scholarly journals An effective medical replacement therapy: ketogenic diet for intractable childhood epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Diet ◽  
Long Chain Triglycerides

Ketogenic diet (KD) a high fat, adequate protein and low carbohydrate restrictive diet has a long history of its use in intractable epilepsy of childhood. The diet produces biochemical changes mimicking that of starvation. The high levels of ketone bodies produced by KD act as a major source of energy for brain replacing the usual glucose.1 Comprising the ratio of 4:1 (fat:carbohydrate and protein) by weight, the diet produces state of ketonemia or ketosis that leads to reduction in frequency of epileptic seizures by is unique mode of action. To increase the palatability medium chain triglycerides (as coconut oil) in ratio of 3:1 is used which is more efficiently absorbed and have lesser gastro intestinal side effects as compared to traditional 4:1 ratio diet with long chain triglycerides like PUFA

scholarly journals The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Antonio Napolitano ◽  
Daniela Longo ◽  
Martina Lucignani ◽  
Luca Pasquini ◽  
Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been utilized as the first line treatment for contrasting intractable epilepsy. It is responsible for the presence of ketone bodies in blood, whose neuroprotective effect has been widely shown in recent years but remains unclear. Since glutathione (GSH) is implicated in oxidation-reduction reactions, our aim was to monitor the effects of KD on GSH brain levels by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS was acquired from 16 KD patients and seven age-matched Healthy Controls (HC). We estimated metabolite concentrations with linear combination model (LCModel), assessing differences between KD and HC with t-test. Pearson was used to investigate GHS correlations with blood serum 3-B-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) concentrations and with number of weekly epileptic seizures. The results have shown higher levels of brain GSH for KD patients (2.5 ± 0.5 mM) compared to HC (2.0 ± 0.5 mM). Both blood serum 3HB and number of seizures did not correlate with GSH concentration. The present study showed a significant increase in GSH in the brain of epileptic children treated with KD, reproducing for the first time in humans what was previously observed in animal studies. Our results may suggest a pivotal role of GSH in the antioxidant neuroprotective effect of KD in the human brain.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Indications of the Ketogenic Diet: A Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Natália Cíntia de Oliveira ◽  
Gleice Kelly de Sousa ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect ◽  
Restrictive Diet ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The ketogenic diet (KD), a restrictive diet, is mainly characterized by high-fat content, low or no carbohydrate content, and low or normal protein content. This review aimed to address the main syndromes or diseases in which the therapeutic use of KD can be beneficial. One of the main clinical indications of KD has been, for some time, in the treatment of epilepsy refractory to the use of medications, with satisfactory results in the control of seizures. Recently, studies have addressed the metabolism of ketone bodies caused by KD, in the adjuvant treatment of tumors and endocrine disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, with promising results. In this work, the therapeutic aspect of KD was analyzed, as an aid in the control of pre-existing diseases, and that being a very restrictive diet with controversial effects, its use may be limited and it is not advisable to maintain it for long periods or without the proper follow-up.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Ketogenic Diet

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Dupuis ◽  
Stéphane Auvin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathies ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) is an established and proven treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Recently, the KD is being explored for some inflammation-induced epileptic encephalopathies. Given the broad neuroprotective properties of the KD in various experimental models of neurological disorders, there are yet additional potential future uses. Consistent with this, there is growing evidence that the KD exerts anti-inflammatory activity. Ketone bodies, caloric restriction, and polyunsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the modulation of inflammation by the KD. This chapter reviews the evidence that, in part through anti-inflammatory effects, the KD holds promise in the treatment of certain epileptic disorders, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals A newer horizon in non-pharmacological management of intractable epilepsy of childhood: the ketogenic diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 958
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
New Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low carbohydrate and adequate protein diet that was formulated in the early 1920s as a treatment of intractable epilepsy, when only bromides and phenobarbitones were available. With the discovery of phenytoin in 1935 and other anticonvulsants in subsequent decades its popularity gradually waned off but recently KD has got a resurgence in the management of intractable epilepsy especially of childhood onset, despite the availability of increasing number of new Antiepileptic drugs and surgical techniques.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet for Treatment 2-Year 9 Month Old Boy With Intractable Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
I Made Ananta Wijaya ◽  
Alifiani Hikmah Putranti ◽  
Maria Mexitalia
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Childhood Epilepsy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Normal Protein Diet

Background:The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and normal-protein diet that has been used for the treatment of medically refractory childhood epilepsy since the 1920s.The KD includes 80% fat, 15% protein, and 5% carbohydrate; the ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein ranges from 2:1 to 4:1.The purpose of the case report was to learn benefits and factors that influence the administration of the ketogenic diet in intractable epilepsy. Case:A 2-years 9 months old boy since 3 month of age the child begins seizure. Five month the child was diagnosed with epilepsy received one type of anti epileptic drug (AED). Seven months of age the child began control in outpatient clinic Neurology Department of Dr. Kariadi Hospital with a diagnosis of general epilepsy, were given 2 type of AEDs. Since10 month of age the child was given 3 type of AEDs. The child still often seizure, at 15 months was diagnosed intractable epilepsyand at 29monthof age, was programed to have long term EEG and KD during hospitalization. Conclusion:The administration of KD in 2-years9 months old boy with intractable epilepsyshowed benefits in reducing the frequency of seizures. Key word : Ketogenic Diet, Intractable Epilepsy, Child

