scholarly journals Aetiological analysis of primary amenorrhea: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Uma Jain ◽  
Preeti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Renal Ultrasound ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Group I ◽  
Müllerian Agenesis

Background: Primary amenorrhea is defined as the failure to reach menarche. Primary amenorrhea is the lack of menses by age 15 with secondary sex characteristics, or at 13 with absence of secondary sex characteristics. Objective was to determine various etiological factors of primary amenorrhea in Gynecological practice.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a Gynae clinic in Shivpuri and a Maternity hospital in Gwalior from January 2015 to December 2019.  Results: A total of 57 of the patients were evaluated in the study period. Most of the patients were unmarried adolescent girls (71.92%). The most common presenting symptom was, not attained menarche (36.84%). Based on the presence or absence of breast and uterus: group, I – breast present and uterus present 13 cases (22.77%), group II - breast present and uterus absent 26 cases (45.61%), group III - breast absent and uterus present 17cases (29.79%), group IV - breast absent and uterus absent 1 case (1.75%) were present. The most common etiological factors were Mullerian Agenesis 22 cases (38.60%) and Gonadal dysgenesis 7 cases (12.28%). (56.14 %) cases were normogonadotropic, followed by (15.78%) cases were of Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, (14.03%) hypogonotropic hypogonadism and (14.03%) were of hyperendrogenism and others causes. In cases of Mullerian abnormalities, in findings of renal ultrasound or IVP (72.72%) cases were normal.Conclusions: The most common etiological factors of primary amenorrhea were Mullerian Agenesis. Amenorrhea is a common problem encountered by the primary care physician. A thorough history and clinical examination are needed for differential diagnosis.

Pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) due to microdeletion in the SRY gene: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gül Yesiltepe Mutlu ◽  
Heves Kırmızıbekmez ◽  
Hatip Aydın ◽  
Handan Çetiner ◽  
Serdar Moralıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadal Dysgenesis ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Disorder Of Sexual Development ◽  
Swyer Syndrome

Abstract46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is a rare cause of disorder of sexual development. This syndrome is caused by a defect in the determination of sex during embryogenesis and is characterised with female external genitalia, normal or rudimentary uterus, and streak gonads, despite the presence of the 46,XY karyotype. Most of the studied cases presented with leak of secondary sex characteristics and primary amenorrhea during adolescence. Laboratory findings reveal hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Herein we present the case of a female with a 46,XY karyotype who was admitted with delayed puberty and detected to have a microdeletion in the

scholarly journals Fibroid arising in a mullerian duct remnant presenting as a pelvic mass-sonographic diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 5159
Author(s):  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Gauravdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Pelvic Masses ◽  
Müllerian Agenesis

Mullerian agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized as aplasia or hypoplasia of uterus in women with normal development of secondary sex characteristics. Presence of leiomyoma in mullerian agenesis is very rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.  Ultrasound and MRI showed a large soft tissue mass in right adnexal region. A provisional diagnosis of mullerian agenesis associated with two pelvic masses was made. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma.

scholarly journals Deletion/inversion in the X-chromosome and increased telomeric associations in a female with primary amenorrhea

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Asha S. Multani ◽  
Vinod C. Shah ◽  
Divya Singh ◽  
Nivedita Chakravarty ◽  
Niloufer J. Chinoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Interstitial Deletion ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Barr Body ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
And Inversion

We describe a new case of a partial interstitial deletion and inversion of the long arm of the X-chromosome associated with a high incidence of telomeric associations in an 18-year old female who showed underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, including small breasts and primary amenorrhea. Her karyotype was considered to be 46,X,del(Xq13 -> q22)inv(X)(q23-q27). The buccal mucosal cells showed absence of a typical Barr body, and the 5’-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation studies revealed that neither the normal X-nor the abnormal X-chromosome was late replicating. The case is being presented for its extreme rarity

Primary Amenorrhea: Analysis of 108 Cases

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
TA Chowdhury ◽  
Nusrat Mahmud ◽  
Habiba Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
Laparoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Transabdominal Sonography ◽  
Secondary Sex Characters ◽  
Work Up

ABSTRACT Primary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menses in females by the age of 14 years in the absence of secondary sex characteristics or the absence of periods by the age of 16 years regardless of appearance of secondary sex characters. A total of 108 cases of primary amenorrhea were referred to gynecological out-patient department of BIRDEM Hospital, Bangladesh between July 1995 to July 2008. These patients were studied with the aim to find out the cause of amenorrhea. After taking the detailed history, physical examinations and necessary investigations, patients were subjected to laparoscopic evaluation. The study highlights the role of transabdominal sonography in the work up of these cases and compare those with laparoscopic findings. About 69.4% of primary amenorrhoea were due to mullerian dysgenesis; 19.4% due to gonadal dysgenesis; 2.7% due to male pseudohermaphroditism with virilization; 2.7% due to genital tuberculosis and only one case was due to testicular feminization syndrome. Sonographic findings differ from laparoscopic findings in many cases. It can be observed that for optimal evaluation of primary amenorrhea, laparoscopy is the key tool for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Peri-Implant Behavior of Tissue Level Dental Implants with a Convergent Neck

