scholarly journals Twenty-Five Years After the ADA: Situating Disability in America’s System of Stratification

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Maroto ◽  
David Pettinicchio
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Employer Attitudes ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Sociological Studies

<p>Americans with disabilities represent a significant proportion of the population. Despite their numbers and the economic hardships they face, disability is often excluded from general sociological studies of stratification and inequality. To address some of these omissions, this paper focuses on employment and earnings inequality by disability status in the United States since the enactment of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a policy that affects many Americans. After using Current Population Survey data from 1988-2014 to describe these continuing disparities, we review research that incorporates multiple theories to explain continuing gaps in employment and earnings by disability status. In addition to theories pointing to the so-called failures of the ADA, explanations also include general criticisms of the capitalist system and economic downturns, dependence on social welfare and disability benefits, the nature of work, and employer attitudes. We conclude with a call for additional research on disability and discrimination that helps to better situate disability within the American stratification system.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Twenty-Five Years After the ADA: Situating Disability in America’s System of Stratification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lee Maroto ◽  
David Pettinicchio
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Employer Attitudes ◽  
System P ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Stratification System ◽  
Sociological Studies

Americans with disabilities represent a significant proportion of the population. Despite their numbers and the economic hardships they face, disability is often excluded from general sociological studies of stratification and inequality. To address some of these omissions, this paper focuses on employment and earnings inequality by disability status in the United States since the enactment of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a policy that affects many Americans. After using Current Population Survey data from 1988-2014 to describe these continuing disparities, we review research that incorporates multiple theories to explain continuing gaps in employment and earnings by disability status. In addition to theories pointing to the so-called failures of the ADA, explanations also include general criticisms of the capitalist system and economic downturns, dependence on social welfare and disability benefits, the nature of work, and employer attitudes. We conclude with a call for additional research on disability and discrimination that helps to better situate disability within the American stratification system.

scholarly journals Medicare Coverage and Reporting: A Comparison of the Current Population Survey and Administrative Records

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Bhaskar ◽  
James Noon ◽  
Brett O'Hara ◽  
Victoria Velkoff
Keyword(s):  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medicare Coverage ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Disability Status

Medicare coverage of the older population in the United States is widely recognized as being nearly universal. Recent statistics from the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) indicate that 93 percent of individuals aged 65 and older were covered by Medicare in 2013. Those without Medicare include those who are not eligible for the public health program, though the CPS ASEC estimate may also be impacted by misreporting. Using linked data from the CPS ASEC and Medicare Enrollment Database (i.e., the Medicare administrative data), we estimate the extent to which individuals misreport their Medicare coverage. We focus on those who report having Medicare but are not enrolled (false positives) and those who do not report having Medicare but are enrolled (false negatives). We use regression analyses to evaluate factors associated with both types of misreporting including socioeconomic, demographic, and household characteristics. We then provide estimates of the implied Medicare-covered, insured, and uninsured older population, taking into account misreporting in the CPS ASEC. We find an undercount in the CPS ASEC estimates of the Medicare covered population of 4.5 percent. This misreporting is not random - characteristics associated with misreporting include citizenship status, year of entry, labor force participation, Medicare coverage of others in the household, disability status, and imputation of Medicare responses. When we adjust the CPS ASEC estimates to account for misreporting, Medicare coverage of the population aged 65 and older increases from 93.4 percent to 95.6 percent while the uninsured rate decreases from 1.4 percent to 1.3 percent.

scholarly journals Men as Dependents? Marriage and Changes in Health Insurance Coverage among Working-age Adults in the United States, 1988 to 2008

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311770984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Percheski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Coverage Rates

Changes in marriage and employment patterns may have affected health insurance coverage rates differently for women and men. The author investigates changes in health insurance coverage between 1988 and 2008, focusing on employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) dependent and employee coverage. Using Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions and Current Population Survey data, the author finds that married men’s coverage as dependents increased from 1988 to 2008, but a smaller share of men were married in 2008. Coupled with declines in ESI employee coverage, changes in marriage increased men’s uninsurance rate. In contrast, marital changes for women were offset by their increased employment and insurance coverage as employees.

