scholarly journals A comparison of the growth and dry matter distribution of couch (Elymus repens (L.) Gould) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) at different levels of mineral nutrition

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
J.H. Neiteboom ◽  
W. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Elymus Repens ◽  
Different Levels

Low rates of phosphorus fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season under rain-fed conditions did not affect dry matter production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Burkitt ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
P. J. Smethurst
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Intensively Managed

Pasture is the cheapest source of feed for dairy cows, therefore, dairy pastures in Australia are intensively managed to maximise milk production and profits. Although soil testing commonly suggests that soils used for dairy pasture production have adequate supplies of phosphorus (P), many Australian dairy farmers still apply fertiliser P, often by applying smaller rates more frequently throughout the year. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that more frequent, but lower rates of P fertiliser applied strategically throughout the growing season have no effect on dry matter production and P concentration in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), when soil extractable P concentrations are above the critical value reported in the literature. Three field sites were established on rain-fed dairy pasture soils ranging in P sorption capacity and with adequate soil P concentrations for maximising pasture production. Results showed that applied P fertiliser had no effect on pasture production across the 3 sites (P > 0.05), regardless of rate or the season in which the P was applied, confirming that no P fertiliser is required when soil extractable P concentrations are adequate. This finding challenges the viability of the current industry practice. In addition, applying P fertiliser as a single annual application in summer did not compromise pasture production at any of the 3 sites (P > 0.05), which supports the current environmental recommendations of applying P during drier conditions, when the risk of surface P runoff is generally lower. The current results also demonstrate that the short-term cessation of P fertiliser application may be a viable management option, as a minimal reduction in pasture production was measured over the experimental period.

Genotypic variation in in sacco dry matter degradation kinetics in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Z. Sun ◽  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
J.-H. B. Hatier ◽  
H. S. Easton
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
In Sacco

Fast degrading perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a desirable characteristic to select for because it can result in increased feed intake by grazing ruminants. Sufficient range in genotypic variation of dry matter (DM) degradation kinetics is a prerequisite for selection. To investigate the genotypic variation, 77 perennial ryegrass accessions sourced internationally, grown in autumn in the same conditions and harvested in the vegetative state, were examined using an in sacco technique. From the time course of DM disappearance, soluble fraction ‘A’, potentially degradable fraction ‘B’, indigestible fraction ‘C’ and the degradation rate k of fraction ‘B’ were estimated. The results indicated that a large range in genotypic variation was present in all degradation parameters. Fraction ‘A’ ranged from 0.48 to 0.60, with the highest five accessions being 21% higher than the lowest five. Degradation rate k of fraction ‘B’ ranged from 0.069 to 0.199/h, with the fastest five being 125% higher than the slowest five. There were no strong correlations between degradation parameters and chemical composition. In conclusion, there was considerable genotypic variation in DM degradation kinetics among perennial ryegrass accessions and this presents plant breeders with ample opportunity to select for fast degrading perennial ryegrasses.

Assessment and selection of initial material for breeding perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. M. Do Valle Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Oak Park ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYA breeding programme initiated at Oak Park, Carlow, in September 1965, in which perennial ryegrass plants, instead of being widely spaced as traditionally used in grassbreeding, were planted 9 x 9 in apart, is described. At this density, plants were individually distinguishable throughout three growing seasons yet gave a complete ground cover of herbage on which was imposed two contrasting systems of defoliation. Data on ear emergence, dry-matter yields, persistence and some quality components agreed with data obtained from swards by other workers.

The use of repeated measurements analysis for the evaluation of seasonal variation in the dry matter yield and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Smith ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
R. A. Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Serial Correlations

Summary. Seasonal variation in herbage yield, and in the concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin in the herbage was measured for 5 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars grown in 3 contrasting environments. Two separate trials were sown in one of the environments. The yield and nutritive value data were subjected to antedependence analyses to detect the presence of serial correlations between data from different harvest dates. Significant (P<0.05) antedependence was found in 2, 3, 3 and 6 of the 7 variables in the 4 experiments respectively. It was shown that serial correlations between harvest dates had the potential to cause the overestimation of the significance of cultivar effects in ANOVA of data from individual harvest dates, and in harvest and cultivar × harvest effects in combined ANOVA across all harvest dates unless statistical procedures appropriate for use with repeated measurements data were adopted.

scholarly journals Thermal Time as a Parameter to Determine Optimal Defoliation Frequency of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Pasture Brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Calvache ◽  
Oscar Balocchi ◽  
Máximo Alonso ◽  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Ignacio F. López
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

The herbage mass and nutritional value of harvested forage are fundamental determinants of the production potential of pastoral systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth dynamics and accumulated herbage mass expressed in dry matter (DM) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and pasture brome (Bromus valdivianus Phil.) pastures, using thermal time (TT) as a defoliation criterion. Thirty plots (15 of L. perenne and 15 of B. valdivianus) were distributed in three field blocks and subjected to five defoliation frequencies (DF) determined by TT, expressed as the accumulated growing degree-days (AGDD; DF1 = 90, DF2 = 180, DF3 = 270, DF4 = 360, and DF5 = 450 AGDD) for one year (2016), at the Austral Agricultural Experimental Station of the Universidad Austral de Chile. Every three days, the total leaf length (TLL) was measured, and the leaf elongation rate (LER, cm L−1), leaf growth rate (LGR, cm L−1), leaf appearance rate (LAR, d L−1), phyllochron (AGDD L−1), and accumulated herbage mass per hectare (kg DM ha−1) were calculated. Defoliations were scheduled according to AGDD, and a sample was taken from each cutting to determine (dry matter ‘DM’, crude protein ‘CP’, neutral detergent fiber ‘NDF’, acid detergent fiber ‘ADF’, water-soluble carbohydrates ‘WSC’ and metabolizable energy ‘ME’). The pastures that were allocated to DF5 presented higher DM yields (12,600 kg DM ha−1 year−1), TLL (54.6 cm), and LER (0.63 cm d−1) compared to pastures with high DF (90 and 180 ADGG). B. valdivianus presented a lower phyllochron than L. perenne (74.4 vs 87.9 AGDD L−1, respectively). Concentrations of CP and ME decreased from the shortest DF (90 AGDD) to the largest DF (450 AGDD), dropping from 221 to 138 g kg−1 CP and from 2.6 to 2.4 Mcal kg−1 DM of ME. All variables were affected by the season (Ssn) (p < 0.001). The AGDD can be used as a defoliation criterion and a tool to balance yield with nutritive value according to the farmer’s needs.

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