Descriptive analysis of 192 cases of breast cancer occurring before age 40 in Yaounde, Cameroon

Background: Breast cancer is today a global health problem. With 1,671,149 new cases diagnosed in 2012, it is the most common female cancer in the world and accounts for 11.9% of all cancers and it affects more people than prostate cancer. In 2008, The United States statistics showed that, for all cancer that affect women before 40 years, more than 40% of them concerned the breast. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer in women under 40 years of age in Yaoundé.Methods: This was a retrospective study with data collected from 192 medical case files of women treated over a period of 12 years, from January 2004 to December 2015 at the Yaounde General Hospital and the Yaounde Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Microsoft Epi Info version 3.4.5 and SPSS version 20.0 softwares were used for data analysis.Results: From 2004 to 2015, 1489 cases of breast cancer were treated in both hospitals. Of these, 462 women were less than 40 years old, representing a proportion of 31.0%. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.5±5.0 years and 17.7% of women had a family history of breast cancer. The average time before an initial consultation was 6.7±6.6 months. Most cases were classified as T4 (46.1%). The most common histological type was ductal carcinoma (87.4%). Grades SBR II and SBR III were predominant (76.4%). Axillary dissection (64.4%) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (43.9%) were the main therapeutic modalities. The overall survival rate at 5 years was 51.2%. Five-year survival rates with no local recurrence and no metastatic occurrence were 35.8% and 43.2% respectively.Conclusions: Breast cancer largely affects women under the age of 40 and is often discovered late, at an advanced stage. The prognosis appears poor. Only screening could facilitate diagnosis at an early stage of the disease for better outcomes.

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Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Europe and Africa

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2012/915610 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ganiy Opeyemi Abdulrahman ◽

Ganiyu Adebisi Rahman

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Early Stage ◽

Survival Rates ◽

African Women ◽

Black African ◽

The World ◽

European Women

Breast cancer continues to remain the most lethal malignancy in women across the world. This study reviews some of the epidemiological similarities and differences in breast cancer between white European women and black African women with the aim of optimising care for women with breast malignancy across the world. The incidence of breast cancer is lower among African women than their European counterparts. Majority of women in Europe are postmenopausal when they present with breast cancer; however, the peak incidence among African women is in the premenopausal period. Ductal carcinoma is the commonest type of breast cancer among women in Africa and Europe. However, medullary and mucinous carcinomas are more common in Africa than in Europe. While European women usually present at an early stage especially with the advent of screening, African women generally present late for treatment resulting in lower survival rates. There should be more research at the molecular level among African women to identify genetic factors that may contribute to the risk of developing breast cancer. There should also be improvement in the health care system in Africa in order to optimise care for women with breast cancer.

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Reflecting on 20 years of breast cancer modeling in CISNET: Recommendations for future cancer systems modeling efforts

PLoS Computational Biology ◽

10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. e1009020

Author(s):

Amy Trentham-Dietz ◽

Oguzhan Alagoz ◽

Christina Chapman ◽

Xuelin Huang ◽

Jinani Jayasekera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Resource Sharing ◽

Early Stage ◽

Cancer Control ◽

The United States ◽

Systems Modeling ◽

Delivery Of Care ◽

History Of ◽

Structural Inequities ◽

The Impact

Since 2000, the National Cancer Institute’s Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) modeling teams have developed and applied microsimulation and statistical models of breast cancer. Here, we illustrate the use of collaborative breast cancer multilevel systems modeling in CISNET to demonstrate the flexibility of systems modeling to address important clinical and policy-relevant questions. Challenges and opportunities of future systems modeling are also summarized. The 6 CISNET breast cancer models embody the key features of systems modeling by incorporating numerous data sources and reflecting tumor, person, and health system factors that change over time and interact to affect the burden of breast cancer. Multidisciplinary modeling teams have explored alternative representations of breast cancer to reveal insights into breast cancer natural history, including the role of overdiagnosis and race differences in tumor characteristics. The models have been used to compare strategies for improving the balance of benefits and harms of breast cancer screening based on personal risk factors, including age, breast density, polygenic risk, and history of Down syndrome or a history of childhood cancer. The models have also provided evidence to support the delivery of care by simulating outcomes following clinical decisions about breast cancer treatment and estimating the relative impact of screening and treatment on the United States population. The insights provided by the CISNET breast cancer multilevel modeling efforts have informed policy and clinical guidelines. The 20 years of CISNET modeling experience has highlighted opportunities and challenges to expanding the impact of systems modeling. Moving forward, CISNET research will continue to use systems modeling to address cancer control issues, including modeling structural inequities affecting racial disparities in the burden of breast cancer. Future work will also leverage the lessons from team science, expand resource sharing, and foster the careers of early stage modeling scientists to ensure the sustainability of these efforts.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Accuracy and outcomes of screening mammography in women with a personal history of early-stage breast cancer.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.8814959.9348058 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Gretchen Kimmick

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Screening Mammography ◽

Personal History ◽

Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽

History Of

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Age-Related Biology of Early-Stage Operable Breast Cancer and Its Impact on Clinical Outcome

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1417

Author(s):

Binafsha M. Syed ◽

Andrew R. Green ◽

Emad A. Rakha ◽

David A.L. Morgan ◽

Ian O. Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Histological Grade ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Progesterone Receptors ◽

Biological Characteristics ◽

Cancer Specific Survival ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference

As age advances, breast cancer (BC) tends to change its biological characteristics. This study aimed to explore the natural progression of such changes. The study included 2383 women with clinically T0-2N0-1M0 BC, managed by primary surgery and optimal adjuvant therapy in a dedicated BC facility. Tissue micro-arrays were constructed from their surgical specimens and indirect immunohistochemistry was used for analysis of a large panel (n = 16) of relevant biomarkers. There were significant changes in the pattern of expression of biomarkers related to luminal (oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2), E-cadherin, MUC1, bcl2 CK7/8, CK18 and bcl2) and basal (CK5/6, CK14, p53 and Ki67) phenotypes, lymph node stage, histological grade and pathological size when decade-wise comparison was made (p < 0.05). The ages of 40 years and 70 years appeared to be the milestones marking a change of the pattern. There were significantly higher metastasis free and breast cancer specific survival rates among older women with ER positive tumours while there was no significant difference in the ER negative group according to age. Biological characteristics of BC show a pattern of change with advancing age, where 40 years and 70 years appear as important milestones. The pattern suggests <40 years as the phase with aggressive phenotypes, >70 years as the less aggressive phase and 40–70 years being the transitional phase.

