Nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket

The work was carried out at UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, from September to December 2006, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on intercropping of lettuce and rocket. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, treatments being arranged in a 4 x 4 + 2 factorial design. The treatments were the result of a combination of four N rates for lettuce (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1) and four N rates for rocket (0, 65, 130 and 195 kg ha-1), plus two additional treatments, which corresponded to lettuce and rocket under single cropping. Veronica (lettuce) and Folha Larga (rocket) were the cultivars used. An increase in the N rate for both cultures, under intercropping system, caused fresh matter gains and higher yields for lettuce and rocket, maximizing the land equivalent ratio (1.84) at 127 kg ha-1 of N for lettuce and 195 kg ha-1 of N for rocket.

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Competative Behaviour of Groundnut in Sesame-Groundnut Intercropping System under Varying Poultry Manure Rates and Planting Arrangement

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n3p22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Haruna I. M. ◽

Aliyu L. ◽

Maunde S. M.

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Competitive Ratio ◽

Block Design ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

State University ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Competitive Behaviour ◽

Competition Indices

Field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Nasarawa State University, Keffi-Lafia Campus to study the competitive behaviour of groundnut in Sesame-groundnut intercropping system. The experiment consisted of four rates of poultry manure (0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9 t ha-1) and two planting arrangement (single alternate row and double alternate row planting arrangement). The eight treatment combinations were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results obtained in both the years showed that sesame when grown with groundnut under different rates of poultry manure and planting arrangement appeared to be a dominant crop as indicated by its higher values of Land equivalent ratio, competitive ratio, higher and positive values for aggressivity and area time equivalent ratio. Application of 6 t ha-1 of poultry manure and double alternate row planting arrangement produced the highest values for all the competition indices measured respectively.

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The Evaluation of Corn and Peanut Intercropping on Efficiency of Use the Environmental Resource and Soil Fertility

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v6n4p99 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Mahdieh Rajaii ◽

Mehdi DahMardeh

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Research Station ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

And Control

Order to study the effect of density, the control weed and various proportion corn (704 Variety) and peanut (Goli Variety) intercropping an experiment was conducted in 2012 in Research station of agriculture, University of Zabol. The experiment design was factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experiment factors consisted of planting proportions in 4 levels (sole crop of corn, 50% corn + 50% peanut, 100% corn + 100% peanut and sole crop of peanut), control weed in 3 levels (non-weeding, once-weeding and twice-weeding) and the space between rows in 2 level (40 and 50 cm) has been considered. The evaluated Characteristics in environmental sources are (Photosynthetic Active Radiation, Temperature and soil Moisture), the nutrients of soil include (N, K, Na, Mg, Ca, and C) and to evaluate intercropping of pure was used land equivalent ratio and economical yield. All Characteristics of study were affected by planting system.There was significant interaction between planting system, weeding and density in the absorption of light, temperature and moisture of soil. The results showed that photosynthesis active radiation absorbed by the intercropping was higher than sole crop in both plants. The results showed that changes in soil nutrient capacity of single elements (Na and K) in the treatment of mixed and monoculture peanut was more than monoculture corn and divalent elements (Ca and Mg) in mixed and monoculture corn more than mixed replacement and peanut monoculture. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.048) was accounted additive intercropping. Generally the mixed cultures with increasing density and control weed caused increase soil fertility and amount of soil nutrients after harvest. Treatment 100% Corn +100% peanut was the best treatment because using sources and increasing soil fertility and crop yield in comparison to sole crop.

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Stalk yield and technological attributes of planted cane as related to nitrogen fertilization

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162010000500012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 579-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco ◽

Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽

Faroni Carlos Eduardo ◽

André Cesar Vitti ◽

Rafael Otto

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Yield Response ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Stalk Yield ◽

N Rates

A still unclear question related to sugarcane cropping refers to the low response of the planted cane to nitrogen fertilization. Two experiments were carried out in areas under a Typic Hapludox, located in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil, and an Arenic Kandiudult, located in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil, with the objective to evaluate planted cane response to nitrogen fertilization at planting. The experimental design was organized as random blocks and treatments consisted of three N rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 N-urea) and a control without N. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied to the bottom of the planting furrow and then incorporated into the soil. During the maximum growth stage, +1 leaf samples were collected from all experimental plots to evaluate the crop nutritional status. In the Pirassununga experiment, N fertilization at planting increased N, K, Mg, and S contents in the leaves and increased the stalk yield, without effect in the technological attributes. Conversely, no stalk yield response was observed at the Jaboticabal experiment, but N fertilization benefited the stalk technological attributes. The N rates increased the sugar yield per hectare in both experiments. The highest margin of agricultural contribution was obtained at the rate of 40 kg ha-1 N.