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5232
Author(s):  
Rubén Agustín-Panadero ◽  
Irene Bermúdez-Mulet ◽  
Lucía Fernández-Estevan ◽  
María Fernanda Solá-Ruíz ◽  
Rocío Marco-Pitarch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Group I ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Single Crowns ◽  
Functional Loading

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the radiographic peri-implant bone loss of bone level implants and tissue level implants with a convergent neck in screw-retained single crowns and in screw-retained fixed partial prostheses, after two years of functional loading. Materials and methods: The sample was divided into two groups according to their type: Group I: supracrestal implants with convergent transmucosal neck; Group II: crestal implants. In each group we distinguish two subgroups according to the type of prosthetic restoration: single crowns and a three-piece fixed partial prosthesis on two implants. To quantify bone loss, parallelized periapical radiographs were analyzed at the time of implant placement and after two years of functional load. Results: A total of 120 implants were placed in 53 patients. After statistical analysis it was observed that for each type of implant bone loss was 0.97 ± 0.91 mm for bone level and 0.31 ± 0.48 mm for tissue level. No significant differences were found regarding the type of prosthesis and the location (maxilla or mandible) of the implants. Conclusions: Tissue level implants with a convergent transepithelial neck exhibit less peri-implant bone loss than bone level implants regardless of the type of prosthesis.

scholarly journals Women’s Preferences for Strong Men Under Perceived Harsh Versus Safe Ecological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470492110323
Author(s):  
Ray Garza ◽  
Farid Pazhoohi ◽  
Jennifer Byrd-Craven
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
University Women ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
Women’S Preferences ◽  
Physical Features

Ecological conditions provide information about available resources for one’s environment. In humans, this has been shown to influence reproductive behavior, as individuals may engage in trade-offs between partner quality and investment. For instance, many women may trade-off preferences for men with physical features indicative of social dominance and health over physical features indicative of commitment and investment. The current study explored women’s preferences for formidable men under safe vs. harsh ecological conditions. Across three studies, U.S. university women ( N = 1,098) were randomly assigned to a perceived harsh or safe ecological condition. They were asked to rate the attractiveness of men’s body types (i.e., muscular vs. less muscular). Findings revealed that in general, women rated stronger men as more attractive than weaker men irrespective of the ecological condition. Evidence for preference as a function of ecology appeared only when a two-alternative forced-choice task was used (Study 3), but not in rating tasks (Studies 1 and 2). Study 3 showed that women had a relatively stronger preference for stronger men for short-term relationships in a resource scarce ecological condition. This research provides some evidence that perceived ecological conditions can drive women’s preferences for men with enhanced secondary sex characteristics as a function of mating context. These findings are consistent with previous research indicating the importance of physical characteristics in men’s attractiveness, and it adds to the existing literature on ecological factors and mating preferences.

scholarly journals Long term clinical result of implant induced injury on the adjacent tooth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Jin Yi ◽  
In-Woo Park ◽  
Jeong-Kui Ku ◽  
Deuk-Won Jo ◽  
Jung-Suk Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Direct Invasion ◽  
Adjacent Tooth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
Root Group

AbstractThe purpose of the retrospective study was to investigate the long-term result of implant-induced injury on the adjacent tooth. The subjects of this retrospective study were patients who had received implants and had tooth injury; direct invasion of root (group I), root surface contact (group II), or < 1 mm distance of the implant from the root (group III). Clinical and pathological changes were periodically examined using radiographs and intra-oral examinations. Paired t-tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the implant stability quotient (ISQ) of implant and tooth complications, respectively (α = 0.05). A total of 32 implants and teeth in 28 patients were observed for average 122.7 (± 31.7, minimum 86) months. Seven teeth, three of which were subsequently extracted, needed root canal treatment. Finally, 90.6% of the injured teeth remained functional. Complications were significant and varied according to the group, with group I showing higher events than the others. The ISQs increased significantly. One implant in group I resulted in osseointegration failure. The implant survival rate was 96.9%. In conclusion, it was found even when a tooth is injured by an implant, immediate extraction is unnecessary, and the osseointegration of the invading implant is also predictable.

Prevalence of anophthalmia etiological factors in patients treated in a reference center: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Augusto Penitente ◽  
Emily Vivianne Freitas da Silva ◽  
Lorena Louise Pontes Manicoba ◽  
Giovana Dornelas Azevedo Romero ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Etiological Factors
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