scholarly journals Insulin resistance and its associated comorbidities in young individuals: a HOMA study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahamed H. B. ◽  
Bilal Bin Abdullah ◽  
Mohammed Ismail ◽  
Syed Aman Jagirdar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Background: The strongest relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors is observed in middle-aged persons rather than in older individuals. Hence it is important to evaluate the young high risk individuals for insulin resistance and to study its significant co-morbidities. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the high risk individuals for insulin resistance and co-morbidities in young individuals.Methods: The body mass index and the waist-hip ratio of all the participants were measured. A 5 ml of fasting venous blood was collected from each patient and was used for the estimation of fasting blood glucose level, lipid profile, fasting insulin level and glycated hemoglobin using commercially available kit according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. Subjects’ full filling inclusion criteria and preliminary tests for insulin resistance are further evaluated with HOMA. The data obtained was represented as Mean±S.D and was analyzed for statistical significance using chi-square test and correlation of HOMA with study variables were performed using Pearson correlation test using SPSS Version 20. P - value less than 0.05 was considered the level of significance.Results: In the present study we found that, non- diabetic group patients are having strong association with hypertension and insulin resistance. When the study variables in the recruited subjects were correlated with HOMA using Pearson correlation, showed a significant correlation with fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin and hypertension in diabetic patients. In non-diabetic subjects fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin was not correlated significantly. But, hypertension showed a significant correlation.Conclusions: Insulin resistance was strongly associated with co-morbidities like hypertension, obesity,   hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia. High incidence and prevalence of insulin resistance was also seen in non-diabetic individuals.

scholarly journals Mitigating effect of metformin on polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in rats, and the mechanisms involved

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1941-1946
Author(s):  
Lanyawen Hu ◽  
Baimiao Wang ◽  
Yingli Tao
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Purpose: To study the effect of metformin on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance (IR) in rats, and the mechanism involved.Methods: Eighty healthy female SD rats, aged 6 weeks, were selected. Three groups of rats were used: model, metformin + PI3K inhibitor, and metformin groups, with 20/group. Testosterone, leutenizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were assayed by enzyme-linkedassay (ELISA), while HOMA-IR was calculated from fasting blood sugar (FBG); the effect of metformin on the IR of PCOS rats was determined. The expressions of PI3K and AKT in ovaries and liver of rats in each group were assayed by Western blotting.Results: Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance index were markedly higher in model than in control rats, and also significantly higher in inhibitor-treated rats than in metformin rats (p < 0.05). Relative to control, FSH level was higher, while levels of LH, LH/FSH ratio and testosterone in the metformin group were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The expression levels of PI3K and AKT in the ovary and liver were reduced in the inhibitor group, relative to the levels in metformin-treated rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Metformin mitigates PCOS-linked ovarian changes and IR in rats via PI3K/AKT route. These findings may be useful in the design of new drugs. Keywords: Metformin, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Leutenizing hormone, Insulin resistance, Fasting blood sugar, Follicle-stimulating hormone

scholarly journals A comparative study of ADA and WHO criteria for screening of gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Jeyamani Baskaran ◽  
Subha Sivagami Sengodan ◽  
Anbarasi Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Who Criteria

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with its onset or first recognition during present pregnancy. Objective of present study was to compare screening accuracy of ADA and WHO criteria for screening of gestational DM.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study using ADA and WHO criteria for the screening of GDM. Our objective was to study the implication of implementing the ADA guidelines and WHO guidelines for screening and diagnosis of GDM in 200 antenatal patients at Government Mohankumaramangalam Medical College, Salem during a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016. All antenatal women attending AN OP between 24-28 weeks of gestation are subjected to fasting blood glucose measurement followed by an oral OGTT using 75 gms of glucose load. Venous blood samples are collected at the end of 1hr and 2hr. The ADA and WHO criteria were applied separately for each subject to diagnose GDMResults: As per ADA criteria presence of any one of either, Fasting blood sugar- 92 mg (5.1 mmol/L),1 hour postprandial-180mg (10.00mmol/L), 2 hour postprandial: 153 mg (8.5 mmol/L) was used for the diagnosis of GDM.As per WHO criteria presence of any one of either, Fasting blood sugar- 126mg/dl (7 mmol/dl) or 2 hour postprandial- 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/dl) for diagnosis of GDM. The 2hr value has the statistical significance in the diagnosis of GDM. The 1hr value done in ADA criteria does not have statistical significance when compared to 2hr value.Conclusions: Universal screening for GDM is necessary to diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Universal screening may not be feasible in resource poor settings, but it definitely improves the pregnancy outcomes considering the high prevalence of gestational diabetes in India.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Candida Species and Colonization in Whole Saliva of Controlled and Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients with Fasting Blood Sugar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Owlia ◽  
Abbas-Ali Jafari ◽  
Saeed Hossein Khalilzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Hajimir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Whole Saliva

