scholarly journals Comparison between Sino-US Trade War and the Opium War of the Qing Dynasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Haowei Ti ◽  
◽  
Zhiyun Hu ◽  
Gang Bian

The Sino-US trade war has become more and more fierce. From March 2018 to the present, China and the United States have begun to constantly increase tariffs and restrict each other. Negotiations are still going on and it seems that no real progress has been made. Soybean procurement, sanctions against Huawei, chip battles, intellectual property wars, and technology transfer have been escalated, and both sides of the trade have been affected to varying degrees. At the end of 2019, if all the tariffs in the Trump plan were implemented, it meant that almost all goods from China (worth about $550 billion) would be subject to punitive tariffs. First Opium War‘ Britain often called it the first Sino-British war or "commercial war". It was a war of aggression launched by Britain from China from 1840 to 1842, and it was also the beginning of modern Chinese history. In 1840, the British government used Lin Zexu's Humen cigarettes as an excuse to decide to send the expeditionary forces to invade China. In June 1840, the British warships arrived in the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong, blocking the seaport, and the Opium War began. The Chinese and British sides signed the "Nanjing Treaty", the first unequal treaty in Chinese history. China began to rip land, indemnify, and negotiate tariffs to foreign countries. The Nanjing Treaty seriously endangered China's sovereignty. China began to become a semi-colonial, semi-feudal society, losing its independent status and promoting the disintegration of the natural economy.

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Fantang ◽  
Xu Zhencheng ◽  
Chen Xiancheng

A real-time mathematical model for three-dimensional tidal flow and water quality is presented in this paper. A control-volume-based difference method and a “power interpolation distribution” advocated by Patankar (1984) have been employed, and a concept of “separating the top-layer water” has been developed to solve the movable boundary problem. The model is unconditionally stable and convergent. Practical application of the model is illustrated by an example for the Pearl River Estuary.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-875
Author(s):  
Zeyu Zeng ◽  
William W. L. Cheung ◽  
Shiyu Li ◽  
Jiatang Hu ◽  
Ying Wang

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Dongliang Wang ◽  
Lijun Yao ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Pimao Chen

The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is one of the major fishing grounds for the squid Uroteuthis chinensis. Taking that into consideration, this study analyzes the environmental effects on the spatiotemporal variability of U. chinensis in the PRE, on the basis of the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and Clustering Fishing Tactics (CFT), using satellite and in situ observations. Results show that 63.1% of the total variation in U. chinensis Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) in the PRE could be explained by looking into outside factors. The most important one was the interaction of sea surface temperature (SST) and month, with a contribution of 26.7%, followed by the interaction effect of depth and month, fishermen’s fishing tactics, sea surface salinity (SSS), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), and year, with contributions of 12.8%, 8.5%, 7.7%, 4.0%, and 3.1%, respectively. In summary, U. chinensis in the PRE was mainly distributed over areas with an SST of 22–29 °C, SSS of 32.5–34‰, Chl a of 0–0.3 mg × m−3, and water depth of 40–140 m. The distribution of U. chinensis in the PRE was affected by the western Guangdong coastal current, distribution of marine primary productivity, and variation of habitat conditions. Lower stock of U. chinensis in the PRE was connected with La Niña in 2008.


Harmful Algae ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Ping Shen ◽  
Ya-Nan Li ◽  
Yu-Zao Qi ◽  
Lv-Ping Zhang ◽  
Ye-Hui Tan ◽  
...  

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110032
Author(s):  
Pingyuan Li ◽  
Mingkun Li ◽  
Huayang Gan ◽  
Zhen Xia

Typhoon is an important meteorological phenomenon that affects the living and development of human beings on the southern China coast. However, there is still lack of clarity in the paleo-typhoon history and its influence on the evolution of the ancient human settlement environment since the mid-Holocene. Here, we identify six typhoon-like deposits from a core retrieved from the northern South China Sea shelf, close to the Pearl River Estuary, based on accelerated mass spectrometry 14C dating, grain size, and geochemistry. The sand fractions, CaO, Sr, SiO2/TiO2, and SiO2/Al2O3 were used to indicate the typhoon-like deposits. Results show that the ages with high-frequency typhoons are present ~200–300 cal yr BP, ~800–1000 cal yr BP, ~1500–1700 cal yr BP, ~2000–2100 cal yr BP, ~2400–2500 cal yr BP, and ~2700–3000 cal yr BP. Our results are comparable to the records from adjacent regions. Significantly, the vast tides occurred in the duration of ~2700–3000 cal yr BP in southern China, which probably caused the ancestors’ migration to the inland. Further studies are needed to deeply study the paleo-typhoon history in the southern China coast to verify our results.


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