Evaluation of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors Using Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness for Early Pregnancy in the US Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Changsoo Kim ◽  
◽  
Sung-Hee Yang ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Us ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Maternal abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness as a simple predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sukru Budak ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽  
Sedat Akgol ◽  
Mehmet Emin Dilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Obstetric Ultrasound ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Abstract Background To date, only a limited number of studies have evaluated the importance of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (ASFT) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ASFT measurement during routine obstetric ultrasound performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in predicting cases with GDM. Methods This prospective comparative study was conducted on 50 cases with GDM and 50 cases without GDM in the GDM screening program at 24–28 gestational weeks between January 2018 and May 2018. The most accurate ASFT cut-off point values were determined for the prediction of cases with GDM by performing receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The ASFT was higher in those with GDM compared to those without GDM (P < 0.05). For an ASFT cut-off point value of 18.1 mm for the prediction of cases with GDM, the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were 72.0%, 60.0%, 64.2% and 68.1%, respectively. The risk of GDM increased 3.86-fold in those with ASFT level >18.1 mm (P = 0.001). Conclusion The ASFT value measured by routine obstetric ultrasound performed at 24–28 weeks of gestation was found to be significantly higher in patients with GDM in comparison to those without GDM. However, further multi-centered and comprehensive prospective studies are required to better demonstrate this relationship.

scholarly journals How does antenatal lifestyle affect the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus? A secondary cohort analysis from the GeliS trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Günther ◽  
Julia Hoffmann ◽  
Lynne Stecher ◽  
Monika Spies ◽  
Kristina Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oral Glucose

Abstract Objectives We aimed to investigate the predictive potential of early pregnancy factors such as lifestyle, gestational weight gain (GWG) and mental well-being on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) beyond established risk factors. Methods GDM risk was investigated in the cohort of the German ‘Gesund leben in der Schwangerschaft’/healthy living in pregnancy study. Women were recruited up to the 12th week of gestation. GDM was diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation. Pre-pregnancy age and weight, mental health and lifestyle were assessed via questionnaires. Maternal weight was measured throughout pregnancy. Early excessive GWG was defined based on the guidelines of the Institute of Medicine. The association between several factors and the odds of developing GDM was assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Of 1694 included women, 10.8% developed GDM. The odds increased with pre-pregnancy BMI and age (women with obesity: 4.91, CI 3.35–7.19, p < 0.001; women aged 36–43 years: 2.84, CI 1.45–5.56, p = 0.002). Early excessive GWG, mental health and general lifestyle ratings were no significant risk factors. A 31% reduction in the odds of GDM was observed when <30% of energy was consumed from fat (OR 0.69, CI 0.49–0.96, p = 0.026). Vigorous physical activity tended to lower the odds without evidence of statistical significance (OR 0.59 per 10 MET-h/week, p = 0.076). Conclusions Maternal age and BMI stand out as the most important drivers of GDM. Early pregnancy factors like dietary fat content seem to be associated with GDM risk. Further evaluation is warranted before providing reliable recommendations.

scholarly journals High Fasting Plasma Glucose during Early Pregnancy: A Review about Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cosson ◽  
L. Carbillon ◽  
P. Valensi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Fasting Plasma

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is nowadays routinely measured during early pregnancy to detect preexisting diabetes (FPG ≥ 7 mmol/L). This screening has concomitantly led to identify early intermediate hyperglycemia, defined as FPG in the 5.1 to 6.9 mmol/L range, also early gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM). Early FPG has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, but the recommendation by the IADPSG to refer women with eGDM for immediate management is more pragmatic than evidence based. Although eGDM is characterized by insulin resistance and associated with classical risk factors for type 2 diabetes and incident diabetes after delivery, it is not necessarily associated with preexisting prediabetes. FPG ≥ 5.1 mmol/L in early pregnancy is actually poorly predictive of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed after 24 weeks of gestation. An alternative threshold should be determined but may vary according to ethnicity, gestational age, and body mass index. Finally, observational data suggest that early management of intermediate hyperglycemia may improve prognosis, through reduced gestational weight gain and potential early introduction of hypoglycemic agents. Considering all these issues, we suggest an algorithm for the management of eGDM based on early FPG levels that would be measured in case of risk factors. Nevertheless, interventional randomized trials are still missing.

scholarly journals Effects of Risk Factors for Pregnancy Outcomes of Subsequent Pregnancy Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijiao Xu ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Yanni Guo ◽  
Jie Liang ◽  
Jianying Yan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Lipid Levels

Abstract BackgroundSince the implementation of the three‑child policy in China, the number of high-risk pregnant women has increased, causing serious challenges to health care during pregnancy. In this article, we aimed to investigate the impact of several risk factors for maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and recurrent GDM to formulate a management strategy to minimize the effect of risk factors for gestational diabetes. ResultsPre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain affect maternal and child outcomes in the first and second onset of GDM. Pregnancy interval and fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy influence maternal and child outcomes of recurrent GDM. Maternal lipid levels during early pregnancy have a marked influence on neonatal outcomes in recurrent GDM.ConclusionsOn the basis of this result, weight management should be closely monitored before and during pregnancy. For planning of the second pregnancy with a previous history of GDM, a reasonable time between pregnancies is ideal. Moreover, in the next pregnancy, control of fasting blood glucose and lipid levels during the first trimester is necessary to improve both maternal and child outcomes.

scholarly journals Differing risk factors for new onset and recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus in multipara women: a cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Wenyu Huang ◽  
Lirui Zhang ◽  
Xin Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives To assess whether recurrent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and newly diagnosed GDM share similar risk factors. Methods The study recruited a cohort of 10,151 multipara women with singleton pregnancy who delivered between 2016 and 2019 in Beijing, China. The prevalence of recurrent GDM and associated risk factors were analyzed between women with and without prior GDM history. Results Eight hundred and seventy-five (8.6%) multipara women had a diagnosis of GDM during previous pregnancies. The prevalence of GDM and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus were 48.34% (423/875) and 7.89% (69/875) if the women were diagnosed with GDM during previous pregnancies, as compared to 16.00% (1484/9276) and 0.50% (46/9276) if the women were never diagnosed with GDM before. In women without a history of GDM, a variety of factors including older maternal age, higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI), prolonged interval between the two pregnancies, higher early pregnancy weight gain, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), maternal low birth weight, and higher early pregnancy glycemic and lipid indexes were generally associated with an increased risk of GDM at subsequent pregnancy. In women with a history of GDM, higher PPBMI, higher fasting glucose level and maternal birthweight ≥4000 g were independent risk factors for recurrent GDM. Conclusions GDM reoccurred in nearly half of women with a history of GDM. Risk factors for recurrent GDM and newly diagnosed GDM were different. Identifying additional factors for GDM recurrence can help guide clinical management for future pregnancies to prevent GDM recurrence.

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