SYSTEM AND SYNERGETIC METHODOLOGY TO RESEARCH DOCTOR'S PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES IN THE MULTIPROFILE HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS

The national strategy for a new health care system formation in Ukraine requires medical institutions to comply with national and international standards of medical service quality and staff training, based on the concepts of their professional competencies, provided by undergraduate education and postgraduate training of doctors, nurses and managers. The goals of radical reform of this system call for the need of additional studying and updating of methodological approaches to the formation of health care workers' competencies on the basis of modern post-non-classical scientific picture of the world. The aim of the research. To determine the system and synergetic methodology and the program directions for research of professional competencies of the employees in the multiprofile health care institutions in the frame of the modern post-non-classical synergetic discourse. Material and methods. Theoretical research was conducted in the frame of the post-non-classical scientific paradigm with the use of system and synergetic analysis. Program areas of the research were determined on the project-conceptual modelling and forecasting of applied research work within the activities of a multipfofile health care institution. Results. In the determination and implementation of program areas of research of the list of professional competencies specific to a multipfofile health care institutions employees with a purpose of providing integrated medical care, it is expedient to adhere to system and synergetic modelling. It is necessary to identify the main classification features and descriptors of professional competencies of the medical institutions employees, in particular on the basis of ontological approach and method of group expert evaluation, understanding the studied set of professional competencies as a system of interconnected and interdependent competencies which is an open, nonlinear, dissipative and with a certain level of complexity and self-organization system. Conclusions. To scientifically substantiate the multidisciplinary system of formation and development of the professional competencies of the multiprofile medical institution workers, it is necessary to create a reliable model of this system based on modern theoretical and methodological principles in the post-non-classical scientific paradigm, i.e. on system and synergetic approach via use of both general and special methods of cognition.

Marasmus and stunting in 2-month-old boy with pneumatocele

BackgroundNutrition is essential for humans and if inadequate may lead to undernutrition. Undernourished children are very susceptible to infections, such as pneumonia, one of its complications being pneumatocele, which is a more severe condition. Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts that develop within the lung parenchyma and have been found in 2.4 percent of 493 infants and children with pneumonia. However, in staphylococcal pneumonias, the frequency of pneumatocele can reach as high as 85 percent. Infants and young children are more likely to have pneumatoceles. It is critical to distinguish marasmus with pneumatocele from many other similar diagnoses. Failure to recognize can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment, causing more harm than good to patient care. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high suspicion of pneumonia in neonates even with normal radiological findings and of searching for pneumatoceles. Case DescriptionWe report a case of marasmus and stunting accompanied by pneumatocele in a 2-month-old boy. The diagnosis was made based on history, physical examination, anthropometric examination using the WHO child growth standards, laboratory tests, and radiological imaging. Management of the patient was according to a multidisciplinary system including antibiotics administration and wasting management. ConclusionPneumatoceles are serious complications after pneumonia. Pneumonia is common in children with marasmus. Children with marasmus are caused by various underlying factors. The progression begins in the womb and continues through the first 1000 days of life.

A Decoupling Strategy for Reliability Analysis of Multidisciplinary System with Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties

In reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization, both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties may exist in multidisciplinary systems simultaneously. The uncertainty propagation through coupled subsystems makes multidisciplinary reliability analysis computationally expensive. In order to improve the efficiency of multidisciplinary reliability analysis under aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, a comprehensive reliability index that has clear geometric meaning under multisource uncertainties is proposed. Based on the comprehensive reliability index, a sequential multidisciplinary reliability analysis method is presented. The method provides a decoupling strategy based on performance measure approach (PMA), probability theory and convex model. In this strategy, the probabilistic analysis and convex analysis are decoupled from each other and performed sequentially. The probabilistic reliability analysis is implemented sequentially based on the concurrent subspace optimization (CSSO) and PMA, and the non-probabilistic reliability analysis is replaced by convex model extreme value analysis, which improves the efficiency of multidisciplinary reliability analysis with aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. A mathematical example and an engineering application are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

547 QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN PRESCRIBING THICKENERS POST STROKE

Introduction One of the therapies that Speech and Language Therapy SALT) provide is a level to which fluids must be thickened to ensure a safe swallow. The thickening agent should be supplied by the hospital to the patient on discharge. This requires the thickening agent to be added to the electronic discharge letter (EDL) and, ‘To Take Out’ (TTO) medication list by ward doctors. Method samples of 10-20 EDLs, taken from SALT list of stroke patients between interventions. Cycle 1: SALT were initially attempting to contact the physicians responsible for writing the EDL Cycle 2: SALT kept a register of patients that they had seen the recommended thickener prescription. This list was kept in the doctor’s office. This list was mentioned in handover every morning for doctors to update EDL Cycle 3: The aforementioned list was continued, and responsibility for transfer onto EDLs was delegated to the on call Senior House Officer (SHO) Cycle 4: In addition to the above measures, custom made stickers were added to the prescription chart as an indicator to add thickener to the TTO. Results Cycle 1: 20% Prescribed (n = 10) Cycle 2: 78% Prescribed n = 18) Cycle 3: 93% Prescribed (n = 14) Cycle 4: 100% Prescribed (n = 10). Conclusion This project has built up a multidisciplinary system to a multidisciplinary problem. Through repeated cycles and system improvement, we have seen and demonstrated a collaborative effort resulting in consistent and improving results.

