scholarly journals Factors associated with episiotomy practice in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Ntamulenga Innocent ◽  
Mulongo Mbarambara Philémon ◽  
Imani Prince ◽  
Yatoka Justine ◽  
Mukanire Ntakwinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Foetal Distress ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Control Study

Background: The primary objective of the present study is to determine the episiotomy rate and factors associated with practice of episiotomy at the maternities in Bukavu town, South-Kivu, DRC.Methods: A case-control study was carried out the women who underwent the episiotomy (case) and those which did not undergo episiotomy (control) over one 12 months period between January to December 2015. A total of 1878 women had a vaginal delivery at a rate of one case for one control (939 cases and 939 controls) were included. Their medical files were exploited. The factors associated with episiotomy were performed by logistic regression.Results: The rate of episiotomy was 20.4%. It was found that after the logistic regression, the Primiparity (OR = 4,5;95% CI:2,31-4,49), the existence of a foetal distress (OR = 4,2;IC to 95% CI :2,36-5,29), the antecedent of episiotomy (OR = 3,9;95% CI:2,83-7,07), private character of maternity (OR= 3,3; 95% CI :2,12-6,30) and the fact that the childbirth was directed by a doctor (OR = 2,3; 95% CI :1,85-5,08) were strongly associated with the practice of the episiotomy in our medium of study.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI>2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted.

scholarly journals Metal mining and birth defects: a case-control study in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e158-e167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Van Brusselen ◽  
Tony Kayembe-Kitenge ◽  
Sébastien Mbuyi-Musanzayi ◽  
Toni Lubala Kasole ◽  
Leon Kabamba Ngombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Metal Mining ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Sachet water consumption as a risk factor for cholera in urban settings: Findings from a case control study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo during the 2017–2018 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009477
Author(s):  
Placide Mbala-Kingebeni ◽  
Florian Vogt ◽  
Berthe Miwanda ◽  
Tresor Sundika ◽  
Nancy Mbula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Control Study

Background Behavioural risk factors for cholera are well established in rural and semi-urban contexts, but not in densely populated mega-cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. In November 2017, a cholera epidemic occurred in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where no outbreak had been recorded for nearly a decade. During this outbreak, we investigated context-specific risk factors for cholera in an urban setting among a population that is not frequently exposed to cholera. Methodology/Principal findings We recruited 390 participants from three affected health zones of Kinshasa into a 1:1 matched case control study. Cases were identified from cholera treatment centre admission records, while controls were recruited from the vicinity of the cases’ place of residence. We used standardized case report forms for the collection of socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors. We used augmented backward elimination in a conditional logistic regression model to identify risk factors. The consumption of sachet water was strongly associated with the risk of being a cholera case (p-value 0.019), which increased with increasing frequency of consumption from rarely (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9–5.2) to often (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6–9.9) to very often (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.0–16.7). Overall, more than 80% of all participants reported consumption of this type of drinking water. The risk factors funeral attendance and contact with someone suffering from diarrhoea showed a p-value of 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with the risk of cholera. Conclusions/Significance Drinking water consumption from sachets, which are sold informally on the streets in most Sub-Saharan African cities, are an overlooked route of infection in urban cholera outbreaks. Outbreak response measures need to acknowledge context-specific risk factors to remain a valuable tool in the efforts to achieve national and regional targets to reduce the burden of cholera in Sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Sachet water consumption as a risk factor for cholera in urban settings: findings and implications from a case control study in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo during the 2017-2018 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Placide Mbala-Kingebeni ◽  
Florian Vogt ◽  
Berthe Miwanda ◽  
Tresor Sundika ◽  
Nancy Mbula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Sachet Water

Abstract Background: Cholera is endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Starting in 2016, a cholera epidemic swept through the country and in November 2017 reached the capital of Kinshasa, which had not experienced a cholera outbreak for nearly a decade. Behavioural risk factors for cholera are well established in rural and semi-urban contexts but not in densely populated mega-cities from Sub-Saharan Africa. Such information is crucial to guide context-specific control measures. We seized the outbreak in Kinshasa as an opportunity to investigate context-specific risk factors for cholera in this urban setting among a mobile population that is not frequently exposed to cholera. Methods: We recruited 390 participants into a 1:1 age-matched case control study from three affected health zones of Kinshasa between 1 and 28 February 2018. Cases were identified from cholera treatment centre admission records, while controls were recruited from the neighbourhood of the cases’ place of residence. We collected data on socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors using standardized case report forms. We used augmented backward elimination in a conditional logistic regression model to identify risk factors, using a p-values of 0.05 as cut-off to define statistical significance. Results: The consumption of sachet water was significantly associated with the risk of being a cholera case (p-value 0.019), which increased with increasing frequency of consumption from rarely [OR 2.223, 95% CI 0.944-5.235] to often [OR 4.031, 95% CI 1.642-9.891] to very often [OR 4.144, 95% CI 1.029-16.653]. Overall, more than 80% of all participants reported consumption of this type of drinking water. Funeral attendance and recent contact with someone suffering from diarrhoea were borderline insignificant risk factors (p-value 0.09 and 0.08, respectively). No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with the risk of cholera. Conclusions: Drinking water consumption from sachets, which are sold informally on the streets in most Sub-Saharan African cities, should be considered as a potential route of infection during future cholera outbreaks in similar urban settings. Outbreak investigation and response need to acknowledge context-specific risk factors to remain a valuable tool in the efforts to achieve national and regional targets to reduce the burden of cholera in Africa.

scholarly journals Initiating intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate 24–48 hours after mifepristone administration does not affect success of early medical abortion

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lang ◽  
Zhong Eric Chen ◽  
Anne Johnstone ◽  
Sharon Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine whether intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (IM DMPA) given at the time of misoprostol administration, 24–48 hours after mifepristone, affects the rate of continuing pregnancy. In addition, the study explored factors predictive of continuing pregnancy.DesignCase-control study based on database review of women who underwent early medical abortion (EMA) over a 4-year period.SettingSingle abortion service in Scotland.Participants5122 women who underwent an EMA within the timeframe of this study.Main outcome measuresContinuing pregnancies among women receiving IM DMPA were compared with those choosing other hormonal methods of contraception, non-hormonal contraception or no contraception at the time of misoprostol administration. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of demographic characteristics, gestation at presentation and method of contraception provided, on outcome of pregnancy.ResultsA total of 4838 women with complete data were included, of which there were 20 continuing pregnancies (0.4%); 284 women were excluded due to missing data. There was no increased risk of a continuing pregnancy among women who initiated IM DMPA at the time of misoprostol administration (24–48 hours after mifepristone) compared with women who initiated no hormonal contraception at this time (RR 0.48; 95% CI 0.06 to 3.81). Gestation ≥8 weeks and previous terminations were factors associated with increased likelihood of continuing pregnancy.ConclusionsWomen choosing IM DMPA after EMA can be reassured that IM DMPA can be safely initiated at the time of misoprostol administration 24–48 hours after mifepristone without an increase in the risk of a continuing pregnancy. Both increasing gestation and previous termination were factors associated with an increased likelihood of continuing pregnancy following an EMA.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study of Obstetric Fistula Risk Factors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 740-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mubikayi ◽  
Eric J. Chow ◽  
David O. Matson ◽  
Emmanuel Nzau ◽  
Barthelemy Tandu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk factors for epilepsy in Bas-Uélé Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case–control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Colebunders ◽  
Michel Mandro ◽  
John L. Mokili ◽  
Gisele Mucinya ◽  
Germain Mambandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Fayaz Khan ◽  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Impairment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

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