scholarly journals Depresi dan Progresi Penyakit HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-700
Author(s):  
Nadia Putri Kinanti ◽  
Rara Warih Gayatri ◽  
Tika Dwi Tama
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract: Depression is a common problem that occurs in people with HIV. Depression in HIV patients is associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARV), the possibility of HIV transmission, virologic failure and progression of disease to AIDS. However, there is contradictory evidence that overlaps based on previous studies. This study aims to investigate the relationship between depression and HIV disease progression. This study uses PICOS in the literature search. The literature search used 3 databases, SpringerLink, BMC Public Health and PubMed. Literature study search used 5 keywords “Depression”, “HIV Progression” “low CD4”, “Viral load counts” and “HIV-related death”. A total of 1,763 articles were found and identified. Transparency of the identification process to find articles analyzed using PRISMA diagrams. Assessment of study quality using STROBE and Tool To Assess Risk of bias in Cohort Studies. This study reviewed 4 articles that fit the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. This study shows depression plays a role in HIV disease progression. 75 percent of the articles showed significant association between depression and CD4 cell decline, increased viral load and risk of death. Both depressive symptoms and depressive disorder (MDD) play a role in CD4 cell decline and viral load increase over a 4-6 year period. Depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed HIV represent an 8-12 percent higher risk of death within 2 years. For this reason, it’s necessary to screen for depression before conducting a VCT test to provide initial data on the mental health of HIV patients and to determine depression management programs in HIV patients. Abstrak: Depresi merupakan masalah umum yang terjadi pada penderita HIV. Depresi pada penderita HIV dikaitkan dengan kepatuhan terapi antiretroviral (ARV), kemungkinan penularan HIV, kegagalan virologi dan perkembangan penyakit menjadi AIDS. Namun, terdapat bukti kontradiktif yang saling tumpang tindih berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu. Studi ini bertujuan mencari hubungan depresi dan progresi penyakit HIV.  Studi ini menggunakan PICOS dalam pencarian literatur. Pencarian literatur menggunakan 3 database, Springerlink, BMC Public Health dan PubMed dengan menggunakan 5 kata kunci “Depression”, “HIV Progression” “low CD4”, “Viral load counts” dan “HIV-related death”. Sebanyak 1.763 artikel ditemukan dan diidentifikasi. Transparansi proses identifikasi menggunakan diagram PRISMA. Penilaian kualitas studi menggunakan STROBE dan Tool To Assess Risk of bias in Cohort Studies. Studi ini meninjau 4 artikel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Studi ini menunjukan depresi berperan terhadap progresi penyakit HIV. 75 persen artikel menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan antara depresi dengan penurunan sel CD4, peningkatan viral load maupun risiko kematian. Gejala depresi maupun gangguan depresi (MDD) memiliki peran dalam penurunan sel CD4 dan peningkatan viral load dalam periode 4-6 tahun. Gejala depresi pada penderita baru menunjukan 8-12 persen risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun. Untuk itu, diperlukan adanya skrining depresi sebelum melakukan tes VCT sebagai baseline data kesehatan mental pasien HIV dan penentuan program penanganan depresi pada penderita HIV.

scholarly journals Epidemiological studies of malaria parasite on HIV patients attending General Hospital Awo-Omamma, Oru East, Imo State,Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Treasure Njoku-Obi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World

HIV and malaria are the two most prevalent and deadly diseases in the world. Malaria and HIV accounted for about 255 million cases in 2017, with malaria having 86% of this distribution and HIV having 14% of the distribution. Given the overlap of their geographic distribution and resultant rates of coinfection, interactions between the two diseases pose major public health problems. This study was aimed at investigating the epidemiology of malaria –HIV co-infection in respect to sex, age and its association with CD4+ count and viral load. 230 HIV sero-positive participants and 100 HIV sero-negative participants(control) were employed for this study. 52 (22.6%) of the HIV infected participants tested positive for malaria while only 9(9.0%) of the non-HIV participants tested positive to malaria. The prevalence of malarial infection in HIV positive individuals was higher in females (23.9%) than in males (18.5%). While in age group of 30-39 showed the highest prevalence (35.3%) of co-infection. A high prevalence of 47.7% was recorded with CD4+ below 200 cells/μl than 7.6% in participants with CD4+ greater than 200 cells/μl. A highprevalence (49.2%) was also detected in patients with viral load of above 10,000 copies/μl compared to that of those with viral load less than 10,000 copies/μl(12.6%). This study showed a high prevalence of malaria in HIV patients in Awo-Omamma,Oru East, Imo state. This should be considered a great concern to public health. Thus, more effort should be put in research to curb this health issue.