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease, which can cause different effects on oral mucosa. Oral candidiasis is one of the most common lesions, particularly in un-controlled diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was evaluation of relationship between Candida colony counts of whole saliva and fasting blood sugar level and determination of candida species in un-controlled and controlled diabetic patients. Methods: This analytical case-control study was conducted on ninety diabetic patients, consisted of 45 patients with uncontrolled diabetes (HBA1C>7) and 45 patients with controlled diabetes (HBA1C<7). Demographic data and history of systemic disease were evaluated. The whole saliva samples were collected by spitting method and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and chromogenic agar for determining oral candida spices and colonization. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 and statistical T-test, chi-square and Pearson correlation tests. Results: Data analysis showed statistically significant higher positive candidal growth in uncontrolled group when compared to controlled group. C. albicans was the most common isolated Candida species in both groups. Significant positive correlation of CFU/ml with fasting blood sugar level in both groups was not seen. Conclusion: In spite of higher rate of candida colonization in uncontrolled diabetic patients, there is no significant relation with fasting blood sugar level.

Evaluation of the alterations in the serum blood sugar level, the activity of AST and ALT enzymes of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Iraqi women patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Hashim Abdul Razzaq Iman ◽  
Hussein Murtadha Jinan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Iraqi Women

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) results from beta cell dysfunction or reduced action of insulin responsive. The objective of this study was to examine the relevance between blood sugar, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in fasting women diabetic patients in different durations. A total of sixty-eight women were divided into three groups: first a healthy group – non-diabetic (twenty-six women), second and third groups (twenty-one) were diabetic patients of age 35 – 50 and 51 – 69 years respectively. Serum fasting blood sugar was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated to 181.60 mg/dl in female patients with 35 – 50 years. The same effect happened in activity of AST to 32.91 u/L in 51 – 69 years and ALT was 28.43 u/L in 35 – 50 years. No significant differences were found between the aged and fasting blood sugar, AST and ALT in diabetic patients. The correlation factor (r) between fasting blood sugar and the activity of ALT was highly significant.

scholarly journals Hubungan kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan obesitas pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner C. Polii ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Aaltje E. Manampiring
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: Obesity has become a serious problem world-wide. Obesity occurs due to the imbalance of intake and output energy. Thus, it is related with the incidence of insulin resistance and the disruption of glucose metabolism. This study was aimed to obtain the correlation between fasting blood sugar level and obesity in adolescents. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The results showed that the major category of subjects was obese I (38.33%). The highest percentage was normal blood sugar which was found in non-obese adolescent (96.8%). The Spearman correlation test showed a sweak correlation between obesity and fasting blood sugar level in adolescent (r=0.386; p=0.004). Conclusion: There was a significant weak correlation between fasting blood sugar level and obesity in adolescents.Keywords: obesity, fasting blood glucose, adolescent. Abstrak: Obesitas menjadi masalah di seluruh dunia baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang, prevalensinya pun meningkat begitu pesat. Obesitas terjadi karena adanya ketidakseimbangan antara energi yang masuk dengan energi yang keluar. Obesitas berkaitan dengan terjadinya resitensi insulin dan gangguan metabolisme glukosa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar glukosa darah puasa dengan obesitas pada remaja di Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek penelitian terbanyak dalam kategori obes I (25,0-29,9 kg/m2) sebesar 38,33%. Kadar gula darah normal pada remaja non-obes dengan persentasi tertinggi (96,8%). Analisis korelasi Spearman pada kedua variabel memperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,368 (p = 0,004). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna yang lemah antara kadar gula darah puasa dan obesitas pada remaja. Kata kunci: obesitas, gula darah puasa, remaja

scholarly journals Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Proteinuria in Diabetic nephropathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (178) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Jha ◽  
BKL Das ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
S Majhi ◽  
L Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin Level

