scholarly journals Optimum Plant Density of Okra and Intercropping Effects on Yields of Egusi Melon-Okra Mixture, at Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
Felix Terna Fanen ◽  
Francis Doo Aindigh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to identify the optimum plant density of okra and intercropping effects on yields of egusi melon-okra mixture and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The intercropping (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the population densities of okra (33,000, 40,000 and 50,000 plants ha-1 equivalent) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to maximize intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, the optimal population density of okra is 33,000 plants ha-1, while that of 40,000 plants ha-1 is optimal to maximize intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.60 and 0.63 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013, were recorded for okra sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. It is most advantageous having both crops in intercrop when okra is sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. This should therefore be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Egusi Melon-Okra Intercrop: Yield Effects as Influenced by the Interaction of Time of Introducing Okra x Cropping Systems at Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
Felix Terna Fanen ◽  
Moses Onyilo Egbe
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Cropping Seasons

A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield effects of egusi melon-okra intercrop as influenced by the interaction of time of introducing okra x cropping systems, and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The cropping systems (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the time of introducing okra (mid August, late August and early September) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to obtain optimal intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, it is appropriate planting okra at the same time with egusi melon in mid August, while introducing okra into egusi melon in late August is appropriate to obtain optimal intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.53 and 0.70 were respectively recorded, in years 2012 and 2013, for okra introduced into egusi melon in early September. These recommendations are appropriate for Makurdi location, Nigeria

scholarly journals Competative Behaviour of Groundnut in Sesame-Groundnut Intercropping System under Varying Poultry Manure Rates and Planting Arrangement

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Haruna I. M. ◽  
Aliyu L. ◽  
Maunde S. M.
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Competitive Ratio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
State University ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Competition Indices

<p>Field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi-Lafia Campus to study the competitive behaviour of groundnut in Sesame-groundnut intercropping system. The experiment consisted of four rates of poultry manure (0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and two planting arrangement (single alternate row and double alternate row planting arrangement). The eight treatment combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results obtained in both the years showed that sesame when grown with groundnut under different rates of poultry manure and planting arrangement appeared to be a dominant crop as indicated by its higher values of Land equivalent ratio, competitive ratio, higher and positive values for aggressivity and area time equivalent ratio. Application of 6 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of poultry manure and double alternate row planting arrangement produced the highest values for all the competition indices measured respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Hill drop sowing of soybean with different number of plants per hole

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmael Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Victor José Agassi ◽  
Alessandro Sartor Chicowski ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

ABSTRACT: In the last few cropping seasons, some soybean producers have tested the application of a hill drop sowing method, usually from three to four seeds every 30 to 40cm. However, there is a lack of information in the literature about the effect of this practice on soybean performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole on soybean performance. The study was conducted in Londrina - PR, Brazil, during the 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications and a 2x5 factorial scheme. The first factor consisted of two soybean cultivars, BRS 359RR and NK 7059RR analyzed in the first two cropping seasons and BRS 359RR and BRS 1010IPRO in the last cropping season. The second factor was constituted by five in-hill hole-spacing treatments (HS) (8, 16, 24, 32 and 40cm), with rows spaced 50cm apart. To maintain the same plant density in all treatments (270,000 plants ha-1), sowing was performed manually, being then thinned out. After thinning, the distribution was one plant per hole at HS8, 2 plants at HS16, 3 plants at HS24, 4 plants at HS32, and 5 plants at HS40. The agronomic performance of soybean in hill drop sowing with different number of plants per hole is similar to that of an equidistant distribution of plants.

scholarly journals Estimation of Heterosis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits in the African Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum) Hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Esther T. Akinyode ◽  
Justina B.O. Porbeni ◽  
David K Ojo ◽  
Olufemi O. O. Pitan ◽  
Adenike O. Olufolaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leafy Vegetable ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Range Test

African eggplant is an important fruit and leafy vegetable in Africa. Heterosis over mid and better parents was estimated in eight crosses of eggplant involving eight pure lines in a field experiment in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Collected data was subjected to analysis of variance and significant differences were further subjected to Duncan Multiple Range Test. The aim of this study was to identify superior hybrids that can be advanced in the eggplant breeding program for improved yield and related traits. Significant variation was observed among all traits measured for the parents and hybrids. The highest fruit number was observed in NHS10-40 and in NHS 10-71 x NHS 10-40 among the parents and hybrids respectively. The highest heterosis was recorded in the cross between NHS10-71 x NHS10-40.