Data Processing Improvements for Estimates of Health Insurance Coverage in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110008
Author(s):  
Edward R. Berchick ◽  
Heide Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Current Population

Estimates of health insurance coverage in the United States rely on household-based surveys, and these surveys seek to improve data quality amid a changing health insurance landscape. We examine postcollection processing improvements to health insurance data in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC), one of the leading sources of coverage estimates. The implementation of updated data extraction and imputation procedures in the CPS ASEC marks the second stage of a two-stage improvement and the beginning of a new time series for health insurance estimates. To evaluate these changes, we compared estimates from two files that introduce the updated processing system with two files that use the legacy system. We find that updates resulted in higher rates of health insurance coverage and lower rates of dual coverage, among other differences. These results indicate that the updated data processing improves coverage estimates and addresses previously noted limitations of the CPS ASEC.

Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Viral Concentrations in Participants of a General Population Survey in the United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omana V. Nainan ◽  
Miriam J. Alter ◽  
Deanna Kruszon-Moran ◽  
Feng-Xiang Gao ◽  
Guoliang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Population Survey ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

Weatherwise: Evaluation of a Cue-Based Training Approach for the Recognition of Deteriorating Weather Conditions during Flight

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wiggins ◽  
David O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Computer Based

Inappropriate and ineffective weather-related decision making continues to account for a significant proportion of general aviation fatalities in the United States and elsewhere. This study details the evaluation of a computer-based training system that was developed to provide visual pilots with the skills necessary to recognize and respond to the cues associated with deteriorating weather conditions during flight. A total of 66 pilots were assigned to one of two groups, and the evaluation process was undertaken at both a self-report and performance level. At the self-report level, the results suggested that pilots were more likely to use the cues following exposure to the training program. From a performance perspective, there is evidence to suggest that cue-based training can improve the timeliness of weather-related decision making during visual flight rules flight. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of computer-based training systems for fault diagnosis in complex industrial environments.

The Labor Market Skills of Recent Male Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Survey

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Funkhouser ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Using Data

Using data from special supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), the authors track the education and hourly earnings of recent male immigrants to the United States. In terms of these measures of labor market skills, the CPS data suggest that immigrants who came in the late 1980s were more skilled than those who arrived earlier in the decade. This pattern represents a break from the steady decline in immigrant skill levels observed in 1940–80 Census data. Despite the encouraging trend over the 1980s, however, the average skills of recent immigrants remain low by historical standards.

Asthma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Nsour ◽  
Anne E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids

Asthma is one of the most common diseases in developed nations. A pathognomonic feature of asthma is episodic aggravations of the disease; these exacerbations can be life-threatening and contribute to a significant proportion of the public health burden of asthma. In the emergency department, successful management of asthma exacerbations requires early recognition and intervention before they become severe and potentially fatal. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes for asthma. Figures show the management of asthma exacerbations in the emergency department and hospital, pooled odds ratio comparing inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids with oral corticosteroids alone following emergency department discharge, and an asthma discharge plan at the emergency department. Tables list current asthma prevalence among selected demographic groups in the United States, risk factors for fatal asthma exacerbations, differential diagnosis of asthma exacerbations, and dosages of drugs for asthma exacerbations. This review contains 3 figures, 16 tables, and 88 references. Key Words: Asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sinus disease, breathlessness, shortness of breath  

Investigation and Review of Unexpected Infant and Child Deaths

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-735
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Examiner ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Death Investigation

A significant proportion of infant and child deaths are preventable. Of the 55 861 deaths of children aged 14 and younger in the United States in 1989, more than three fourths occurred in children under the age of 2 years.1 Approximately one third of the latter were unexpected, including those due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or trauma, or deaths that were otherwise unexplained. Child abuse deaths occur in greatest numbers among infants, followed by those in toddlers and preschool children.2 Children younger than 6 years of age are most vulnerable to abuse because of their small size, incomplete verbal skills, and often limited contact with adults other than their primary caretakers.3 With few exceptions, throughout the United States there is no uniform system for the investigation of infant and child deaths. Many jurisdictions lack appropriately trained pathologists, interagency collaboration hat would facilitate sharing of information about the family, and a surveillance system to evaluate data regarding infant deaths. As a result, progress in the understanding of SIDS is inhibited, cases of child abuse and neglect may be missed, familial genetic diseases go undiagnosed, public health threats may be unrecognized, and inadequate medical care may be undetected. Lack of adequate infant and child death investigation is an impediment to preventing illness, injury and death of other children at risk. Adequate death investigation requires the participation of numerous individuals including medical examiner/coroner, public health officials, the patient's physician, the pathologist, and personnel from agencies involved with child welfare and social services and law enforcement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document