Analysis of the role of vitamin D in the immune defense against COVID-19 in older adults

Background: Aim of this study is to summarise the role of Vitamin D in supporting the immune system,in covid vaccinated recipients. This is a observational study done between April 2021 t Methods: o June 2021 in Indian population. We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDIgG antibody & antispike antibodies following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants along with vitamin D levels in recipients above 60 years. They were tested after vaccination after two doses between 15-45 days. Before study inclusion criteria is, we have checked whether they were as seropositive or seronegative based on nucleocapsid total antibody results. of 310 Results vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and we have excluded them from the study of the 264 with no history of Covid-19, 70 were vitamin d decient (50M;20 F) & 194 (130 M:64 F) were vitamin d Sufcient. Responses were evaluated after two doses on an average post-vaccine RBD IgG concentration and Spike antibodies were each signicantly higher among the Vit d sufcient recipients compared to the vitamin D Decient recipients. An integrated approach is required to bett Conclusions: er understand aging and how vaccines work in elderly which will help in improving the immune response in older adults after vaccination.

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Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds—Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/5813095 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Mariangela Rondanelli ◽

Alessandra Miccono ◽

Silvia Lamburghini ◽

Ilaria Avanzato ◽

Antonella Riva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽

Physical Barriers ◽

Preventive Role

Maintaining a normal healthy immune defense system lowers the incidence and/or the severity of symptoms and/or the duration of common cold (CC). Physical barriers and innate and adaptive immunity have been involved during a CC episode. Vitamins C and D, zinc, and Echinacea have evidence-based efficacy on these immune system barriers. This review includes 82 eligible studies to consider the preventive role of these nutrients in immune clusters and in CC to provide advice on dosage and assumption of these nutrients. Regarding vitamin C, regular supplementation (1 to 2 g/day) has shown that vitamin C reduces the duration (in adults by 8%, in children by 14%) and the severity of CC. Considering zinc, the supplementation may shorten the duration of colds by approximately 33%. CC patients may be instructed to try zinc within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. As for vitamin D, the supplementation protected against CC overall, considering baseline levels and age. Patients with vitamin D deficiency and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit. Regarding Echinacea, prophylactic treatment with this extract (2400 mg/day) over 4 months appeared to be beneficial for preventing/treating CC. In conclusion, the current evidence of efficacy for zinc, vitamins D and C, and Echinacea is so interesting that CC patients may be encouraged to try them for preventing/treating their colds, although further studies are needed on this topic.

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Some new food for thought: The role of vitamin D in the mental health of older adults

Current Psychiatry Reports ◽

10.1007/s11920-009-0003-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

E. Paul Cherniack ◽

Bruce R. Troen ◽

Hermes J. Florez ◽

Bernard A. Roos ◽

Silvina Levis

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D

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The Role of Vitamin D in Cognitive Disorders in Older Adults

US Neurology ◽

10.17925/usn.2018.14.1.41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jake Gold ◽

Abdullah Shoaib ◽

Gopinath Gorthy ◽

George T Grossberg

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Synaptic Structure ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

And Function

The physiological effects of vitamin D on calcium/phosphorus metabolism have been well studied since its discovery in the early 20th century. With recent advances in cellular and molecular biology, its role in maintaining normal brain functions and the protection of neurons via maintenance of cellular homeostasis, immune regulation, modulation of synaptic structure and function are more clearly known. Recently, its deficiency is increasingly implicated in major neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular dementia. Older adults are particularly vulnerable not only because vitamin D deficiency becomes more prevalent with aging, but they also are often complicated with other comorbid illnesses. This article reviews the role of vitamin D in maintaining normal brain functions, and implications for vitamin D deficiency in cognitive disorders.

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The role of vitamin D deficiency in antituberculous protection

Infusion & Chemotherapy ◽

10.32902/2663-0338-2021-4-38-44 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

L.D. Todoriko ◽

Ya.I. Toderika ◽

O.S. Shevchenko ◽

O.V. Pidverbetska ◽

O.Ya. Pidverbetskyi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Human Body ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Main Task ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Treatment Access ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Vitamin D Receptors

BACKGROUND. The main task of modern phthysiology is a comprehensive search for ways to optimize the etiotropic and the pathogenetic treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The search for improved treatment in addition to etiotropic antimicrobial therapy lies in the plane of improving pathogenetic therapy. Analysis of the available scientific sources suggests that the efficacy of TB treatment can be improved by adding vitamin D to the pathogenetic treatment, as vitamin D metabolites support the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE. To determine the role of vitamin D in the immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory response in pulmonary TB and to assess the prospects of its impact on improving the effectiveness of treatment by analyzing information from available scientific sources on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was performed for the period December 2020 – August 2021. The search was conducted by Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, vitamin D, mechanism of action, pathogenesis, treatment. Access to various full-text and abstract databases was used as the main source of research. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A large number of studies conducted so far prove the link between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Vitamin D receptors have been found to be present on various surfaces of immune cells, including T and B cells, indicating that they need vitamin D to perform cellular functions. Vitamin D has been shown to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and that monocytes incubated with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) metabolites induce anti-TB activity. A number of studies have shown that vitamin D increases the body’s production of the antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin petelide family. Therefore, the narrowly analyzed analysis according to the literature suggests that in the conditions of full vitamin D status of the human body the course of TB will be favorable, and in case of vitamin D deficiency – which is primarily associated with genetic polymorphisms, the course of TB may be unfavorable. CONCLUSIONS. Vitamin D functionates as one of the activators of macrophages and plays a role in the immune defense of the human body against mycobacterial TB. The inclusion of vitamin D in the program of complex treatment of TB infection is promising, as it enhances the production of antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37. It can be used as one of the components of TB prevention in children.

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Abstract #406: The Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in the Detection of Hypoglycemia in Older Adults (> 65 Years Old)

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)45050-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Monica Plazarte ◽

Ayham Chamseddin ◽

Joe Chehade

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽

Glucose Monitoring

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The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000691 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Daniela Menichini ◽

Gianpiero Forte ◽

Beatrice Orrù ◽

Giuseppe Gullo ◽

Vittorio Unfer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Embryo Quality ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Endometrial Receptivity ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Beneficial Role

Abstract. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400–800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.

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