scholarly journals The Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act and the Exemption for Fantasy Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Holden
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Internet Gambling ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Major League ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports

In 2006, Congress passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act. Contained within the finance and banking statute designed to curb the ability of gambling websites to process payments was an exemption for certain forms of fantasy sports games. The so-called fantasy sports exemption was widely misperceived as a blanket exemption legalizing all compliant fantasy sports games, this proved to be false as various state attorney generals, beginning in 2015, began to examine whether daily fantasy sports games were compliant with state gambling laws. This brought renewed focus to the statute, which was often credited with inspiring the daily fantasy sports boom. This paper examines the origins of the inclusion of the fantasy sports exemption in proposed statutes pre-dating the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act and examines the archival materials associated with Senator Richard Bryan, who introduced the fantasy sports exemption, and proposes that the fantasy sports amendment may have been included to broach First Amendment concerns rather than to appease the interests of the National Football League or Major League Baseball, as has been suggested previously.

scholarly journals Optimising Daily Fantasy Sports Teams with Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Ryan Beal ◽  
Timothy J. Norman ◽  
Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports

AbstractThis paper outlines a novel approach to optimising teams for Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) contests. To this end, we propose a number of new models and algorithms to solve the team formation problems posed by DFS. Specifically, we focus on the National Football League (NFL) and predict the performance of real-world players to form the optimal fantasy team using mixed-integer programming. We test our solutions using real-world data-sets from across four seasons (2014-2017). We highlight the advantage that can be gained from using our machine-based methods and show that our solutions outperform existing benchmarks, turning a profit in up to 81.3% of DFS game-weeks over a season.

scholarly journals Predicting Seasonal Performance in Professional Sport: A 30-Year Analysis of Sports Illustrated Predictions

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Justine Jones ◽  
Kathryn Johnston ◽  
Lou Farah ◽  
Joseph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
World Series ◽  
Major League ◽  
Sports Illustrated ◽  
Future Work

In 2017, Sports Illustrated (SI) made headlines when their remarkable prediction from 2014 that the Houston Astros (a team in one of the lowest Major League Baseball divisional rankings) would win the World Series, came true. The less-publicised story was that in 2017, SI predicted the Los Angeles Dodgers to win the Major League Baseball (MLB) title. Assessing the forecasting accuracy of experts is critical as it explores the difficulty and limitations of forecasts and can help illuminate how predictions may shape sociocultural notions of sport in society. To thoroughly investigate SI’s forecasting record, predictions were collected from the four major North American sporting leagues (the National Football League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and National Hockey League) over the last 30 years (1988–2018). Kruskal–Wallis H Tests and Mann–Whitney U Tests were used to evaluate the absolute and relative accuracy of predictions. Results indicated that SI had the greatest predictive accuracy in the National Basketball Association and was significantly more likely to predict divisional winners compared to conference and league champions. Future work in this area may seek to examine multiple media outlets to gain a more comprehensive perspective on forecasting accuracy in sport.

Professional Playing Experience Does Not Lead to Professional Coaching Success

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Schempp ◽  
Bryan A. McCullick ◽  
Matthew A. Grant ◽  
Cornell Foo ◽  
Kelly Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge ◽  
Winning Percentage ◽  
Professional Coaching ◽  
Major League ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between coaches’ professional playing experience and their professional coaching success. The sample (n = 134) included coaches who had the equivalent of three full seasons of head coaching experience in either Major League Baseball (MLB) (n = 46), the National Basketball Association (NBA) (n = 38) or the National Football League (NFL) (n = 50) as determined by the total number of games coached between the years 1997-2007. ANOVAs revealed no significant differences between coaches with more or less professional playing experience and professional coaching success as determined by professional winning percentage. Further, no significant relationship was found between professional playing experience and professional coaching success in MLB (r = -0.16), NBA (r = -0.05) or NFL (r = 0.00). It was concluded that professional playing experience was not a predictor of professional level coaching success. These findings support the notion that sources of knowledge other than playing experience may be necessary and useful in developing coaching expertise.

scholarly journals Consistency, accuracy, and fairness: a study of discretionary penalties in the NFL

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Snyder ◽  
Michael Lopez
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
College Football ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Major League

AbstractPrior studies of referee behavior focus on identifying a bias in when certain calls are made [Kovash, Kenneth, & Levitt, Steven (2009). “Professionals do not play minimax: evidence from Major League Baseball and the National Football League (No. w15347).” National Bureau of Economic Research; Rosen, Peter A. and Rick L. Wilson. 2007. “An Analysis of the Defense First Strategy in College Football Overtime Games.”

Domestic Violence in Sport: Complexities and Ethical Issues for Psychologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Ryan Sliwak ◽  
Sandra Lee ◽  
Noelany Pelc
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Mandated Treatment ◽  
Major League ◽  
Controversial Topic

The prevalence of domestic violence in the sports community continues to be a controversial topic of discussion. The conversation that surrounds domestic violence and athletes often occurs through a sports-only lens. Policies have been implemented by the various professional leagues, such as the Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), and National Football League (NFL), to combat numerous incidents of domestic violence. Policies vary for each respective league. Discussion of domestic violence in sport has barely scratched the surface of identifying the complexity of the ethical dilemmas that psychologists may encounter. Three of these dilemmas are identified and discussed here: mandated treatment, confidentiality, and informed consent.

Damn Yankees and Relocations 1964 and 1965

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George Surdam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Major League ◽  
Sports Leagues ◽  
Professional Sports Leagues

This chapter examines the issue of franchise relocation. Legislators had two main concerns throughout the series of hearings: to procure teams for their constituents while avoiding losing teams via relocation. The legislators' concerns were imbued with an element of reality, at least. Cities with multiple Major League Baseball (MLB) teams usually had one team that was struggling, and legislators held a different attitude to such teams relocating than they would with regard to later relocations of prosperous teams. This chapter first considers three options for acquiring a big-league team: purchase an existing team, hope for an expansion team in an established league, or enter a team into a new league. It then discusses the economics of franchise relocations, along with the early histories of franchise turnovers in professional sports leagues, including the National Football League (NFL) and its predecessor, the American Professional Football Association. It also looks at Columbia Broadcasting System's (CBS) purchase of the New York Yankees during the 1964 season that sparked fears of an unfair alliance.

C.B.C. Distribution and Marketing, Inc., v. Major League Baseball Advanced Media, L.P., 505 F.3d 818 (8th Cir. 2007)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Kaburakis
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
District Court ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Major League ◽  
Fantasy Baseball ◽  
Summary Judgment ◽  
Internet Company

CBC Distribution and Marketing, Inc. (CBC), operator of CDMsports.com (CDM), offering fantasy-sports products and services, brought this action against Major League Baseball Advanced Media, L.P. (MLBAM), to establish its right to use without license the names and, inherently crucial for fantasy-sports operators, statistical records of Major League Baseball (MLB) players. MLBAM, the interactive media and Internet company of MLB, counterclaimed that CBC’s fantasy-baseball products violated MLB players’ rights of publicity, which were licensed through the MLB Players’ Association (MLBPA) to MLBAM. The MLBPA intervened in the suit, joining in MLBAM’s claims and further asserting a breach-of-contract claim against CBC. The district court granted summary judgment to CBC—see C.B.C. Distribution and Marketing, Inc. v. Major League Baseball Advanced Media, L.P., 443 F. Supp. 2d 1077 (E.D. Mo. 2006)—and MLBAM and the MLBPA appealed.

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