group performed more often running technique exercises compared to the control group (n=696) (RR 1.134; 95%CI 1.015-1.267), but less often strength exercises (RR 0.865 (95%CI 0.752-0.995). Within the group of runners that did not perform any warm-up routine at enrolment (n=272), the intervention group performed a regular warm-up routine more often than the control group (RR 1.461; 95%CI 1.084-1.968) No significant results were found for using a training schedule. Discussion and conclusion: The online intervention Runfitcheck was effective in stimulating aspects of injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners, mostly related to a warm-up routine.

The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training During Eight Weeks on Speed, Agility, and Acceleration in U19 Soccer Players

Aim: The aim in this study was to examine the impact of eight-week high-Intensity interval training on speed, agility, and acceleration under 19 (U19) soccer players. Materials and methods: Healthy 22 soccer players from Anadolu Selçukspor U19 football team, one of the 2nd League teams of Turkish Football Federation (TFF), participated voluntarily in this study. The soccer players taking part in the study were separated randomly into two as the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the age average of the players constituting the experimental group was 18.36±0.51 years, their height average was 1.77±0.06 m, and their body weight average was 71.76±6.52 kg while the control group’s age average was 17.55±0.69 years, height average was 1.76±0.04 m, and body weight average was 70.85±5.40 kg. In the study, the soccer players forming the experimental group attended a high-intensity interval training program three days a week for eight weeks, in addition to their regular training. The players of the control group continued their normal training schedule. The soccer players taking part in the study are the players who practice five days a week and play one official match. Results: In this study, through the comparison of the values of the pre-test and post-test regarding the speed and acceleration property of the soccer players of the experimental group, it was found that their post-test values were better (p<0.05). In terms of their agility property, an improvement of pro-rata 0.008 was seen in the experimental group, while the improvement of the control group took place at the proportion of 0.004 (p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been observed that 8-week high-intensity interval training is statistically significant in the speed and acceleration of soccer players. We contemplate that the inclusion of the high-intensity interval training within the annual training schedule in the field of soccer will affect the performance of the soccer players during the season more positively. Keywords: Agility, Soccer; Interval Training, Acceleration, Speed

Exercise Addiction in Athletes: a Systematic Review of the Literature

Athletes train on a pre-determined training schedule. Scheduled behaviors are difficult to become “addictive” because urges and cravings cannot be scheduled. Still, many scholars think that elite or competitive athletes can become addicted to their sport or exercise. The aim of this systematic literature review was to analyze scholastic papers on exercise addiction in athletes with a special view on their focus and prevalence estimates. Four databases were scrutinized, including PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, Crossref, and ScienceDirect, which resulted in 17 eligible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bulk of these studies compared athletes to non-athletes and employed a cross-sectional design. Their results suggest that the risk of exercise addiction is greater in athletes than non-athletes, along with a prevalence rate of up to >40%, which is ten times greater than that reported in a population-wide study. These findings are in discord with the definition and conceptualization of exercise addiction, which, according to previous calls, begs for the urgent clearer conceptualization of exercise addiction.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Tidak Aman pada Karyawan Departemen Produksi di PT X Jakarta

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Kasus perilaku tidak aman pada divisi produksi PT X Jakarta menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja dengan total 19 kasus dari data tahun 2015-2020. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengethui bebrapa faktor penyebab terkait dengan perilaku tidak aman pada karyawan departemen produksi di PT X Jakarta tahun 2021. Metode : Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah sectional cross. Populasi penelitian ini adalah karyawan pada divisi produksi PT X Jakarta. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 45 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner terdiri dari 6 variabel diantaranya adalah perilaku tidak aman, umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan, pelatihan K3 dan pengawasan. pengujian chi square dilakukan untuk melakukan analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil : Hasil dari penelitian diketahui bahwa ada hubungan yang kuat antara pendidikan (Pv=0.02), pelatihan (Pv=0.04) dan pengawasan (Pv=0.03) dengan kasus perilaku tidak aman, sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara umur (Pv=0.71) dan pengetahuan (Pv=0.92) dengan kejadian perilaku tidak aman. Kesimpulan : Perusahaan harus dapat mengoptimalkan segala bentuk program K3 yang ada dengan mengatur jadwal pelatihan K3 yanglebih baik lagi dan melakukan peningkatan pengawasan kepada seluruh karyawan terkait kecelakaan kerja yang disebabkan oleh perilaku tidak aman serta memberikan pembinaan yang lebih mendalam lagi terkait pengetahuan perilaku tidak aman. The Factors Associated With Unsafe Behavior in The Production Department Employees at PT X Jakarta Abstract Background : Any case of unsafe behavior in production department PT X Jakarta caused work accidents with a total of 19 cases from 2015 - 2020 data. The purposes of this experiment are to determine factors associated with unsafe behavior in production division employees at PT X Jakarta in 2021. Method : Research design used was sectional cross. Population of this study were employees in the production division of PT X Jakarta. 45 respondents are amounted for Sample in this experiment. Instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 6 variables, namely unsafe behavior, age, education, knowledge, K3 training and supervision. Chi square test are use to analyzing data with univariat and bivariat method. Result : The results showed that there was a significant correlation between education (Pv = 0.02), training (Pv = 0.04) and supervision (Pv = 0.03) with case of unsafe behavior, while there was no relationship between age (Pv = 0.71) and knowledge (Pv = 0.92) with the case of unsafe behavior. Conclusion : Companies must be able to optimize all forms of existing K3 programs by arranging a better K3 training schedule and increasing supervision of all employees regarding unsafe behavior that can lead to work accidents and providing deeper guidance regarding knowledge of unsafe behavior.