scholarly journals Effects of Intra-Row Spacing of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and Frequency of Weeding on Yields of Maize-Sesame Intercrop in Makurdi, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽  
J.A. Idoko ◽  
T. Iorlamen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted from July to October, during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of intra-row spacing of sesame and frequency of weeding on yields of maize-sesame intercrop. The trial was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Nine of the treatments consisted of intercropped maize with sesame sown at the intra-row spacing of 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm, and at the varied weeding frequencies: maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded once (1x) at 3 weeks after planting (WAP); maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots weeded twice (2x) at 3 and 6 WAP; maize-sesame intercrop sown on plots not weeded (NW). Sole sesame and sole maize respectively sown at their recommended intra-row spacing of 10 cm and 30 cm and at their recommended frequency of weeding (2x at 3 and 6 WAP) constituted the tenth and eleventh treatments, which also served as control plots. The results obtained showed that in a maize-sesame intercrop, increasing intra-row spacing of sesame up to 20 cm, on plots weeded 2x at 3 and 6 WAP, significantly (P≤0.05) produced the highest intercrop yields of maize and sesame. This level of treatment not only recorded the lowest competitive pressure, but gave the highest total intercrop yields, highest land equivalent coefficient values (1.01 and 1.13 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013), indicating the highest yield advantage, and highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 2.11 and 2.25 respectively recorded for years 2012 and 2013. With these LER values, 52.6 % and 55.6 % of land were respectively saved in years 2012 and 2013, which could be used for other agricultural purposes. The implication of study showed that, to maximize intercrop yields of maize and sesame in a maize-sesame intercrop, the appropriate intra-row spacing for sesame is 20 cm, while the optimal frequency of weeding is 2x at 3 and 6 WAP. This should therefore, be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Yield Performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and Maize (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Time of Planting Maize in Makurdi, Nigeria

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Ijoyah ◽  
D. M. Dzer
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field experiments were conducted from June to October during 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield performance of okra-maize mixture as affected by time of planting maize. The experiment consisted of three maize planting dates (maize planted at the same time as okra in mid-June, maize planted 2 and 4 weeks later, respectively, in late June and early July) to okra plots. Monocropped okra and maize constituted the control plots. The five treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that the greatest intercrop yield of okra was obtained when maize was planted 4 weeks later (in early July), while the greatest intercrop yield of maize was produced when planted at the same time as okra in mid-June. Planting okra and maize at the same time in mid-June not only recorded the lowest competitive pressure, but also gave the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values of 1.78 and 1.75, respectively, in years 2010 and 2011, indicating that greater productivity per unit area was achieved by growing the two crops together than by growing them separately. With these LER values, 43.8% and 42.9% of land were saved, respectively, in 2010 and 2011. Both crops were found most suitable in mixture when planting was done at the same time in mid-June. This should be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Corn and Peanut Intercropping on Efficiency of Use the Environmental Resource and Soil Fertility

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Rajaii ◽  
Mehdi DahMardeh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
And Control

