scholarly journals Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Maya Susanti ◽  
Aidah Juliaty
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Multidisciplinary System ◽  
Infants And Young Children

BackgroundNutrition is essential for humans and if inadequate may lead to undernutrition. Undernourished children are very susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia, one of its complications being pneumatocele, which is a more severe condition. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma and have been found in 2.4 percent of 493 infants and children with pneumonia. However, in staphylococcal pneumonias, the frequency of pneumatocele can reach as high as 85 percent. Infants and young children are more likely to have pneumatoceles. It is critical to distinguish marasmus with pneumatocele from many other similar diagnoses. Failure to recognize can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, causing more harm than good to patient care. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of pneumonia in neonates even with normal radiological findings and of searching for pneumatoceles. Case DescriptionWe report a case of marasmus and stunting accompanied by pneumatocele in a 2-month-old boy. The diagnosis was made based on history, physical examination, anthropometric examination using the WHO child growth standards, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging. Management of the patient was according to a multidisciplinary system including antibiotics administration and wasting management. ConclusionPneumatoceles are serious complications after pneumonia. Pneumonia is common in children with marasmus. Children with marasmus are caused by various underlying factors. The progression begins in the womb and continues through the first 1000 days of life.

scholarly journals Maternal Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Relation to Child Malnutrition in Gauteng, South Africa: A Retrospective Analysis

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Perpetua Modjadji ◽  
Mpinane Pitso
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Current Tobacco

Tobacco and alcohol use among mothers is associated with numerous adverse consequences for affected offspring, including poor growth and development. This study determined the association between maternal tobacco and alcohol use, and malnutrition, among infants aged ≤ 12 months (n = 300), in selected health facilities situated in Gauteng, South Africa. Data on alcohol and tobacco use were collected using a validated questionnaire, in addition to mothers’ socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric history. Stunting (low height/length-for-age), underweight (low weight-for-age) and thinness (low body mass index-for-age) were calculated using z-scores based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. The association of tobacco and alcohol use with stunting, underweight and thinness was analysed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a mean age of 29 years (24.0; 35.0) for mothers and 7.6 ± 3 months for infants, and over half of the mothers were unemployed (63%). Approximately 18.7% of mothers had used tobacco and 3% had used alcohol during pregnancy. The prevalence of current tobacco and alcohol use among mothers were estimated at 14.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and almost three-quarters (67.3%) of them were still breastfeeding during the study period. Stunting (55%) was the most prevalent malnutrition indicator among infants, while underweight was 41.7%, and thinness was 22%. Current tobacco use was associated with increased odds of being thin [OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.09–5.45), and after adjusting for confounders, current alcohol use was associated with the likelihood of being underweight [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.06–3.63] among infants. Future prospective cohort studies that examine growth patterns among infants who are exposed to maternal tobacco and alcohol use from the intrauterine life to infancy are necessary to inform, partly, the public health programmes, to reduce malnutrition among children.

Renal lobar dysmorphism: a potential mimic of renal malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e237096
Author(s):  
Derek Barry Hennessey ◽  
Adrian B Brady ◽  
Rhona Dempsey ◽  
Kenneth Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Renal Mass ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Apparent Mass ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

A renal pseudotumour is any apparent renal mass that simulates a tumour on radiological imaging but is composed of normal tissue. Renal pseudotumours may be inflammatory, vascular, postsurgical or congenital. We report a case of renal lobar dysmorphism (RLD) of the kidney, a congenital renal pseudotumour. A 45-year-old man presented with scrotal swelling. Testicular ultrasound showed an epididymal cyst. Renal ultrasound showed a right solid renal apparent mass of 2.4 cm in diameter. Triphasic renal CT showed this was consistent with RLD. Intravenous urography confirmed a central calyx within the dysmorphic lobe. RLD is a rare congenital normal anatomical variant, which can appear as a renal pseudotumour. No further investigation or intervention is necessary. We present the radiological findings of RLD and review the literature.

