scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Farogh Hassan ◽  
Vasanth N. Kumar ◽  
Imran Asghar ◽  
Lata Jha ◽  
Indranil Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The objective of the study was to study the prevalence and various risk factors of dysnatremia in sick newborns admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: Cross sectional study conducted in Paediatric Department of tertiary care hospital from February 2016 to October 2016 which includes 384 neonates admitted to NICU during the study period. After informed consent, detailed history was taken and clinical examination carried out in both cases and controls. Blood investigations were done to diagnose sodium levels in sick neonates. Based on the corrected sodium values, the subjects were classified as having hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 meq/l), hypernatremia (serum sodium >145 meq/l) or normonatremia (serum sodium 135 to 145 meq/l).Results: The mean (SD) (range) serum sodium in sick newborns measured was 136.72 (6.7) (115-165) meq/l at a median (range) age of 56.97 (1-545) hours. Out of 384 sodium values obtained, 285 (74.2%) were sent on ≤3 days, 64 (16.7%) between 4th to the 6th day and 35 (9.1%) were sent on ≥7 days. The overall frequency of dysnatremia in 384 sodium values from 384 patients was 142 (37%). Hyponatremia was observed in 117 (30.5%) and hypernatremia in 25 (6.5%) of sodium values. Hyponatremia observed in term, low birth weight, very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight neonates were 16.4%, 25.2%, 67.2% and 100% respectively whereas hypernatremia were 10.1%, 4.6%, 3.4% and 0% respectively. Various risk factors for hyponatremia namely; prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, renal failure, birth asphyxia, sepsis, meningitis, vomiting/ nasogastric drainage.Conclusions: Hyponatremia are common in sick newborns in NICU.

Nosocomial Sepsis and its Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Yadav ◽  
SP Yadav ◽  
P Kanodia ◽  
N K Bhatta ◽  
R R Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nosocomial Sepsis

Introduction: Nosocomial sepsis is a common and serious infection of neonates who are admitted in intensive care unit. They lead to significant morbidity and mortality in both developed and resource limited countries. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a suitable environment for disseminating the infections and, hence, needs preventive intervention. The study was carried out to determine the risk factors for nosocomial sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a seven bedded teaching and referral hospital NICU. All neonates in NICU who did not have any sign of infection at admission and remained hospitalized for at least 48 hours were observed. Nosocomial sepsis was diagnosed according to the CDC criteria. Risk factors for nosocomial sepsis were analyzed with Chi-square test and Logistic regression model. P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Low birth weight (both preterm and IUGR) and mechanical ventilation were found to be related with nosocomial sepsis. Conclusions: Low birth weight and mechanical ventilation were the most important risk factors fornosocomial sepsis.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk factors of Hypoglycaemia in Neonates at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bereket Yismaw Fantahun ◽  
Ikram Nurussen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Abstract Background Hypoglycaemia is a common metabolic abnormality seen in neonates that can cause preventable death. Its overall incidence has been estimated to be 1 to 5 per 1,000 live births, with higher incidence in at-risk populations. There is limited data regarding its prevalence and risk factors in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycaemia in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methodology A cross sectional study was conducted from June 17 to August 3, 2018 at SPHMMC, NICU. Neonates whose age was less than 48hrs and admitted to NICU were enrolled. Sociodemographic, maternal and neonatal factors were collected using structured questionnaire. Blood glucose was measured using glucometer with a test strip. Random blood glucose level < 47mg/dl was taken as a cut-off point to define hypoglycaemia. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results Neonatal hypoglycaemia was detected in 25% (49/196) of the neonates. Birth weight, duration of labor, maternal age, time of feeding initiation, hypothermia and respiratory distress syndrome were associated with hypoglycaemia. From these factors, maternal age, birth weight and hypothermia were found to be independent predictors of the outcome. Conclusion Hypoglycaemia was prevalent in neonates admitted to the NICU of SPHMMC and was associated with low birth weight and hypothermia. These findings calls for early detection of hypoglycaemia, prevention of hypothermia and early initiation of feeding to prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Role of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) - Should it Be Withdrawn from Market of Bangladesh due to Threat of being Misuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Maksudur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury ◽  
Abu Sayeed Munsi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Protocol