scholarly journals Trends in CD4 and viral load testing 2005 to 2018: Multi-cohort study of people living with HIV in Southern Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Zaniewski ◽  
Cam Ha Dao Ostinelli ◽  
Frédérique Chammartin ◽  
Nicola Maxwell ◽  
Mary-Ann Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cd4 Testing

AbstractIntroductionWHO recommends a CD4 cell count before starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) to detect advanced HIV disease, and routine viral load (VL) testing following ART initiation to detect treatment failure. Donor support for CD4 testing has declined to prioritize access to VL monitoring. We examined trends in CD4 and VL testing among adults (≥15 years of age) starting ART in Southern Africa.MethodsWe analysed data from 14 HIV treatment programs with over 300 clinics in Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe in years 2005-2018. We examined the frequency of CD4 and VL testing, the percentage of adults with CD4 or VL tests, and among those having a test, the percentage starting ART with advanced HIV disease (CD4 count <200 cells/mm3) or failing to suppress viral replication (>1000 HIV-RNA copies/ml) after ART initiation. We used mixed effect logistic regression to assess time trends adjusted for age and sex.ResultsAmong 502,456 adults, the percentage with CD4 testing at ART initiation decreased from a high of 78.1% in 2008 to a low of 38.0% in 2017. The percentage starting with advanced HIV disease declined from 83.3% in 2005 to 23.5% in 2018. VL testing after starting ART varied; 61.0% of adults in South Africa and 10.7% in Malawi were tested but fewer than 2% were tested in the other four countries. The probability of having a CD4 cell count at ART start declined by 14% each year (odds ratio [OR] 0.86; 95% CI 0.86-0.86); the probability of advanced HIV disease declined by 20% per year (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.80-0.81). The increase in VL testing after ART start was only modest (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.05-1.06) and there was no evidence of a decrease in unsuppressed VL over time (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01).ConclusionsCD4 cell counting declined over time, including testing at the start of ART, despite the fact that many patients still initiated ART with advanced HIV disease. Without CD4 testing and expanded VL testing many patients with advanced HIV disease and treatment failure may go undetected, threatening the effectiveness of ART in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Role of detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients: Egyptian experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Elhalawany ◽  
Nessrin Shalaby ◽  
Amal Fathy ◽  
Ahmed S. Elmorsy ◽  
Mohamed Zaghloul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background Tuberculosis remains a worldwide problem fueled by the HIV epidemic. TB infection impacts HIV progression and mortality even with treatment. Egypt has increasing HIV prevalence, although still in low prevalent areas. Results Urinary LAM was positive in 22 (95.7%) of TB patients and 1 (1.9%) of non TB group. Sensitivity was 95.7%, specificity 98.1%, positive and negative predictive values were 95.7% and 98.1% respectively, with accuracy 97.4%. Urinary LAM ELISA assay has the highest sensitivity (95.7%) in relation to other tests used for TB detection in HIV patients and its concentration was highly correlated to CD4 cell count and the extent of radiological changes. Conclusion The use of urinary LAM in HIV patients is rapid, safe, available, and helpful tool for ruling in TB especially for those who cannot expectorate, critically ill, with low CD4, or presented by multiple system affection.

scholarly journals The effect of primary drug resistance on CD4+ cell decline and the viral load set-point in HIV-positive individuals before the start of antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326
Author(s):  
Anna Schultze ◽  
Carlo Torti ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme ◽  
Maurizio Zazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Viral Load Set Point ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Primary Drug