Construction of the World Health Organization child growth standards: selection of methods for attained growth curves

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Borghi ◽  
M. de Onis ◽  
C. Garza ◽  
J. Van den Broeck ◽  
E. A. Frongillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

Role of diagnostic imaging in diagnosis by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coda Marco ◽  
Sica Federica ◽  
Finelli Mirko ◽  
Ungaro Gaetano ◽  
Sica Alfonso Marco
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The diagnosis from Covid-19 provides the set of several examinations such as: clinical examinations, laboratory examinations, radiographic examinations. Using radiological imaging, RX and chest CT, it is possible to evaluate the impairment of lung function and thanks to this aspect it is possible to define the severity and clinical conditions of the patient. In this way, it allows timely therapeutic intervention especially if the patient shows a mild condition in such a way as to avoid the onset of further complications. Chest X-rays allow both an initial assessment of patients and the possibility to perform a differential diagnosis towards other possible causes of lung parenchyma involvement. The CT scan, which highlights the peculiar characteristics of COVID pneumonia, is performed both as diagnostic confirmation and in the patient’s follow-up.

scholarly journals Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6–30 Months Old Indian Children

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3146
Author(s):  
Catherine Schwinger ◽  
Ranadip Chowdhury ◽  
Shakun Sharma ◽  
Nita Bhandari ◽  
Sunita Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Anthropometric Status ◽  
Height For Age

High-quality protein has been associated with child growth; however, the role of the amino acid cysteine remains unclear. The aim was to measure the extent to which plasma total cysteine (tCys) concentration is associated with anthropometric status in children aged 6–30 months living in New Delhi, India. The study was a prospective cohort study including 2102 children. We calculated Z-scores for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), or weight-for-age (WAZ) according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. We used multiple regression models to estimate the association between tCys and the anthropometric indices. A high proportion of the children were categorized as malnourished at enrolment; 41% were stunted (HAZ ≤ −2), 19% were wasted (WHZ ≤ −2) and 42% underweight (WAZ ≤ −2). Plasma total cysteine (tCys) was significantly associated with HAZ, WHZ and WAZ after adjusting for relevant confounders (p < 0.001). Low tCys (≤25th percentile) was associated with a decrease of 0.28 Z-scores for HAZ, 0.10 Z-scores for WHZ, and 0.21 Z-scores for WAZ compared to being >25th percentile. In young Indian children from low-to-middle socioeconomic neighborhoods, a low plasma total cysteine concentration was associated with an increased risk of poor anthropometric status.

scholarly journals Field-Testing the WHO Child Growth Standards in Four Countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelheid W. Onyango ◽  
Mercedes de Onis ◽  
Margherita Caroli ◽  
Uzma Shah ◽  
Yanina Sguassero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Standards

scholarly journals Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Formulae with Reduced Protein Content Support Adequate Infant Growth and Are Well Tolerated: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial in Healthy Term Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1654
Author(s):  
Jacques Rigo ◽  
Stefanie Schoen ◽  
Marc Verghote ◽  
Bart van Overmeire ◽  
Wivinne Marion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Growth Standards ◽  
Content Support

The current study aimed to investigate growth, safety and tolerance of partially hydrolysed infant formulae in healthy full-term infants. Fully formula-fed infants were randomised ≤14 days of age to receive a partially hydrolysed whey formula with 2.27 g protein/100 kcal (pHF2.27) or the same formula with 1.8 g or 2.0 g protein/100 kcal (pHF1.8 and pHF2.0) until 4 months of age. The primary outcome was equivalence in daily weight gain within margins of ± 3 g/day; comparison with WHO Child Growth Standards; gastrointestinal tolerance parameters and number of (serious) adverse events were secondary outcomes. A total of 207 infants were randomised, and 61 (pHF1.8), 46 (pHF2.0) and 48 (pHF2.27) infants completed the study per protocol. Equivalence in daily weight gain was demonstrated for the comparison of pHF1.8 and pHF2.27, i.e., the estimated difference was −1.12 g/day (90% CI: [−2.72; 0.47]) but was inconclusive for the comparisons of pHF2.0 and pHF2.27 with a difference of −2.52 g/day (90% CI: [−4.23; −0.81]). All groups showed adequate infant growth in comparison with the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. To conclude, the evaluated partially hydrolysed formulae varying in protein content support adequate growth and are safe and well tolerated in healthy infants.

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