scholarly journals Serum sodium as a prognostic marker in dengue fever cases admitted to PICU in Navodaya hospital, Raichur, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
A. Akshay Reddy ◽  
T. Prashanth Reddy ◽  
Pranam G. M. ◽  
Usha Pranam ◽  
G. A. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Severe Hyponatremia ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance ◽  
Medical College ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Hepatobiliary Complications ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Background: Dengue fever is an arboviral infection which is mosquito transmitted, most common in tropical and subtropical countries. Worldwide around 2.5 billion population are at the risk of developing dengue infection.Methods: The study was carried out in a 5 bedded (high dependency unit) PICU of Navodaya Medical College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India. The study was approved by the ethical committee of the hospital. The study was performed over a period of 12 months from August 2015 - August 2016. The study group included individuals from the age group of 1 month to 18 years, who were diagnosed with dengue fever. Results: Out of the total 99 cases, 36 cases had no variation in serum sodium levels, 33 cases were mild hyponatremic, 12 cases were moderate hyponatremic and 18 cases were severely hyponatremic. Out of the 36 cases with normal serum sodium levels, only 1 case progressed to bleeding complications. Out of the 33 cases with mild serum sodium levels, 2 cases progressed to complications out of which 1 case having bleeding manifestations and 1 case having both bleeding and central nervous system (CNS) complications.Conclusions: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in dengue fever as well as dengue associated complications. The lower the serum sodium levels the higher is the incidence of complications associated with dengue fever. The incidence of CNS and bleeding complications is more as compared to the RS and hepatobiliary complications. The incidence of RS and hepatobiliary complications is high with moderate and severe hyponatremia. Thus serum sodium plays a most important role in the prognosis of dengue fever and associated complications.

scholarly journals Gambaran elektrolit serum pada anak dengan diare akut

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin V. Wololi ◽  
Jeanette I.Ch. Manoppo
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbance ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Abstract: Acute diarrhea is defined as the sudden onset of 3 or more loose stools per day and lasts no longer than 14 days; chronic or persistent diarrhea lasts more than 14 days. Loss of fluid in large quantitiy such as diarrhea results in imbalance of fluid and electrolyte. The first influenced electrolytes are sodium and chloride since both are extracellular electrolytes. This study aimed to obtain the profile of serum electrolytes in children with acute diarrhea. Thus was a descriptive retrospective study using medical record data of patients hospitalized in the Paediatrics Department of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital in the period of January 2015 - December 2015. The results showed that the highest incidence was among males (30 cases; 65.21%). Most cases were aged 1 - < 5 years (23 cases; 50%). Most serum sodium values were in the normal range (36 cases; 78.26%). Most cases had diarrhea without dehydration and had normal serum sodium (20 cases; 43.47%). Most cases had normal serum potassium levels (33 cases; 71.73%). Most inpatients were without dehydration (17 cases; 36.95%). Most cases had normal serum electrolyte levels (39 cases; 84.78%). Most of the diarrhea without dehydration ( 21 cases; 45.65%). Diarrhea was most often in those who were formula-fed (29 cases; 63.04%). Keywords: acute diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disturbance Abstrak: Diare akut didefinisikan sebagai onset mendadak 3 atau lebih mencret per hari dan berlangsung tidak lebih dari 14 hari sedangkan diare kronis atau persisten berlangsung lebih dari 14 hari. Bila terjadi kehilangan cairan dalam jumlah banyak secara terus menerus seperti pada diare maka keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit dalam tubuh tidak dapat dipertahankan. Elektrolit yang pertama terpengaruh ialah natrium dan klorida karena keduanya merupakan elektrolit ekstrasel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran elektrolit serum pada anak dengan diare akut. Jenis penelitian retrospektif deskriptif menggunakan data rekam medik pasien rawat inap di Bagian Pediatri RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2015 - Desember 2015. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa insiden tertinggi pada laki-laki sebanyak 30 kasus (65,21%). Usia terbanyak antara 1 tahun - < 5 tahun yaitu 23 kasus (50%). Nilai natrium serum paling banyak pada kisaran normal yaitu 36 kasus (78,26%), paling banyak didapatkan pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi dengan natrium serum normal 20 kasus (43,47%). Kadar kalium serum normal secara keseluruhan berjumlah 33 kasus (71,73%), paling banyak pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi yaitu 17 kasus (36,95%). Kadar serum paling banyak pada kisaran normal yaitu 39 kasus (84,78%), dan paling banyak pada penderita tanpa dehidrasi yaitu 21 kasus (45,65%). Diare paling banyak pada yang diberi susu formula sebanyak 29 kasus (63,04 %).Kata kunci: diare akut, dehidrasi, gangguan elektrolit

scholarly journals Changes in copeptin levels before and 3 months after transsphenoidal surgery according to the presence of postoperative central diabetes insipidus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Hyung Kim ◽  
Yong Hwy Kim ◽  
Young Soo Je ◽  
Kyoung Ryul Lee ◽  
Hwan Sub Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Central Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Copeptin Level ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

