scholarly journals The role of vitamin D deficiency in antituberculous protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
L.D. Todoriko ◽  
Ya.I. Toderika ◽  
O.S. Shevchenko ◽  
O.V. Pidverbetska ◽  
O.Ya. Pidverbetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

BACKGROUND. The main task of modern phthysiology is a comprehensive search for ways to optimize the etiotropic and the pathogenetic treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The search for improved treatment in addition to etiotropic antimicrobial therapy lies in the plane of improving pathogenetic therapy. Analysis of the available scientific sources suggests that the efficacy of TB treatment can be improved by adding vitamin D to the pathogenetic treatment, as vitamin D metabolites support the innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE. To determine the role of vitamin D in the immunopathogenesis of the inflammatory response in pulmonary TB and to assess the prospects of its impact on improving the effectiveness of treatment by analyzing information from available scientific sources on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study was performed for the period December 2020 – August 2021. The search was conducted by Keywords: pulmonary tuberculosis, vitamin D, mechanism of action, pathogenesis, treatment. Access to various full-text and abstract databases was used as the main source of research. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A large number of studies conducted so far prove the link between vitamin D deficiency and the occurrence of pulmonary TB. Vitamin D receptors have been found to be present on various surfaces of immune cells, including T and B cells, indicating that they need vitamin D to perform cellular functions. Vitamin D has been shown to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and that monocytes incubated with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) metabolites induce anti-TB activity. A number of studies have shown that vitamin D increases the body’s production of the antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37, a member of the cathelicidin petelide family. Therefore, the narrowly analyzed analysis according to the literature suggests that in the conditions of full vitamin D status of the human body the course of TB will be favorable, and in case of vitamin D deficiency – which is primarily associated with genetic polymorphisms, the course of TB may be unfavorable. CONCLUSIONS. Vitamin D functionates as one of the activators of macrophages and plays a role in the immune defense of the human body against mycobacterial TB. The inclusion of vitamin D in the program of complex treatment of TB infection is promising, as it enhances the production of antimicrobial/antimycobacterial peptide LL-37. It can be used as one of the components of TB prevention in children.

Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2492-2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Romano ◽  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Elea Di Benedetto ◽  
Volha V. Zhukouskaya ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sleep Apnea Syndrome ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. Objective: The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders. Methods: The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders. Results: Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Conclusions: : Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are needed to better clarify these aspects.

scholarly journals Vitamin D signalling in adipose tissue

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1915-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherlyn Ding ◽  
Dan Gao ◽  
John Wilding ◽  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
Chen Bing
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development ◽  
And Function

Vitamin D deficiency and the rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity are both considered important public health issues. The classical role of vitamin D is in Ca homoeostasis and bone metabolism. Growing evidence suggests that the vitamin D system has a range of physiological functions, with vitamin D deficiency contributing to the pathogenesis of several major diseases, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Clinical studies have shown that obese individuals tend to have a low vitamin D status, which may link to the dysregulation of white adipose tissue. Recent studies suggest that adipose tissue may be a direct target of vitamin D. The expression of both the vitamin D receptor and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) genes has been shown in murine and human adipocytes. There is evidence that vitamin D affects body fat mass by inhibiting adipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Some recent studies demonstrate that vitamin D metabolites also influence adipokine production and the inflammatory response in adipose tissue. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency may compromise the normal metabolic functioning of adipose tissue. Given the importance of the tissue in energy balance, lipid metabolism and inflammation in obesity, understanding the mechanisms of vitamin D action in adipocytes may have a significant impact on the maintenance of metabolic health. In the present review, we focus on the signalling role of vitamin D in adipocytes, particularly the potential mechanisms through which vitamin D may influence adipose tissue development and function.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Immunological Patterns of Allergic Diseases in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka ◽  
Agata Tomaszewska ◽  
Jacek Z. Kubiak ◽  
Bolesław Kalicki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Interleukin 22

Vitamin D, in addition to its superior role as a factor regulating calcium-phosphate metabolism, shows wide effects in other processes in the human body, including key functions of the immune system. This is due to the presence of vitamin D receptors in most cells of the human body. In our study, we aimed to assess whether there is a correlation between vitamin D content and the clinical course of allergic diseases as well as establish their immunological parameters in children. We found that vitamin D deficiency was significantly more frequent in the group of children with an allergic disease than in the control group (p = 0.007). Statistically significant higher vitamin D concentrations in blood were observed in the group of children with a mild course of the disease compared to children with a severe clinical course (p = 0.03). In the group of children with vitamin D deficiency, statistically significant lower percentages of NKT lymphocytes and T-regulatory lymphocytes were detected compared to the group of children without deficiency (respectively, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), which highlights a potential weakness of the immune system in these patients. Furthermore, statistically higher levels of interleukin-22 were observed in the group of children with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01), suggesting a proinflammatory alert state. In conclusion, these results confirm the positive relationship between the optimal content of vitamin D and the lesser severity of allergic diseases in children, establishing weak points in the immune system caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.

scholarly journals Non-Musculoskeletal Benefits of Vitamin D beyond the Musculoskeletal System

