scholarly journals Urban employment in post-transition economies: skill mismatch in the local labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297
Author(s):  
Jelena J. Stanković ◽  
Marija Džunić ◽  
Srđan Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Gap Measurement

The paper explores the mismatch between the skills and qualifications required by the labour market and those acquired through education and on-the-job learning. The skill mismatch in transition economies tends to be even more pronounced as the labour markets in these countries are characterized by structural unemployment, affecting both older workers with obsolete skills and the young ones. Employers face poor incentives for investing in workforce skill development, due to the inadequate investment climate and volatile business environment. Transition countries face increasing outward mobility of an educated workforce, loss of human capital, and shortage of workforce in the fields such as ICT, medicine, science and research. The research is based on empirical data generated in a survey on ICT and manufacturing enterprises in the City of Niš, Serbia. The research methodology combines workers' self-assessment method for the skill gap measurement and the competence approach combined with the statistical methods. The findings indicate the presence of a qualification mismatch, in the form of the over-qualification as a dominant irregularity in the analysed labour market. The results of the study are expected to contribute to creating a network of policy instrumentaria that tend to be effective on a sub-national level in addressing the mismatch.

scholarly journals Retirement in a global labour market: a call for abolishing the fixed retirement age

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Baruch ◽  
Susan Sayce ◽  
Andros Gregoriou
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Current System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore potential benefits and possible pitfalls of the removal of the default retirement age. Design/methodology/approach – A human capital and labour market perspective provide theoretical lenses for exploring the potential implications for individuals, organizations and societies. The paper employs financial costing analysis to demonstrate. Findings – The paper uses the UK case to illustrate anticipated managerial and societal outcomes. The main finding from the discussion and the financial analysis is that indeed the current system is unsustainable. Originality/value – The paper offers areas where lessons about age management can be learnt from other experiences of flexible retirement strategies such as enhancing older workers ' human capital. The idea is of global nature and relevance and forms a “wake-up call” for decision makers at national level.

Creating Productive Jobs in East European Transition Economies: a Synthesis of Firm-Level Studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 108-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Brown ◽  
John S. Earle
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
East European ◽  
Job Reallocation ◽  
Firm Turnover ◽  
Market Liberalisation ◽  
Productivity Gains

The challenge for labour market policy in the new member states and other transition economies of Eastern Europe has been to redress the sharp drops in employment and rises in unemployment in a way that fosters the creation of productive jobs. This paper first documents the magnitude and productivity of job and worker reallocation. It then investigates the effects of privatisation, product and labour market liberalisation, and obstacles to growth in the new private sector on reallocation and its productivity in Hungary, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. We find that market reform has resulted in a large increase in the pace of job reallocation, particularly that occurring between sectors and via firm turnover. Unlike under central planning, the job reallocation during the transition has contributed significantly to aggregate productivity growth. Privatisation has not only stimulated intrasectoral job reallocation, but the reallocation is more productive than that among remaining state firms. The estimated effect of privatisation on firm productivity is usually positive, but it varies considerably across countries. The productivity gains from privatisation have generally not come at the expense of workers, but are associated rather with increased wages and employment.

scholarly journals Ageing Organisations and the Extension of Working Lives: A Case Study Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIETEKE CONEN ◽  
KÈNE HENKENS ◽  
JOOP SCHIPPERS
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Health Related

AbstractThis paper examines how the economic climate and policy changes at national level have been affecting organisational practices, aimed at the extension of working lives of older workers, over the last decade. We analyse case studies conducted among Dutch organisations. Our findings show that personnel policies are typically short-term oriented and vary in their existence and content congruous to the economic climate. Policy changes in retirement arrangements, and the debate about raising the official retirement age, have made both employees and employers realise that the extension of working lives has become an unavoidable fact, although both parties still seem intrinsically opposed to it. Changes to safety regulations and the increase in costs for employers if employees drop out of work due to ill health have led to an increasing focus on health-related measures in professions with intense physical work over the last decade. We conclude that, while national level policy changes in areas like health and safety do percolate down and begin to affect organisational practice, it is at the organisational level that they still need to be worked through.

Are Older Workers Disadvantaged in the Hong Kong Labour Market?

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lok Sang Ho ◽  
Xiang Dong Wei ◽  
Jan P. Voon
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers

Social partnership as an approach to CSR: ‘traditional’ and ‘new’ actors, their roles and relations

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Mailand
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Active Labour Market Policy ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners

This article reports on research into social partnerships aiming at labour market inclusion that developed during the 1990s in Denmark, the UK and Spain. Some of these partnerships are directly related to corporate social responsibility (CSR initiatives in individual firms), whereas others are only indirectly related (for instance, active labour market policy initiatives at local, regional and national level). Developments such as new target groups for such policies, the weakening of the social partners, ideological change, policy transfer and budget constraints of the state have led to more partnerships taking a multipartite form, meaning that not only the public authorities and the social partners, but also new actors such as business networks, commercial operators and NGOs, participate. The involvement of new actors poses a challenge for the traditional actors – among them the trade unions. Whether the relations between traditional and new actors are best described by conflict or by cooperation cannot be explained by regime theories. The decisive factor seems to be the extent to which the new actors challenge the privileged positions of the traditional actors.

scholarly journals The role of SMEs in innovation-oriented economic development

2017 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Tamás Köpeczi-Bócz ◽  
Mónika Lőrincz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
National Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
The One

Both at European and national level tertiary and quaternary sectors are concentrated in the metropolitan centre. In the rural areas only the sites of such sectors can be found the premises of which temporarily transform the sectoral structure of these areas, but from the regional development aspect they did not prove to be an effective strategy.The European Commission is now focusing on growth from innovation, which could become the driving force behind productivity growth and the economy’s long-term trend. The innovation-oriented economic development’s key players are on the one hand the knowledge-intensive enterprises, on the other hand the universities. Tertiary education can play a role – among others – in shaping and creating the development of knowledge intensive business environment and conditions, on the other hand it can assist the development of network contacts – another precondition of employment growth.

scholarly journals Changes And New Constraints In The Competition Rules Enforcement Due To Accession: The Perception Of The Romanian Companies

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Dima
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Free Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Many times, in the attempt to win or to maintain an advantageous position on the market, the economic agent will use a whole arsenal of practices (inclusively and mostly from the marketing field), most of them anticompetitive, with a negative impact on the business environment, which also affects the well-being of the consumer. The policy in the field of competition is the one that defines these types of behaviour and penalizes them depending on the importance of their negative impact, by creating a complex and coherent legislative and institutional mechanism. The right enforcement of the competition policy at the national level is the key in this process, but this should be coordinated with the regional and international objectives and regulations in this field. Romania is facing a double challenge: on the one side, it had to set up a competition policy, which was almost ignored before the90s, on the other side, it had to comply, recently, with high standards in the field, as an EU candidate. Now, as a member state, the promotion of a competition culture becomes a must, along with the design of an adequate system of information and knowledge dissemination for all of those involved. The paper is based on a original and qualitative research and aims at emphasising the increased necessity of the promotion of a competition culture for the competitiveness of the Romanian business environment on the European level in the new context of accession. This will help Romanian business to face the competition challenges within a more extended single European market, as an essential issue of the free market economy status recently granted, and accordingly to the most important EU objectives set up at Lisabon to become the most competitive economy in the world up to 2010.

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