AbstractCopeptin levels reflect arginine vasopressin (AVP) release from the hypothalamus. Pituitary surgery often impairs AVP release and results in central diabetes insipidus (CDI). Here, we aimed to investigate how serum copeptin level changes 3 months after pituitary surgery and whether it has a diagnostic value for postoperative permanent CDI. Consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery at a single tertiary hospital were recruited. Serum copeptin levels were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Among 88 patients, transient and permanent CDI occurred in 17 (19.3%) and 23 (26.1%), respectively. Three-month postoperative copeptin levels significantly declined from preoperative levels in permanent CDI group (P < 0.001, percentage difference =  − 42.2%) and also in the transient CDI group (P = 0.002, − 27.2%). Three months postoperative copeptin level < 1.9 pmol/L under normal serum sodium levels was the optimal cutoff value for diagnosing permanent CDI with an accuracy of 81.8%, while 3-month postoperative copeptin level ≥ 3.5 pmol/L excluded the CDI with a negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusively, 3 months postoperative copeptin levels significantly decreased from preoperative levels in the transient CDI group as well as the permanent CDI group. Three-month postoperative copeptin levels ≥ 3.5 pmol/L under normal serum sodium levels may be diagnostic for excluding postoperative CDI.

Effect of Histamine on Electrocardiograms and Serum Electrolytes of Intact, Cortisone-Treated and Adrenalectomized Hamsters

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Sudak ◽  
Leland C. Wyman ◽  
George P. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
S Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Following toxic doses of histamine in golden hamsters there was progressively increasing bradycardia in those which died and a compensatory tachycardia in survivors. The T wave of the EKG increased, especially in those animals which succumbed, and decreased as terminus approached. Except for terminal lowering there were no striking changes in the P wave. Other changes were occasional Q waves, lowered R waves and deeper S waves, and impaired conduction. Pretreatment of intact hamsters with 12 daily doses of cortisone acetate lowered both serum sodium and potassium. Hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia were present terminally in intact hamsters dying from histamine intoxication. Pretreatment with cortisone tended to alleviate these changes but did not entirely prevent the terminal rise in serum potassium. Adrenalectomized hamsters exhibited hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia, both becoming greater as death approached. Maintenance therapy with cortisone did not restore a normal serum sodium but did reduce serum potassium to normal or below. Adrenalectomized hamsters poisoned by small doses of histamine had EKG and serum electrolyte changes similar to those dying from adrenal insufficiency. Replacement therapy prevented these changes.

Clinical Characterization of Gastroenteritis-Related Seizures in Children

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1397-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Zifman ◽  
Füsun Alehan ◽  
Shay Menascu ◽  
Miki Har-Gil ◽  
Peter Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
Seizure Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gastroenteritis Episode ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium ◽  
Benign Course

Gastroenteritis-related seizures have increasingly gained attention in recent years. Most cases follow a brief, benign course with very few episodes of seizure recurrence and without development of epilepsy. Published reports usually do not make a distinction between febrile and afebrile patients, and most authors include only nonfebrile convulsions in their reported series. This study evaluated the impact of fever in children presenting with seizures during a mild gastroenteritis episode and found that the presence or absence of fever did not affect seizure characteristics or duration. However, mild hyponatremia affected some seizure features, particularly seizure duration, as hyponatremic children sustained more prolonged seizures than patients with normal serum sodium levels, irrespective of body temperature.