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet-Induced Severe Ketoacidosis in a Lactating Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Benedicta Nneoma Nnodum ◽  
Eziafa Oduah ◽  
David Albert ◽  
Mark Pettus
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to nutritional ketosis and weight loss. It is known to induce ketosis but is not an established cause of clinically significant ketoacidosis. Lactation ketoacidosis is well established in bovine literature but remains a rare phenomenon in humans. Here we present a life-threatening case of severe ketoacidosis in a nondiabetic lactating mother on a strict ketogenic diet. We review the available case reports of lactation ketoacidosis in humans and the mechanisms thereof. Although ketogenic diet has been shown to be safe in nonpregnant individuals, the safety of this diet in lactating mothers is not known. Health professionals and mothers should be made aware of the potential risk associated with a strict ketogenic diet when combined with lactation. Prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment cannot be overemphasized. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of life-threatening lactation ketoacidosis associated with ketogenic diet while consuming an adequate number of calories per day.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet Therapies for Seizures and Status Epilepticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 719-729
Author(s):  
Tanya J. W. McDonald ◽  
Mackenzie C. Cervenka
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

AbstractKetogenic diet therapies are high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets designed to mimic a fasting state. Although initially developed nearly one century ago for seizure management, most clinical trials for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy in children as well as adults have been conducted over the last 3 decades. Moreover, ketogenic diets offer promising new adjunctive strategies in the critical care setting for the resolution of acute status epilepticus when traditional antiseizure drugs and anesthetic agents fail. Here, we review the history of ketogenic diet development, the clinical evidence supporting its use for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in children and adults, and the early evidence supporting ketogenic diet feasibility, safety, and potential efficacy in the management of status epilepticus.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ketogenic Diet Induces Metabolic Acidosis, Anemia, and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryadi Arsyad ◽  
Irfan Idris ◽  
Andi A. Rasyid ◽  
Rezky A. Usman ◽  
Kiki R. Faradillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Background. Ketogenic diet has been used as supportive therapy in a range of conditions including epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of ketogenic diet on blood gas, hematological profiles, organ functions, and superoxide dismutase level in a rat model. Materials and Methods. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and ketogenic (n = 7) groups. Controls received standard diet contained 52.20% of carbohydrates, 7.00% fat, and 15.25% protein; meanwhile, the ketogenic group received a high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet which contained 5.66% of carbohydrate, 86.19% fat, and 8.15% protein. All rats were caged individually and received 30g of either standard or high-fat-low-carbohydrate pellets. The experiment was carried out for 60 days before the blood samples were taken and analyzed to obtain blood gas, cell counts, organ biomarkers, and plasma antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Results. The rats subjected to ketogenic diet experienced a marked decrease in body weight, blood sugar, and increased blood ketones (p<0.05). The average blood pH was 7.36 ± 0.02 and base excess was −5.57 ± 2.39 mOsm/L, which were significantly lower than controls (p<0.05). Hematological analysis showed significantly lower erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels. No significant changes were found in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating normal liver and kidney functions. Nevertheless, plasma SOD level significantly reduced with ketogenic diet. Conclusion. Long-term ketogenic diet induces metabolic acidosis, anemia, and reduced antioxidant enzyme level in rats following 60 days of consuming high-fat-low-carbohydrate diet.

scholarly journals Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and ER stress in mice maintained long term on a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. G956-G967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Garbow ◽  
Jason M. Doherty ◽  
Rebecca C. Schugar ◽  
Sarah Travers ◽  
Mary L. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Term Administration

Low-carbohydrate diets are used to manage obesity, seizure disorders, and malignancies of the central nervous system. These diets create a distinctive, but incompletely defined, cellular, molecular, and integrated metabolic state. Here, we determine the systemic and hepatic effects of long-term administration of a very low-carbohydrate, low-protein, and high-fat ketogenic diet, serially comparing these effects to a high-simple-carbohydrate, high-fat Western diet and a low-fat, polysaccharide-rich control chow diet in C57BL/6J mice. Longitudinal measurement of body composition, serum metabolites, and intrahepatic fat content, using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, reveals that mice fed the ketogenic diet over 12 wk remain lean, euglycemic, and hypoinsulinemic but accumulate hepatic lipid in a temporal pattern very distinct from animals fed the Western diet. Ketogenic diet-fed mice ultimately develop systemic glucose intolerance, hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress, steatosis, cellular injury, and macrophage accumulation, but surprisingly insulin-induced hepatic Akt phosphorylation and whole-body insulin responsiveness are not impaired. Moreover, whereas hepatic Pparg mRNA abundance is augmented by both high-fat diets, each diet confers splice variant specificity. The distinctive nutrient milieu created by long-term administration of this low-carbohydrate, low-protein ketogenic diet in mice evokes unique signatures of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and whole-body glucose homeostasis.

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