Bronchopulmonary Kaposi s sarcoma in 106 HIV 1 infected patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 518-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances B Hannon ◽  
Philippa J Easterbrook ◽  
Simon Padley ◽  
Fiona Boag ◽  
Ruth Goodall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical and radiological features at presentation, and the natural history of HIV related bronchopulmonary Kaposi s sarcoma. A retrospective review of medical records and chest radiographs was performed in 106 HIV infected homosexual men with bronchopulmonary Kaposi s sarcoma diagnosed at bronchoscopy between September 1988 and November 1994. The majority of patients had evidence of advanced HIV disease at diagnosis median CD4 cell count was 15 106 l, range 0-288 , and 93 had had a diagnosis of cutaneous Kaposi s sarcoma for a median duration of 11 months prior to diagnosis of their bronchopulmonary disease. The most frequent symptoms at presentation were cough 92 , dyspnoea 69 , pleuritic pain 20 , haemoptysis 13 and wheezing 10 . The most common radiological finding in 73 of our series was of poorly defined and confluent opacities, with predominant middle and lower zone involvement. Median survival was 4 months range 0-37 months from diagnosis and 9 months range 1-25 from the onset of symptoms. Treatment with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of death hazards ratio HR =0.48, 95 CI=0.26-0.87 . Factors associated with a poor survival, after adjustment for treatment effect were older age HR=1.79, 95 CI=1.22-2.84 for each 10 year increase in age; a history of pleuritic pain HR=2.97, 95 CI=1.39-6.32 ; presence of pleural effusion on X ray HR=2.01, 95 CI=1.13- 3.59 and a prior diagnosis of cutaneous Kaposi s sarcoma HR=1.8, 95 CI=1.00, 3.24 . Bronchopulmonary Kaposi s sarcoma occurs mainly in patients with advanced HIV disease and a prior history of cutaneous disease. Survival is poor, and adverse prognostic factors include older age at diagnosis and the presence of pleural disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Thyroid Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Ji ◽  
Changzhong Jin ◽  
Stefan Höxtermann ◽  
Wolfgang Fuchs ◽  
Tiansheng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Hcv Coinfection ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Thyroid dysfunction is more common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. But the effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) coinfection on thyroid function is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 178 HIV patients and determined the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and the relationship between thyroid hormone levels, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 duration, HAART duration/regimens, and HBV/HCV coinfection. Of the 178 patients, 59 (33.1%) had thyroid dysfunction, mostly hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more frequent in the HAART group (41/104, 39.4%) than in the HAART-naïve group (18/74, 24.3%;P<0.05). The mean CD4 cell count was significantly lower in patients with hypothyroidism (372 ± 331/μL) than in the other patients (P<0.05). The FT4 level was significantly lower in the HAART group than in the HAART-naïve group (1.09±0.23versus1.20±0.29 pg/mL,P<0.05). FT3/FT4 levels were negatively related to HIV duration and FT3 levels were positively related to CD4 cell (P<0.05). HBV patients had lower FT3 levels, while HCV patients had higher FT3 and FT4 levels (P<0.05). Thyroid dysfunction is more common in HIV patients on HAART, mainly manifested as hypothyroidism. FT3/FT4 levels are correlated with HIV progression. HBV/HCV coinfection increases the probability of thyroid dysfunction.

Early Postinfection Antiviral Treatment Reduces Viral Load and Prevents CD4+Cell Decline in HIV Type 2-Infected Macaques

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 1375-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW WATSON ◽  
JANELA McCLURE ◽  
JANE RANCHALIS ◽  
MARK SCHEIBEL ◽  
ANN SCHMIDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Cell Decline ◽  
Cd4 Cell

scholarly journals Effect of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment on HIV disease progression in HIV and Schistosoma mansoni co-infected patients: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Andrew Abaasa ◽  
Gershim Asiki ◽  
Andrew Obuku Ekii ◽  
Josephine Wanyenze ◽  
Pietro Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Hiv Progression ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: It has been hypothesised that Schistosoma co-infection exacerbates HIV progression, and hence anthelminthic intervention in co-infected individuals will delay it. We evaluated effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity praziquantel treatment of schistosomiasis on HIV disease progression among co-infected patients from fishing populations around Lake Victoria, Uganda. Methods: Between August 2012 and September 2015, we conducted an open-label randomised, controlled trial. Adults, antiretroviral therapy-naïve, CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μl, HIV and S. mansoni co-infected, were randomised 1:1 to praziquantel (40mg/kg) given quarterly (starting at enrolment) or annually (starting 12 weeks after enrolment; such that low-intensity participants were still untreated when sampled at 12 weeks). A non-randomised HIV-positive S. mansoni-negative comparison group was recruited. The primary outcome was mean change in plasma viral load at 12 and 60 weeks. Results: In total 363 participants (high-intensity 113, low-intensity 113, comparison group 137) were recruited; 96 (85.0%), 97 (85.8%) and 107 (78.1%) completed 60 weeks of follow up, respectively. Adjusting for baseline age and viral load, the geometric mean ratio (aGMR [95%CI]) viral load for high-intensity vs low-intensity groups at 12 weeks was 0.90 [0.65, 1.25] p=0.55 and at 60 weeks 1.88 [0.78, 4.53] p=0.16. Results in the comparison group were similar to trial arms. High-intensity, compared to low-intensity, treatment resulted in substantially lower S. mansoni prevalence at all follow up visits (p<0.05). Conclusions: In communities with a high burden of both S. mansoni and HIV infection, high-intensity treatment of S. mansoni does not delay HIV progression despite relevant benefit for parasite clearance. Trial registration: ISRCTN15371662 (17/11/2016)

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