Abstract 295: Serum Sodium-Potassium ratio as a predictor of long-term Heart Failure morbidity.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimalum R Okafor ◽  
Minaba Wariboko ◽  
Oseni Abdullahi ◽  
Oluwole Olurunkemi ◽  
Douglas Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Background: Electrolyte abnormalities particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia are known to be associated with poorer outcomes in heart failure (HF). Some other studies have also suggested that the Sodium-Potassium ratio (Na/K) could serve as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, most of these studies relate mainly to the intake of the electrolytes as opposed to the serum concentrations, suggesting that decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake could reduce CVD risk. Less is known about the relationship between the serum Na/K ratio and outcomes in HF. Given that serum electrolytes are routinely monitored during HF management in the hospital, we sought to retrospectively examine any prognostic impact of the admission and discharge Sodium-Potassium ratios on outcomes. Methods: Outcomes (HF admissions, Length of stay & cardiac admissions, non-cardiac admissions, and emergency room visits) were assessed for 331 HF patients from the Meharry Heart Failure Registry- a comprehensive retrospective HF database comprised of patient care data from January 2006 to December 2008. The database population consists of 72% African-American (AA), 19% Caucasian, and 9% other. The mean age of the cohort is 61 years (age range of 25-98) 37% of whom are females. Normal serum sodium and potassium levels were defined per the laboratory standards (i.e. normal serum Sodium range of 135mmol/L-145mmol/L and Potassium 3.5mmol/L-4.5mmol/L respectively). The individual admission and discharge serum Sodium-Potassium ratios were calculated and the relationship with heart failure outcomes determined using the Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results: Our study showed no significant correlation between admission and or discharge serum Na/K ratio and HF outcomes (P value 0.339 - 0.987 with admission ratios and 0.101 - 0.699 with discharge ratios). These findings were consistent even in subgroup analysis (gender, Preserved versus reduced EF and Age > versus < 60). Conclusions: Our study suggests that there is no relationship between either the admission and or discharge Sodium-Potassium ratio and heart failure morbidity. These findings may be because most of the subjects had normal serum Sodium and Potassium levels therefore minimizing any differences. There is also the inherent biases associated with retrospective studies making it difficult to control for various contributing factors. A larger prospective study might be helpful in elucidating this further.

scholarly journals MO172HYPONATREMIA IN PATIENTS WITH COVID19

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Villa ◽  
Marta Álvarez Nadal ◽  
Paula Regueiro Toribio ◽  
Milagros Fernandez Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Abstract Background Among laboratory abnormalities described in the context of SARS-COV-2 infection, hyponatremia seem to be the most common. The mechanism of this sodium disbalance is not well known. Aims Characterize the incidence, etiology and prognostic value of sodium disbalance in patients with COVID19. Method Observational pilot study with 37 patients admitted to Hospital Ramon y Cajal in Madrid, Spain, between March and April 2020, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID19. Patients were followed until discharge or death. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at admission and before the clinical outcome. Variables were analyzed comparing hyponatremic vs eunatremic patients. Results Distribution of patients according to their serum sodium was as follows: 16 patients with hyponatremia (44%), 19 with normal serum sodium (51%) and 2 with hypernatremia (5%). The average sodium level in hyponatremic patients was 130 ±3.2 mmol/l, median urine sodium was 36 ±3.2 mmol/l (only 6 urine sample available). Hyponatremia was associated with dyspnea at admission and with higher levels of LDH, neutrophil cells account and C reactive protein. However, no worse prognostic was associated with lower serum sodium. All patients recover sodium levels at discharge treated with salt supplementation and free water intake. Conclusion mild hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder associated with COVID19. Sing as low urine sodium and recover with water and salt ingestion, point toward hydrosaline dehydration instead of SIADH as most common origin of hyponatremia.

Serum electrolyte and hematocrit changes in young rabbits following hemorrhage

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry B. Critz ◽  
Arthur W. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Severe Hemorrhage ◽  
Magnesium Loss ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Normal Serum Sodium

Normal serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and the hematocrit were determined in 1-day-, 5-day- and 2-month-old white New Zealand rabbits. A significant increase in sodium and magnesium was observed in the 2-month-old rabbits; the potassium level was the same in all three groups. The hematocrit in the 1-day-old series was significantly higher than that observed in the older groups. Serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and the hematocrit also were determined in 2-month-old rabbits subjected to a 10, 20 and 30% hemorrhage. Analyses were made 8, 24, 48, 96 hours and 1 and 2 weeks subsequent to hemorrhage. Moderate to severe hemorrhage in these young rabbits produced a decrease in sodium and an increase in potassium which, in adult animals, is reportedly due to hemodilution by intracellular fluid. A 10% blood loss had no effect upon serum magnesium whereas a more severe hemorrhage resulted in a significant magnesium decrease. Several theories are suggested for this magnesium loss, which apparently has not been observed in adult animals. The decrease in hematocrit may be related to the severity of hemorrhage and it is suggested that no red cell reserve exists in young rabbits.

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