Order to study the effect of density, the control weed and various proportion corn (704 Variety) and peanut (Goli Variety) intercropping an experiment was conducted in 2012 in Research station of agriculture, University of Zabol. The experiment design was factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiment factors consisted of planting proportions in 4 levels (sole crop of corn, 50% corn + 50% peanut, 100% corn + 100% peanut and sole crop of peanut), control weed in 3 levels (non-weeding, once-weeding and twice-weeding) and the space between rows in 2 level (40 and 50 cm) has been considered. The evaluated Characteristics in environmental sources are (Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Temperature and soil Moisture), the nutrients of soil include (N, K, Na, Mg, Ca, and C) and to evaluate intercropping of pure was used land equivalent ratio and economical yield. All Characteristics of study were affected by planting system.There was significant interaction between planting system, weeding and density in the absorption of light, temperature and moisture of soil. The results showed that photosynthesis active radiation absorbed by the intercropping was higher than sole crop in both plants. The results showed that changes in soil nutrient capacity of single elements (Na and K) in the treatment of mixed and monoculture peanut was more than monoculture corn and divalent elements (Ca and Mg) in mixed and monoculture corn more than mixed replacement and peanut monoculture. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.048) was accounted additive intercropping. Generally the mixed cultures with increasing density and control weed caused increase soil fertility and amount of soil nutrients after harvest. Treatment 100% Corn +100% peanut was the best treatment because using sources and increasing soil fertility and crop yield in comparison to sole crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Spacing on the Growth and Yield of Rainfed Rice (Oryza Sativa) in the Bimodal Rain Forest Zone of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Melie Feyem Marie-Noel ◽  
Bell Martin Joseph ◽  
Tanzi Liliane ◽  
Foncha Felix ◽  
Malaa Dorothy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A study was carried out on plant density at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Nkolbisson, Yaoundé to determine the appropriate spacing to improve rainfed rice production in the bimodal rainfall forest zone of Cameroon. The experiment was conducted during the main cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018. The planting spacing used were 15cm x 15cm, 20cm x 20cm, 25cm x 25cm and 30cm x 30cm giving the plant populations of 444444, 250000, 160,000 and 111,111 plants / ha respectively using two varieties (Nerica 3 and Nerica 8). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed in the growth and yield across the years. Treatments were highly significant concerning the number of days to the appearance of the first flower, the number of days to 50% flowering, and the number of days to 50 % maturity. Plants were taller with more tillers and gave higher yields in 2017 than those of 2018. The spacing significantly affected the plant height, number of tillers, and panicle length for both varieties. The interaction of spacing and variety was significant for the number of tillers per m2 and the number of seeds per panicle, however, it was not for the weight of 1000 grains and the percentage of full bales. The yield components determining yield increase were the number of panicles / m2 and the number of seeds/panicles. Nerica 3 variety gave higher yields compared to the Nerica 8, the closer the spacing, the higher the yield. There were a strong significance and positive correlation between yield, number of panicles, and the number of grain per panicle. The spacing that gives the highest number of panicle per m2 was 15 cm X 15 cm and this spacing gave good yield in the region where the study was carried out.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélio P Barros Júnior ◽  
Arthur B Cecílio Filho ◽  
Bráulio Luciano A Rezende ◽  
Diego RQ Pôrto ◽  
Renato de M Prado
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
N Rates

The work was carried out at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, from September to December 2006, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, treatments being arranged in a 4 x 4 + 2 factorial design. The treatments were the result of a combination of four N rates for lettuce (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1) and four N rates for rocket (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1), plus two additional treatments, which corresponded to lettuce and rocket under single cropping. Veronica (lettuce) and Folha Larga (rocket) were the cultivars used. An increase in the N rate for both cultures, under intercropping system, caused fresh matter gains and higher yields for lettuce and rocket, maximizing the land equivalent ratio (1.84) at 127 kg ha-1 of N for lettuce and 195 kg ha-1 of N for rocket.

scholarly journals Maize-Soybean Intercropping System: Effects on Striga Control, Grain Yields and Economic Productivity at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Ijoyah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
On Farm

On-Farm trials were conducted from July to November during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons, at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of intercropping maize and soybean on striga control, grain yields and economic productivity. The treatments consisted of sole maize, sole soybean and the intercrop of maize and soybean, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that intercropping maize and soybean significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced striga shoot count by 55.9 % and 56.1 % respectively, in 2009 and 2010 compared to that produced on pure maize plots. Number of affected maize plants, lodging score of maize and infestation rate were lower for intercropping than for sole maize plots. The severity level was also recorded lower for intercropping compared to that recorded for pure maize stands, where severity level is in the range of high to very high. Though, soybean yield was reduced by intercropping, however, soybean and maize intercropping system increased maize grain yield, total intercrop yield, land equivalent coefficient greater than 0.25, land equivalent ratio values greater than one (LER > 1), higher total intercrop values and monetary equivalent ratio greater than 1.00, indicating yield and economic advantages. The implication of study showed that intercropping maize and soybean can be adopted by farmers as an efficient cropping system strategy to reduce striga infestation, increase maize yield and give greater economic productivity.

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