Future trends in mechatronics

<p>Presently, the move towards a more complex and multidisciplinary system development is increasingly important in order to understand and strengthen engineering approaches for the systems in the engineering field. This will lead to the effective and successful management of these systems. The scientific developments in computer engineering, simulation and modeling, electromechanical motion tools, power electronics, computers and informatics, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), microprocessors, and distributed system platforms (DSPs) have brought new challenges to industry and academia. Important aspects of designing advanced mechatronic products include modeling, simulation, analysis, virtual prototyping, and visualization. Competition on a global market includes the adaptation of new technology to produce better, cheaper, and smarter, scalable, multifunctional goods. Since the application area for developing such systems is very broad, including, for example, automotive, aeronautics, robotics or consumer products, and much more, there is also the need for flexible and adaptable methods to develop such systems. These dynamic interdisciplinary systems are called mechatronic systems, which refer to a system that possess synergistic integration of Software, electronic, and mechanical systems. To approach the complexity inherent in the aspects of the discipline, different methods and techniques of development and integration are coming from the disciplines involved. This paper will provide a brief review of the history, current developments and the future trends of mechatronics in general view.</p>

Multidisciplinary Research as a Complex System

Collaborative research has become increasingly prominent since the mid-20th century. This article aspires to offer a fundamental ontology of a multidisciplinary research system. As a point of departure, we consider disciplinarity as a restricted language code as noted by Bernstein. The impetus for collaboration is found in a research problem’s transcendence of disciplinary bounds. This article makes several propositions that diverge from the consensus position regarding the formation and dynamics of a multidisciplinary system. Most notably that such a system adheres to the constituent elements of what could be regarded as a complex system, including an ensemble of elements, interactions between these elements, local disorder followed by the emergence of robust order and system memory. We propose that the internal communications and subsequent self-organization of such a system may be conceptualized as orientation signals, or ‘stigmergy’, analogous to those observed in swarms. System robustness, we argue, is a function of the individual researcher’s local autonomy and is, paradoxically, augmented by the weakness of communications across disciplinary bounds, along with the lack of central organization and the emphasis on research novelty. System memory, we argue, manifests itself in the ability of a researcher to change her/his route of inquiry, based on environmental feedback, whereby new information becomes incorporated into the adjusted research methodology. We propose that an emergent intelligence, at the level of the system, expresses itself in the unconcealment of the ‘form’ of the metaproblem. The theoretical model is empirically illustrated using, as an example, the contemporary field of renewable energy research, which is an area primed for collaborative research. It is anticipated that an improved understanding of multidisciplinary research systems provides insights into certain strengths particular to less integrated and self-organized forms of collaborative research along with a framework with which to improve the design and fostering of such systems.

An Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intervention/Treatment for Children: Two Case Studies

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, which has greater implications on vulnerable children than adults and it is therefore crucial to identify signs and symptoms at the earliest opportunity to accommodate for the affected child. Targeted treatment methods, such as social skills training, 1-to-1 tuition, speech therapy and Social Stories and Comic Strip Conversation can then be applied early on, which can then lead to substantial improvements at adulthood. Case studies of two male children, aged 4 and 9 were looked into, to identify their special needs. A potential link between genetic factors and ASD was observed, as the children were related to each other (cousins) and showed similar autistic traits. By applying the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), observing and communicating with the children and family members, there were clear indications for ASD. The importance of a multidisciplinary system has been suggested to support the easier and quicker identification of ASD.

Massimo Quaini, territorialista

The essay illustrates Quaini’s inputs to the construction and the theoretical/operational development of the territorialist school and, later on, of the Territorialist Society, of which he was one of the major founders and guarantors. In his explication of concepts like place, territory, landscape, place awareness, Quaini anticipates the need for a multidisciplinary territorialist lexicon. Taking from Herodote Italia the focus on the fundamental integration of historical and spatial knowledge, he recommends a confluence of geography into the territorialist multidisciplinary system, exemplifying it in relation to topics like territorial museums, local observatories of landscape, statute of places, foundational description, new relationships between city and countryside.

New, regenerative approaches to sustainability : Redefining ecosystem functions, environmental management, and heritage conservation

The international conference “Sustainable Management of Cultural Landscapes in the context of the European Green Deal”, held in Santo Stefano di Camastra (Sicily, Italy) on November 9-14, 2021. aimed to shed light on those environmental, social, economic, and cultural problems of interactions between humankind and its natural environment, which cannot be answered through one single discipline but only by applying a multidisciplinary system approach, built on applied Earth System Science intimately interwoven with social sciences, economics and heritage science. The structure of the Congress mirrored this concept since the overlapping areas of sessions encouraged interdisciplinary thinking and practical approach to the key issues of regional development such as ecosystem protection, green infrastructures, sustainable and multifunctional agriculture, circular economy, renewable energy, regeneration, and conservation of natural environments and conservation of cultural heritage.

GRADIENT-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF SPACECRAFT AND AIRCRAFT THERMAL DESIGN

Steady-case thermal analysis plays an important role in dimensioning thermal control systems for spacecrafts and aircrafts. Usually a trial and error approach is used based on engineering judgement and experience. When thermal models become complex or there are conflicting thermal requirements, however, it becomes harder for an engineer to gain insight as to which design decisions will lead to better results. Numerical optimization, on the other hand, could provide a more robust approach for the thermal design of complex spacecraft or aircraft models. In this paper, we suggest a gradient-based multidisciplinary optimization of thermal models where the coupled derivatives of the multidisciplinary system are obtained with the adjoint method. We show that in the case of steady-state thermal analysis, there is an analytic solution of a partial derivatives of implicit heat-transfer equation that can be used to derive total derivatives of the system. We present a practical application of this method by solving a small interplanetary spacecraft thermal optimization problem consisting of one objective, 15 design variables, and 10 constraints. We found that by using gradient-based optimization with exact derivatives, the best results can be achieved by exploring the design space at multiple initial starting points without major computational overhead.