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Optimum Plant Density of Okra and Intercropping Effects on Yields of Egusi Melon-Okra Mixture, at Makurdi, Nigeria

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.46 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 46-55

Author(s):

Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽

Felix Terna Fanen ◽

Francis Doo Aindigh

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Population Densities ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Optimal Population ◽

Cropping Seasons

A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to identify the optimum plant density of okra and intercropping effects on yields of egusi melon-okra mixture and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The intercropping (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the population densities of okra (33,000, 40,000 and 50,000 plants ha-1 equivalent) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to maximize intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, the optimal population density of okra is 33,000 plants ha-1, while that of 40,000 plants ha-1 is optimal to maximize intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.60 and 0.63 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013, were recorded for okra sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. It is most advantageous having both crops in intercrop when okra is sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. This should therefore be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

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Dry matter accumulation and mineral nutrition of arracacha in response to nitrogen fertilization

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000800005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 669-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luis Augusto Magolbo ◽

Ezequiel Lopes do Carmo ◽

Emerson Loli Garcia ◽

Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽

Magali Leonel

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Zn Distribution ◽

N Rates

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza), as well as on the plant's nutrient uptake, distribution, and removal. The experiment was carried out in a typical Oxisol, with sandy texture. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of five N rates: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1. The plots were composed of three 8-m-length rows, spaced at 0.60 m between rows and 0.40 m between plants. The plants were harvested after an 8-month cycle. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the proportion of N and S accumulated in stems, and of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn in leaves. N supply increased Zn distribution to stems and leaves, whereas high N rates increased Cu allocation to stems more than to the rootstock. High N rates increase plant dry matter (DM) production and nutrient uptake and removal, but do not result in the greatest yield due to the greater development of leaves and stems, and to the lower allocation of DM in storage roots.

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Egusi Melon-Okra Intercrop: Yield Effects as Influenced by the Interaction of Time of Introducing Okra x Cropping Systems at Makurdi, Nigeria

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.27 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 27-45

Author(s):

Michael Ojore Ijoyah ◽

Felix Terna Fanen ◽

Moses Onyilo Egbe

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Equivalent Ratio ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Split Plot ◽

Cropping Seasons

A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield effects of egusi melon-okra intercrop as influenced by the interaction of time of introducing okra x cropping systems, and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The cropping systems (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the time of introducing okra (mid August, late August and early September) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to obtain optimal intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, it is appropriate planting okra at the same time with egusi melon in mid August, while introducing okra into egusi melon in late August is appropriate to obtain optimal intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.53 and 0.70 were respectively recorded, in years 2012 and 2013, for okra introduced into egusi melon in early September. These recommendations are appropriate for Makurdi location, Nigeria

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Pruning of the main stem of Marigold: effect on capitula yield

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620170318 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 425-427

Author(s):

Jana Koefender ◽

André Schoffel ◽

Diego P Golle ◽

Candida E Manfio ◽

Alice PB Dambróz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Main Stem ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of cutting the apex of the main stem of marigold plants on floral capitula yield. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The following removal stages of the main stem apexes were studied: control (without pruning), up to 10 leaves, up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. Three harvest periods were also evaluated: July, August and September, composing a factorial experiment in a 4x3 arrangement. The diameter, number, fresh matter and the dry capitula were evaluated. The most significant effect of cutting the apex of the main stem on fresh and dry matter of the capitula was obtained when the technique was performed at the time the plants had up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. The harvesting performed in September showed to be the most promising, since it presented the larger diameter, higher number and higher fresh matter and the dry capitula.

