scholarly journals Global viral hepatitis elimination by the year 2030

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Richard Tjan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Universal Health

According to a report by Stanaway et al.(1) in 2016, the absolute burden and relative rank of viral hepatitis increased between 1990 and 2013. For example, the number of global deaths due to viral hepatitis increased from 0.89 million to 1.45 million, indicating a need for its reduction. In this connection, on 28 May 2016 the 69th World Health Assembly adopted the global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis for the period 2016–2021,(2) as outlined in the report A69/32 of the Secretariat,(3) with the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis B and C by the year 2030. The global health sector strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis has constructed a roadmap toward the elimination of viral hepatitis B and C, targeting five priority prevention and treatment interventions. Prevention involves universal hepatitis B immunization of infants, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, increased injection safety and blood safety, and increased harm reduction, the implementation of which will contribute toward universal health coverage, which is the target for Goal 3 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In combination with treatment of chronic hepatitis, the goal is to achieve by the year 2030 a reduction in the incidence of viral hepatitis by 90% and mortality by 65%.(3,4)

scholarly journals Towards elimination of hepatitis B and C in European Union and European Economic Area countries: monitoring the World Health Organization’s global health sector strategy core indicators and scaling up key interventions

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika F Duffell ◽  
Dagmar Hedrich ◽  
Otilia Mardh ◽  
Antons Mozalevskis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
The World

The World Health Organization ‘Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016–2021’ aimed at the elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat provides a significant opportunity to increase efforts for tackling the epidemics of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections across Europe. To support the implementation and monitoring of this strategy, core epidemiological and programmatic indicators have been proposed necessitating specific surveys, the systematic collection of programmatic data and the establishment of monitoring across the care pathway. European Union and European Economic Area countries already made progress in recent years implementing primary and secondary prevention measures. Indeed, harm reduction measures among people who inject drugs reach many of those who need them and most countries have a universal hepatitis B vaccination programme with high coverage above 95%. However, while a further scaling up of prevention interventions will impact on incidence of new infections, treating those already infected is necessary to achieve reductions in mortality. The epidemiological, demographic and socio-political situation in Europe is complex, and considerable diversity in the programmatic responses to the hepatitis epidemic exists. Comprehension of such issues alongside collaboration between key organisations and countries will underpin any chance of successfully eliminating hepatitis.

scholarly journals Analyzing efforts to synergize the global health agenda of universal health coverage, health security and health promotion: a case-study from Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Worku Tadesse ◽  
Kassu Ketema Gurmu ◽  
Selamawit Tesfaye Kebede ◽  
Mahlet Kifle Habtemariam
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Health Agenda

Abstract Background Evidence exists about synergies among universal health coverage, health security and health promotion. Uniting these three global agendas has brought success to the country’s health sector. This study aimed to document the efforts Ethiopia has made to apply nationally synergistic approaches uniting these three global health agendas. Our study is part of the Lancet Commission on synergies between these global agendas. Methods We employed a case study design to describe the synergistic process in the Ethiopian health system based on a review of national strategies and policy documents, and key informant interviews with current and former policymakers, and academics. We analyzed the “hardware” (using the World Health Organization’s building blocks) and the “software” (ideas, interests, and power relations) of the Ethiopian health system according to the aforementioned three global agendas. Results Fragmentation of health system primarily manifested as inequities in access to health services, low health workforce and limited capacity to implementation guidelines. Donor driven vertical programs, multiple modalities of health financing, and inadequate multisectoral collaborations were also found to be key features of fragmentation. Several approaches were found to be instrumental in fostering synergies within the global health agenda. These included strong political and technical leadership within the government, transparent coordination, and engagement of stakeholders in the process of priority setting and annual resource mapping. Furthermore, harmonization and alignment of the national strategic plan with international commitments, joint financial arrangements with stakeholders and standing partnership platforms facilitated efforts for synergy. Conclusions Ethiopia has implemented multiple approaches to overcome fragmentation. Such synergistic efforts of the primary global health agendas have made significant contributions to the improvement of the country’s health indicators and may promote sustained functionality of the health system.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnostics for Hepatitis B and C Viruses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet A. Shenge ◽  
Carla Osiowy
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The global health challenge posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) persists, especially in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), where underdiagnosis of these viral infections remains a barrier to the elimination target of 2030. HBV and HCV infections are responsible for most liver-related mortality worldwide. Infected individuals are often unaware of their condition and as a result, continue to transmit these viruses. Although conventional diagnostic tests exist, in LMIC they are largely inaccessible due to high costs or a lack of trained personnel, resulting in poor linkage to care and increased infections. Timely and accurate diagnosis is needed to achieve elimination of hepatitis B and C by the year 2030 as set out by the World Health Organization Global Health Sector Strategy. In this review rapid diagnostic tests allowing for quick and cost-effective screening and diagnosis of HBV and HCV, are discussed, as are their features, including suitability, reliability, and applicability in LMIC, particularly those within Africa.