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Sicheng Zhang ◽  
Duane D. Miller ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble prohormone, is endogenously synthesized in response to sunlight or taken from dietary supplements. Since vitamin D receptors are present in most tissues and cells in the body, the mounting understanding of the role of vitamin D in humans indicates that it does not only play an important role in the musculoskeletal system, but has beneficial effects elsewhere as well. This review summarizes the metabolism of vitamin D, the research regarding the possible risk factors leading to vitamin D deficiency, and the relationships between vitamin D deficiency and numerous illnesses, including rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia, muscle weakness and falls, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, and neurological disorders. The system-wide effects of vitamin D and the mechanisms of the diseases are also discussed. Although accumulating evidence supports associations of vitamin D deficiency with physical and mental disorders and beneficial effects of vitamin D with health maintenance and disease prevention, there continue to be controversies over the beneficial effects of vitamin D. Thus, more well-designed and statistically powered trials are required to enable the assessment of vitamin D’s role in optimizing health and preventing disease.

The role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (19) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antal Salamon ◽  
Csaba Biró ◽  
Erzsébet Toldy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age

The diverse effects of vitamin D in human body became known during the last years. Vitamin D deficiency causes many problems in medical care. Important roles of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium metabolism and the effect on bone metabolism. The authors review literature data on vitamin D deficiency recognized as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures and they call attention of Hungarian physicians to the importance of vitamin D substitution. Supplementation of vitamin D deficiency is particularly important in the elderly age-group. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 731–736.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency and its Importance - A Global Problem of Today, Realistic or Not?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Z. Milovanović
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Metabolic Product ◽  
World Population ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract Vitamin D, also known as the “sun vitamin” in the literature, has been examined for many years and still arouses researchers’ interest due to the pleiotropic effects achieved in the human body. Because of the influence on mineral homeostasis, the initially observed effects of vitamin D on the prevention and treatment of rickets, have now been extended to a large number of diseases with different aetiologies such as cardiovascular, autoimmune, endocrine, infectious, neurological, malignant and other diseases. Due to the large number of experimental studies in animals and humans, we have exact information about the role of vitamin D in many of these conditions. Reaching an adequate level of 25(OH)D in the human body is a basic requirement for the realization of these effects; 25(OH)D is a metabolic product that reflects the vitamin D status but that does not have any biological activity. The biological activities of vitamin D can occur only after the formation of a second metabolic product, 1,25(OH)2D, in the kidneys. The three main sources of acquiring vitamin D are through food, skin and supplementation. Food is not a rich source of vitamin D; it is clear that the most important influences to achieve an optimal vitamin D status in the human body are vitamin D synthesis at the skin and adequate supplementation intake. An alarming fact is that vitamin D deficiency is detected in an increasing number of people from one day to another in the general world population and that this condition has pandemic dimensions. Introducing the beneficial effects and sources of vitamin D to the general population and to medical experts with adequate supplementation regime can decrease the number of people who are vitamin D deficient.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chien Sung ◽  
Min-Tser Liao ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu ◽  
Chia-Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Increase Insulin Resistance

Vitamin D is characterized as a regulator of homeostasis of bone and mineral metabolism, but it can also provide nonskeletal actions because vitamin D receptors have been found in various tissues including the brain, prostate, breast, colon, pancreas, and immune cells. Bone metabolism, modulation of the immune response, and regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation are all biological functions of vitamin D. Vitamin D may play an important role in modifying the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of type 2 DM is increasing worldwide and results from a lack of insulin or inadequate insulin secretion following increases in insulin resistance. Therefore, it has been proposed that vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in insulin resistance resulting in diabetes. The potential role of vitamin D deficiency in insulin resistance has been proposed to be associated with inherited gene polymorphisms including vitamin D-binding protein, vitamin D receptor, and vitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase gene. Other roles have been proposed to involve immunoregulatory function by activating innate and adaptive immunity and cytokine release, activating inflammation by upregulation of nuclear factorκB and inducing tumor necrosis factorα, and other molecular actions to maintain glucose homeostasis and mediate insulin sensitivity by a low calcium status, obesity, or by elevating serum levels of parathyroid hormone. These effects of vitamin D deficiency, either acting in concert or alone, all serve to increase insulin resistance. Although there is evidence to support a relationship between vitamin D status and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. The purpose of this paper was to review the current information available concerning the role of vitamin D in insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Vitamin D imbalance effects on dentoalveolar system: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
E. Y. Diachkova ◽  
D. O. Trifonova ◽  
M. O. Ibadulaeva ◽  
G. E. Runova ◽  
V. V. Fadeyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
System A ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays an important role in the human body. There are two main native forms – vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). The regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism and ensuring adequate bone remodeling are the most studied function of vitamin D. In recent years, researchers have found out the «extra-bone» effects of vitamin D and it allows us to be convinced of the great role of this compound. The participation of active forms of vitamin D in the processes of immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiproliferative effects and stimulation of cell differentiation are reflected in diseases of the maxillofacial region.In this article, we examined the main functions of vitamin D in the human body, the mechanisms of its action and influence on the occurrence and course of oral diseases. The discovery of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the processes of osseointegration, bone remodeling, the severity of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, squamous cell carcinoma and periodontitis allow us to conclude that it is advisable to diagnose vitamin D deficiency in appropriate time and correction its serum level in dental patients.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

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