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Assessment of Wood Ash Application on Yield Advantage Indices of Maize and Lima Beans in an Intercrop

Journal of Experimental Agriculture International ◽

10.9734/jeai/2019/v34i130163 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. O. Ajala ◽

M. A. Awodun ◽

A. J. Adeyemo ◽

B. F. Dada

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Lima Bean ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Phaseolus Lunatus ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Lima Beans ◽

Competition Indices

Alternate planting combinations of maize (Zea mays L.) with lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) using wood ash as soil amendments were compared with the sole planting of each crop during the late 2014 and early 2015 planting seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The experiment in each season adopted three patterns of intercropping using ash as a soil amendment and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment comprised 10 treatments: Sole planting of maize amended, sole planting of maize unamended, sole planting of lima beans amended and sole planting of lima beans unamended. Others were; 75:25 maize-lima beans amended, 75:25 maize-lima beans unamended, 50:50 maize-lima beans amended, 50:50 maize-lima beans unamended, 25:75 maize-lima beans amended and 25:75 maize-lima beans unamended. Wood ash was applied two weeks after planting at the rate of 2.4 kg (4 tons per hectare) to each plot. The combined yield advantage in terms of land equivalent ratio (LER) indices was greatest (1.95) in the case of 3 rows of maize and 1row of lima beans intercropping arrangements. Competition indices (CR) for all crops in all intercropping arrangements were more than 0.1 indicating that both crops were equally competitive. However, crop aggressivity (A) showed that maize was more dominant than lima beans due to plant population. Costs and returns analysis revealed that maize and lima beans intercropping at all proportions were more profitable than their corresponding monocrops.

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VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF VEGETABLE AMARANTH AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.7.733c ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 733c-733

Author(s):

Wayne F. Whitehead ◽

Bharat P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Amaranthus Tricolor ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Significant Regression ◽

N Rates ◽

Successful Production

Influences of nitrogen (N) rate were evaluated on vegetable amaranth. Amaranthus tricolor, grown at uniform populations over two year. The main objective was to determine an optimum level of N fertilization for successful production in middle Georgia. In 1992 and 1993 accession `RRC 241' was planted in randomized complete block design on June 19 and 23, respectively. Four N rates, equally split were evaluated: 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. First of the applications were 18 and 13 days post planting for 1992 and 1993, and again when plants were 5 weeks old. Plants were harvested 48 days after planting with green yield, leaf fresh weight. and stem fresh weight collected in both years and leaf area for 1993. In years 1992 and 1993 green yields were 5.3 and 6.5, 10.7 and 9.0. 13.2 and 12.1, and 13.5 and 14.0 Mg ha-1. respectively for the 0, 45, 90, and 135 rates. In both years vegetative components showed significant regression for all treatments. Vegetative response (R2) for green yield in 1992 and 1993 was quadratic (85%) and linear (73%), leaf fresh weight in both years was cubic (63% and 48%), while stem fresh weight response was linear (29%) and cubic (72%). During 1993 leaf area was linear (58%). Non-significance predominantly occurred between the two higher rates for each year and when combined. indicating that 90 kg N ha-1 should provide optimal production of amaranth for the middle Georgia region.

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The use of hydrogen cyanamide or nitrogen fertilizer increases vegetative and productive performance of fig cv. Roxo de Valinhos

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.50519 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e50519

Author(s):

Jackson Mirellys Azevedo Souza ◽

Marcelo de Souza Silva ◽

Rafael Augusto Ferraz ◽

Joyce Helena Modesto ◽

Rafael Bibiano Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Block Design ◽

Branch Length ◽

Plant Production ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽

Paulo State ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Chilling Hours ◽

Fruit Mass

Some plants do not demand a lot of chilling hours, but methods to overcome dormancy promote more vigorous and productive plant. This study aimed to assess hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer with different concentration to growth and production in ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree. Two crop cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) was performed in São Manuel city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Phenological and productive data was evaluated in a 2 x 5 factorial (Product x Concentration), organized in randomized complete block design, with three trees by plot. The factor products had as level hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer and the factor concentrations was constituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Furthermore, the following data was evaluated: number of days for budbreak, number of buds per plant, harvest period, branch length and diameter, leaf number, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, production and yield. Results indicated that both products anticipated the sprouting and promoted a higher number of buds overcome the dormancy. Plant production was higher in both cycles when the products were used (2.1 and 2.7, respectively). At last, hydrogen cyanamide showed better outcomes due to the higher number of fruits and production.

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