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus characterized by persistent albuminuria, elevated arterial blood pressure, a relentless decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. METHODS: In this study, urinary micro-albumin estimation was done in 177 diabetic patients. This study aims to ascertain association of glycemicstatus, lipid profile and proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with nephropathy. RESULTS: Among 177 patients, 26 had frank proteinuria, 79 had micro-albuminuria and 72 were without proteinuria. Increased frequency ofproteinuria was seen in male than female. Micro-albuminuria and frank proteinuria was seen more in older age group. The multiple comparisons showed the significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose in micro-albuminuria and overt proteinuria patients in comparison to without proteinuria. Glycated hemoglobin level was increased with the increasing age group particularly in overt proteinuric patients. CONCLUSIONS: The glycemic control, monitoring of lipid profile and early urinary protein estimation with better management may delay diabetic nephropathy or its further complications in diabetes mellitus.  KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, frank proteinuria, glycated hemoglobin, micro-albuminuria.

scholarly journals Study the incidence of Candida infection in Diabetic patients submitted to the Balad Town Hospital in Salah –Eldeen, Province

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1415
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Candida Infection ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Town Hospital

This study was done at Al-Balad City Hospital on 60 diabetic patients (25 male and 35 female). The study included Fasting Blood Sugar and fungal diagnosis (systemic and superficial fungus). The results showed that the high concentration of blood sugar belonged to the group > 70 years among the diabetic patients with high significant differences in comparison with other groups P

Control of diabetic patients: Comparison of information obtained from fasting blood sugar level and the glycemic cycle

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Luc Méjean ◽  
Pierre Drouin ◽  
Jean-Marie Martin ◽  
Gerard Debry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetic Patients

ID: 79: INSULIN TREATMENT INCREASES MICROVESICULAR INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME IN DIABETES

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 926.2-927
Author(s):  
MV Purbaugh ◽  
CV Desouza ◽  
R Heineman ◽  
RG Bennett ◽  
FG Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Degrading Enzyme ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Degrading Enzyme

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the blood may play a role in insulin clearance, thus decreased IDE activity could contribute to hyperinsulinemia and possibly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that decreased IDE in plasma may be associated with obesity and/or T2DM. We recruited non-obese (BMI<30, no significant disease), obese (BMI>30) and diabetic (T2DM; ICD-9 code) patients and obtained fasting blood samples. Microvesicular (containing exosomes) and soluble fractions were isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation Insulin degrading activity was assayed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation of 125I-iodoinsulin (TCA assay), while IDE protein was detected by Western blotting. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA with a Bonferroni posttest. There was no IDE present in the soluble fraction as confirmed by both the TCA assay and Western blot. IDE activity was present in the microvesicular fraction, and the Western blot intensity correlated significantly with activity (p=.01). However, there were no significant differences in IDE activity or protein levels among the 3 groups. We then conducted a post hoc analysis byseparating the non-obese and obese patients into two groups: a healthy group (HbA1c<6) and a pre-diabetic group (HbA1c of 6.0–6.4). We also separated the diabetic patients into two groups: a diabetic group and an insulin-treated group. Although there was no statistical difference in IDE activity among the healthy group, pre-diabetic and diabetic groups, the latter two groups showed a trend toward decreased IDE activity. Interestingly, in patients receiving insulin treatment, the effect of diabetes was reversed, with, increased microvesicular degrading activity compared to the pre-diabetic group (p<0.05) and the diabetic group (p<0.05). The increased IDE activity in the insulin-treated diabetics roughly correlated with the patient's insulin dose, but did not reach statistical significance (r2=.38; p=0.14). We saw no statistically significant correlations of degrading activity with a number of clinical parameters including: fasting glucose; triglycerides, LDL, HDL, age, eGFR, and HbA1c by linear regression. This shows that the microvesicular IDE is not affected by glucose or lipid control. We conclude: A) IDE is present in the blood, but does not significantly contribute to insulin clearance because the microvesicular fraction showed no insulin clearance unless they were first frozen and thawed. This freezing and thawing process most likely allowed the microvesicular membranes to rupture releasing the enzyme. B) enzymatically active IDE is associated with a fraction consistent with exosomes and may be decreased in pre-diabetes and diabetes; and C) insulin treatment increases microvesicular IDE. IDE in the exosomes may serve as a marker for the progression of the pre-diabetic and diabetic disease states independent of glucose control. One could speculate that inflammation and/or insulin resistance result in a decrease of vesicular IDE activity and that insulin treatment reverses this through its anti-inflammatory properties, or by overcoming insulin resistance and increasing insulin signaling.

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