Intelligent Design of Tennis Player Training Schedule Based on Big Data of Complexity

Tennis players have more physical training content, and the training items are complex. For athletes, training programs that adapt to their individual characteristics should be formulated according to their physical characteristics. The current development of big data has brought about changes in thinking, management, and business models. The combination of complex systems and big data can also make breakthroughs in the sports field. Based on this, this article proposes a tennis player training schedule intelligent formulation system based on complex system big data. First of all, this article adopts the literature data method, comparative analysis method, experimental analysis method, etc., in-depth study of the concepts of big data, complex system, and the physical structure characteristics of tennis sports. This paper designs an intelligent system for making tennis players’ training schedule, which collects, transforms, and integrates tennis training data through the characteristics of big data. Then, the dynamic time regulation of tennis is performed through a complex system, and finally, the experimental system is analyzed. This article mainly analyzes the comparison of physical indicators between the experimental group and the control group before and after the experiment, the evaluation indicators of sports events, the strength training effects of tennis events, and the analysis of shoulder joint tests. There is no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the items before the experiment, P > 0.05 , which suggests that the physical fitness of the two groups of athletes is similar; in the posttest data, the experimental group and the control group have significant differences, P < 0.05 , indicating an effect from the experiment. In particular, in fan running, forward and backward strokes, and the serve, the scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, indicating that the use of the formulated training system demonstrated significant results.

Distance Learning in the Humanitarian Field amid the Coronavirus Pandemic: Risks of Creating Barriers and Innovative Benefits

The goal of the research is to study the risks and innovative benefits of distance learning. The main research method is an anonymous survey of academic staff (university teachers) and students (future philologists, foreign language teachers), based on the need to clarify the situation associated with the use of distance learning technologies in the conditions of the quarantine. The following data have been obtained in the course of the study: the most significant opportunities for distance learning, the level of satisfaction with distance learning technologies, the compliance with the previously drawn up training schedule in the distance learning conditions, the satisfaction with the promptness of informing about the training schedule, the use of distance learning technologies to provide feedback, the factors that affect the quality of the implementation of distance learning technologies, the teachers' positive experience of using distance learning technologies, the use of distance learning technologies when providing students with lecture materials, as well as the use of information resources of the institution by the students. The results of the study have revealed that both students and teachers are aware of the need to work in a distance learning environment, but the coronavirus pandemic has created new risks for the higher education system, which require an innovative approach to overcoming barriers in the distance learning system. The results of the article can be used in the organization of distance learning at a humanitarian university.

Distribution of Practice Combined with Observational Learning Has Time Dependent Effects on Motor Skill Acquisition

Studies of the benefits of a distributed practice schedule on motor skill acquisition have typically found that distribution of practice results in better learning. However, less research has focused on how the benefits of distributed practice are impacted by timing during acquisition. To examine how timing of skill acquisition interacts with distribution of practice we had two groups of participants complete either an extensive massed or distributed training schedule to learn a speed stacking sequence across ten sessions. For participants in both groups, we provided observational learning to facilitate skill acquisition. Analysis of speed stacking time on a retention test revealed an overall benefit for the distributed relative to the massed practice group. Interestingly, our analysis of the benefits of distributed practice during training only showed performance benefits in the early session (session one) and later sessions (sessions eight, nine, and ten) of skill acquisition but not mid-way through it (sessions two through seven). Our results support previous findings highlighting the learning benefits of a distributed practice schedule but suggest that these benefits occur differentially throughout acquisition. Our work also replicates research demonstrating that observational learning is more beneficial when it is yoked to actual practice.