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Patterns of Sequelae in Women with a History of Localized Breast Cancer: Results from the French VICAN Survey

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13051161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1161

Author(s):

Lidia Delrieu ◽

Liacine Bouaoun ◽

Douae El Fatouhi ◽

Elise Dumas ◽

Anne-Deborah Bouhnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Latent Class ◽

Early Stage ◽

Current Analysis ◽

Functional Pain ◽

Cognitive Sequelae ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants ◽

Changes Over Time

Breast cancer (BC) remains complex for women both physically and psychologically. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the evolution of the main sequelae and treatment two and five years after diagnosis in women with early-stage breast cancer, (2) explore patterns of sequelae associated with given sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. The current analysis was based on 654 localized BC patients enrolled in the French nationwide longitudinal survey “vie après cancer” VICAN (January–June 2010). Information about study participants was collected at enrollment, two and five years after diagnosis. Changes over time of the main sequelae were analyzed and latent class analysis was performed to identify patterns of sequelae related to BC five years after diagnosis. The mean age (±SD) of study participants at inclusion was 49.7 (±10.5) years old. Six main classes of sequelae were identified two years and five years post-diagnosis (functional, pain, esthetic, fatigue, psychological, and gynecological). A significant decrease was observed for fatigue (p = 0.03) and an increase in cognitive sequelae was reported (p = 0.03). Two latent classes were identified—functional and esthetic patterns. Substantial sequelae remain up to five years after BC diagnosis. Changes in patient care pathways are needed to identify BC patients at a high risk.

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Uncommon Breast Malignancies: Presentation Pattern, Prognostic Issue and Treatment Outcome in an Italian Single Institution Experience

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089161309900107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Claudia Maria Regina Bareggi ◽

Dario Consonni ◽

Barbara Galassi ◽

Donatella Gambini ◽

Elisa Locatelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Treatment Outcome ◽

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Early Stage ◽

Medullary Carcinoma ◽

Mucinous Carcinoma ◽

Lymph Node Involvement ◽

Tubular Carcinoma ◽

Breast Malignancies

Aims and background Often neglected by large clinical trials, patients with uncommon breast malignancies have been rarely analyzed in large series. Patients and methods Of 2,052 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and followed in our Institution from January 1985 to December 2009, we retrospectively collected data on those with uncommon histotypes, with the aim of investigating their presentation characteristics and treatment outcome. Results Rare histotypes were identified in 146 patients (7.1% of our total breast cancer population), being classified as follows: tubular carcinoma in 75 (51.4%), mucinous carcinoma in 36 (24.7%), medullary carcinoma in 25 (17.1%) and papillary carcinoma in 10 patients (6.8%). Whereas age at diagnosis was not significantly different among the diverse diagnostic groups, patients with medullary and papillary subtypes had a higher rate of lymph node involvement, similar to that of invasive ductal carcinoma. Early stage diagnosis was frequent, except for medullary carcinoma. Overall, in comparison with our invasive ductal carcinoma patients, those with rare histotypes showed a significantly lower risk of recurrence, with a hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% CI, 0.12–0.62; P = 0.002). Conclusions According to our analysis, patients with uncommon breast malignancies are often diagnosed at an early stage, resulting in a good prognosis with standard treatment.

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Breast cancer survival rates among Chinese women born in East Asia and the United States

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.06.013 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 634-634

Author(s):

S CHUANG ◽

W CHEN ◽

M HASHIBE ◽

G LI ◽

P GANZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

United States ◽

East Asia ◽

Cancer Survival ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Survival Rates ◽

The United States ◽

Breast Cancer Survival

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER CLASSIFICATION USING DECISION TREE CLASSIFIERS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i2.17383 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Hamsagayathri ◽

P. Sampath

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Ductal Carcinoma ◽

Research Work ◽

The United States ◽

Breast Cancer Dataset ◽

Decision Tree Classifier ◽

Cancer Dataset ◽

Term Survival ◽

Tree Classifier

Breast cancer is one of the dangerous cancers among world’s women above 35 y. The breast is made up of lobules that secrete milk and thin milk ducts to carry milk from lobules to the nipple. Breast cancer mostly occurs either in lobules or in milk ducts. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma where it starts from ducts and spreads across the lobules and surrounding tissues. According to the medical survey, each year there are about 125.0 per 100,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed and 21.5 per 100,000 women due to this disease in the United States. Also, 246,660 new cases of women with cancer are estimated for the year 2016. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor for long-term survival of cancer patients. Classification plays an important role in breast cancer detection and used by researchers to analyse and classify the medical data. In this research work, priority-based decision tree classifier algorithm has been implemented for Wisconsin Breast cancer dataset. This paper analyzes the different decision tree classifier algorithms for Wisconsin original, diagnostic and prognostic dataset using WEKA software. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated against the parameters like accuracy, Kappa statistic, Entropy, RMSE, TP Rate, FP Rate, Precision, Recall, F-Measure, ROC, Specificity, Sensitivity.

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