Background: Recently it has been apprehended that sildenafil, a drug which has been successfully using in the treatment of PPHN and erectile dysfunction in adult, is going to be withdrawn from the market of Bangladesh due to threat of its misuses. Objective: The aim of this study was to see the extent of uses of sildenafil in the treatment of PPHN and importance of availability of this drugs in the market inspite of its probable misuses. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), special baby care unit (SCABU) and cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from June, 2017 to May 2018. Neonates with PPHN were enrolled in the study. All cases were treated with oral sildenefil for PPHN along with others management according to hospital protocol. Data along with other parameters were collected and analyzed. Results: Total 320 patients with suspected PPHN were admitted during the study period. Among them 92 (29%) cases had PPHN. Male were 49(53 %) cases and female were 43(47%) cases. Mean age at hospital admission was 29.7±13.4 hours. Based on echocardiography,13(14%) cases had mild, 38 (41%) cases moderate and 41(45%) cases severe PPHN. Mean duration of sildenafil therapy was 11.9±7.1 days. Improved from PPHN were 83 (90%) cases. Mortality was 10% (9). Conclusion: In this study it was found that the incidence of PPHN is 29% among the suspected newborns. Sildenafil is successfull in improving the oxygenation of PPHN and to decrease the mortality of neonates. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 100-104

scholarly journals Invasive candidiasis in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Henrique Yuji Watanabe Silva ◽  
Felipe Teixeira de Mello Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Elbw Neonates

Abstract Objectives: to describe the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: cross-sectional study that included all neonates with invasive candidiasis confirmed by blood culture from April 2015 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were analyzed, comparing neonates with extreme low birth weight (ELBW) with neonates ≥ 1000g birth weight, considering a p <0.05 as statistically significant. Results: there were 38 cases of invasive candidiasis, resulting in an overall incidence of 2.5%. Twelve (32%) were ELBW neonates and 26 (68%) neonates ≥ 1000g birth weight, an incidence of 4.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Abdominal surgery was more frequent among neonates with birth weight ≥ 1000g compared to ELBW neonates (85% vs. 17%; p <0.01), as well as the median in days of antibiotics use (18 vs. 10.5; p = 0.04). The median in days of mechanical ventilation was more frequent among ELBW neonates (10 vs. 5.5; p = 0.04). The majority of Candida species were non-albicans (64%). Fatality rate was 32%. Conclusions: the incidence of invasive candidiasis among neonates with birth weight ≥ 1000g was higher than that found in the literature. This group has a higher proportion of gastrointestinal malformations that require surgery. Thus, fluconazole prophylaxis may be necessary for a broader group of neonates.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Gurunathan Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

scholarly journals Retinopathy of prematurity- clinical profile on incidence, risk factors and outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Purva Shah ◽  
Ketan Gadhvi ◽  
Bharat Muliya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Antenatal Steroids

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the important causes of preventable blindness in the world. Thereby timely screening, diagnosis and hence treatment is of utmost importance.Methods: This study was done in the neonatal intensive care unit of tertiary hospital, Surendranagar. Study design being observational, data collected from clinical examination and records of the preterm babies <34 weeks and low birth weight babies <1.5 kg and further screened them for retinopathy of prematurity. The incidence of ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), risk factors which predispose to ROP (Retinopathy of prematurity) and outcome of these cases were analysed.Results: As per this study, ROP was found to be more common in <30 weeks gestation and<1 kg neonate, and found to be associated with oxygen exposure, blood product use, antenatal steroids and surfactant.Conclusions: The analysis of the incidence and risk factors, will henceforth help in identifying and acting on time, thereby improving overall outcome of the preterm and low birth weight new-borns.

scholarly journals Characterisation of CandidaColonisation in Neonates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Dalal ◽  
GR Jagannatha Babu ◽  
K Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Candida Colonisation

Introduction: The occurrence of invasive fungal infections has increased significantly worldwide, premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) along with other risk factors are at particular risk of these invasive fungal infections which lead to fungal septicaemia in newborns. Candidaemia is the most common form of invasive candidiasis associated with an unacceptably high mortality rates. Candida colonisation in neonates is considered the first step towards developing neonatal sepsis. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Candida colonisation and its characterisation among neonates admitted in NICU. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study with 150 neonates included in the study. Swabs were taken from four different sites of each neonate and inoculated on Chocolate agar and Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and incubated at 37°C for seven days. Candida species isolated were confirmed by gram stain, germ tube test, growth on Chromogenic (CHROM) agar and cornmeal agar. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. Results: A total of 32 (21.3%) neonates had Candida colonisation. Twenty two (68.7%) were low birth weight and 24 (75%) were born premature. Perineum was the most common (56%) site of colonisation. Among Candida isolates, Candida tropicalis(63%) was the commonest followed by Candida parapsilosis(25%) and Candida glabrata and Candida albicans (6%). The risk factors identified were low birth weight, premature birth, use of antibiotics. Conclusion: Colonisation of preterm and low birth weight neonates by Candida species is a major risk factor and needs attention to avoid dissemination and life threatening infection.

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