Cross-linking at the Slit Lamp—Why Moving Corneal Cross-linking from the Operating Room to an Office-based Procedure Makes a Difference

ObjectiveTo report the trends for the use of eye protection methods during retinal laser in clinic and operating room.Methods and analysisRetrospective analysis of a 14-item survey questionnaire submitted to the European Vitreoretinal Society members.ResultsResponses from 630 members were analysed. Most of the respondents practised in Europe (52.7%), followed by North America (21.0%). The majority of respondents had laser filters in the microscope for the operating surgeon (92.1%), or used protective goggles (6.8%). Only 38.9% of respondents indicated that auxiliary staff in the operative room used protective goggles during laser treatment. Three-dimensional retina viewing system was used by only 22.5% of respondents, of those, 34.5% reported use of laser protection goggles by the operating surgeon. Rates of laser protection by auxiliary staff were 62.9% for indirect laser and 60.8% for slit lamp laser. We found a higher rate for use of laser protection by auxiliary staff in North America-based practices for endolaser (p<0.00001), laser indirect ophthalmoscope (p<0.00001) and slit lamp laser (p=0.00033) compared with the rest of the world.ConclusionThe use of laser protection methods is routinely adopted by the physicians in the operating room and clinic, but less so by their assisting or auxiliary staff.

Download Full-text

Ring-Shaped Corneal Stromal Opacities after Corneal Cross-linking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A Irradiation for Keratoconus

International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 140-143

Author(s):

George D Kymionis ◽

Aliki N Limnopoulou ◽

Nela Stojanovic ◽

Argyro D Plaka ◽

Vardhaman P Kankariya

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Slit Lamp ◽

Conjunctival Injection ◽

Ultraviolet A ◽

Slit Lamp Examination ◽

Uva Irradiation ◽

Body Sensation ◽

Stiffening Effect ◽

Stable Ring

ABSTRACT A 32-year-old female patient with progressive keratoconus in her right eye was treated with simultaneous customized photoreactive keratoctomy (PRK) and corneal cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and Ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Ten days after the procedure, the patient was presented with foreign body sensation, mild ring-shaped corneal infiltration with vascularization at the limbus and Trantas dots at slit-lamp examination along with conjunctival injection and papillary reaction. One month postoperatively, the conjunctival injection decreased but the limbus vascularization and circular infiltration remained. Five months postoperatively, there were no subjective complains and slit-lamp examination revealed circular pseudogerontoxon more dense superiorly. Best corrected visual acuty (BCVA) remained 20/20 and corneal topography remained stable. Ring-shaped intrastromal corneal infiltrate could appear after simultaneous PRK-CXL for progressive keratoconus without interfering with the stiffening effect of the procedure. How to cite this article Kymionis GD, Limnopoulou AN, Stojanovic N, Plaka AD, Kankariya VP. Ring-Shaped Corneal Stromal Opacities after Corneal Cross-linking with Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A Irradiation for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(2):140-143.

Download Full-text

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050780 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 154-155

Author(s):

D. James Morré ◽

Charles E. Bracker ◽

William J. VanDerWoude

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Conformational Changes ◽

Calcium Ions ◽

Surface Membrane ◽

Carboxyl Groups ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Ultrastructural Evidence ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Download Full-text

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006951x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 504-505

Author(s):

Ann M. Thomas ◽

Virginia Shemeley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Ion Exchange Resins ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

First Pass ◽

Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

Download Full-text

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093912 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 132-133

Author(s):

John H. Luft

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Chemical Stabilization ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Sufficient Condition ◽

Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Download Full-text

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128584 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 860-861

Author(s):

S.K. Aggarwal ◽

J.M. Fadool

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Gland ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Before And After ◽

Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

Download Full-text