The Path Toward Universal Health Coverage

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Yassoub ◽  
Mohamad Alameddine ◽  
Shadi Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Universal Health

Lebanon is a middle-income country with a market-maximized healthcare system that provides limited social protection for its citizens. Estimates reveal that half of the population lacks sufficient health coverage and resorts to out-of-pocket payments. This study triangulated data from a comprehensive review of health packages of countries similar to Lebanon, the Ministry of Public Health statistics, and services suggested by the World Health Organization for inclusion in a health benefits package (HBP). To determine the acceptability and viability of implementing the HBP, a stakeholder analysis was conducted to identify the knowledge, positions, and available resources for the package. The results revealed that the private health sector, having the most resources, is least in favor of implementing the package, whereas the political and civil society sectors support implementation. The main divergence in opinions among stakeholders was on the abolishment of out-of-pocket payments, mainly attributed to the potential abuse of the HBP’s services by users. The study’s findings encourage health decision makers to capitalize on the current political readiness by proposing the HBP for implementation in the path toward universal health coverage. This requires a consultative process, involving all stakeholders, in devising the strategy and implementation framework of a HBP.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B and C among female sex workers in Togo, West Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259891
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Bitty-Anderson ◽  
Valentine Ferré ◽  
Fifonsi A. Gbeasor-Komlanvi ◽  
Martin Kouame Tchankoni ◽  
Arnold Sadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The World

Background Hepatitis B and C are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with prevalence among the highest in the World. However, several challenges impede the progression towards the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 as suggested by the World Health Organization Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, including the lack of knowledge on the scale of this epidemic in the region. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among female sex workers (FSW) in Togo. Methods This ancillary study from a national cross-sectional bio-behavioral study was conducted in 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in eight towns of Togo among FSW. Socio-demographic, behavioral and sexual characteristics were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for HIV, hepatitis B and C serological testing. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and a logistic regression model. Results Out of the 1,036 FSW recruited for this study, biological analyses for viral hepatitis were completed for 769 of them. The median age was 26 years [IQR: 22–33] and 49.8% (n = 383) had attained secondary school. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 9.9% [95% CI: (7.9–12.2)] and the prevalence of hepatitis C was 5.3% [95% CI: (3.9–7.2)]. Higher hepatitis B and C prevalence was associated with recruitment out of Lomé (aOR: 6.63; 95%CI: 3.51–13.40, p <0.001 and OR: 2.82; 95% CI: [1.37–5.99]; p<0.001, respectively) and, for hepatitis B, with never using condoms for vaginal intercourse (OR: 3.14; 95%CI: [1.02–8.71]; p<0.05). Conclusions Results from this study reveals high prevalence of hepatitis B and C among FSW in Togo and an opportunity for advocacy toward the introduction of immunizations and treatment in this population.

scholarly journals Global Disparities in Hepatitis B Elimination—A Focus on Africa

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Mark W. Sonderup ◽  
C. Wendy Spearman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Birth Dose ◽  
The Will ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Mother To Child

In 2016, WHO member states at the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Health Sector Strategy that included a policy of eliminating viral hepatitis. Clear targets were established to assist in achieving this by 2030. The strategy, while achievable, has exposed existing global disparities in healthcare systems and their ability to implement such policies. Compounding this, the regions with most disparity are also those where the hepatitis B prevalence and disease burden are the greatest. Foundational to hepatitis B elimination is the identification of both those with chronic infection and crucially pregnant women, and primary prevention through vaccination. Vaccination, including the birth dose and full three-dose coverage, is key, but complete mother-to-child transmission prevention includes reducing the maternal hepatitis B viral load in the third trimester where appropriate. Innovations and simplified tools exist in order to achieve elimination, but what is desperately required is the will to implement these strategies through the support of appropriate investment and funding. Without this, disparities will continue.

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