scholarly journals Study on management of fungal infections of nose and parnasal sinuses

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Prasad A. Kelkar ◽  
Jyoti V. Hirekerur
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> From last few years, the fungal infection has been increasing due to greatly enhanced international traffic and as opportunistic infections in consequence of use of powerful cytotoxic drugs. The disease invariably occurs in diabetics, usually with ketoacidosis, immune compromised patients. Hence, we planned to undertake the present study to evaluate a standard method of management of fungal infections of nose and paranasal sinuses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A detailed examination of the nose and pranasal sinuses was carried out in the department of ENT. The patients were continuously monitored with pulse oximetry and ECG monitor. In all patients, nasal endoscopy was performed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, fungal infections of the nose and paranasal sinuses were found to be common between 20 and 50 years of age. Aspergillosis was the commonest sinonasal fungal infection followed by allergic fungal sinusitis, rhinosporidiosis and mucormycosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Early detection, proper and adequate dose of antifungal agents, timely surgical intervention in the form of debridement and sphenoethmoidectomy and orbital exenteration improve the survival rate in the disease of sinonasal fungal infections.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Clinical study of fungal sinusitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotika Waghray
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Facial Swelling ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fungal sinusitis is a distinct clinical entity characterized by inflammation of the sinus mucosa caused by fungal infection like aspergillus (fumigatus, niger, flavus), mucormycosis, candida (albicans), scedosporium, pencillium. Mostly immunocompromised patients, farmers, garbage cleaners, and patients on prolonged nasal sprays are affected. There are different types of fungal sinusitis: fungal mycetoma, allergic fungal, chronic indolent and fulminant sinusitis having symptoms like chronic headache and facial swelling with visual impairment. Patients have thick purulent nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, cheek swelling and may be polyposis. Resident bacterial flora probably inhibits colonization by fungi through a number of mechanisms. Thus antimicrobial therapy predisposes to both the overgrowth of normal fungal flora, e.g., Candida species, and growth of opportunists like Aspergillus<sup>1</sup>. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is the most common entity. Aspergillosis is the most common fungal infection. Of these aspergillus fumigatus is the most common fungal pathogen. Maxillary sinuses are commonly involved.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study carried out at department of otorhinolaryngology at Kunal Institute of Medical Specialities Pvt Ltd. Evaluation by proper history taking and clinical examination after which the patient is selected for nasal swab, culture and sensitivity. Plain x-ray nose and paranasal sinuses. CT scans nose and paranasal sinuses. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Allergic fungal sinusitis was the most common entity found with aspergillosis being the most common organism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Allergic fungal sinusitis was most commonly found in the age group of 20 to 29 years with maxillary sinus most commonly affected. </p>

scholarly journals Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Himanshi Narang ◽  
Amit Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Second Wave

The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.

scholarly journals Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Abuga Guto ◽  
Christine C Bii ◽  
David W Denning
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Populations At Risk

Introduction: Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published. Methodology: We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estimate national incidence or prevalence of serious fungal infections. Used sources were: 2010 WHO TB statistics, Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic Update 2012, Kenya Facts and figures 2012, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009. Results: Of Kenya’s population of ~40 million, 43% are under 15 years old and approximately 594,660 Kenyan women get >4 episodes Candida vulvovaginitis annually (2,988/100,000). The HIV/AIDS population at risk of opportunistic infections (OI) is 480,000 and the OI estimates include 306,000 patients with oral thrush (768/100,000), 114,000 with oesophageal candidiasis (286/100,000), 11,900 with cryptococcal meningitis (29/100,000) and 17,000 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (42/100,000). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following TB has a prevalence of 10,848 cases (32/100,000). The adult asthma prevalence is 3.1% and assuming 2.5% have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis then 17,696 (44/100,000) are affected.  Invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia and Candida peritonitis are probably uncommon. Tinea capitis infects 9.6% of children in Kenya, while fungal keratitis and otomycoses are difficult to estimate. Conclusion: At any one time, about 7% of the Kenyan population suffers from a significant fungal infection, with recurrent vaginitis and tinea capitis accounting for 82% of the infections. These estimates require further epidemiological studies for validation.

scholarly journals Fungal sinusitis clinical presentation, latest management: A Review Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Bithi Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Chronic Invasive

Fungal sinusitis is a relatively common, often misdiagnosed disease process involving the paranasal sinuses. It is a serious condition, as certain forms of fungal sinusitis are associated with a high rate of mortality. Successful treatment requires a prompt diagnosis and frequently relies on radiologic imaging, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The classification of fungal sinusitis is ever changing, but under the most current and widely accepted classification fungal sinusitis is broadly categorized as either invasive or noninvasive. Invasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the presence of fungal hyphae within the mucosa, submucosa, bone, or blood vessels of the paranasal sinuses. Invasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into acute invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic invasive fungal sinusitis, and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis. Conversely, noninvasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the absence of hyphae within the mucosal and other tissues of the paranasal sinuses. Noninvasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into allergic fungal sinusitis and fungus ball (fungal mycetoma).Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):16-19

scholarly journals Quality of life in patients with fungal infection of nose and paranasal sinuses: A study from North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Tanuja Kaushal ◽  
Nitin Gupta ◽  
Rushi ◽  
Surinder Singhal ◽  
Jagdish Chander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
North India ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

scholarly journals The double trouble: COVID-19 associated mucormycosis a focused review and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Agnihotri ◽  
Monika Vij ◽  
Okezie I. Aruoma ◽  
Vipul D Yagnik ◽  
Theeshan Bahorun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Many

Mucormycosis, a deadly fungal infection, has affected thousands of COVID-19 patients in India. Mucormycosis, formerly known as zygomycosis, is caused by the many fungi that belong to the family “Mucorales.” These molds are commonly found in soil, air, and damp walls and frequently colonize oral mucosa, nose, paranasal sinuses, and throat. The pathophysiological consequences of diabetes combined with the acute inflammatory surge in COVID-19 and steroid treatment weakens person’s immunity and renders susceptibility to fungal infections. Patients treated for severe COVID-19 have damaged lungs and suppressed immune system, an environment that supports fungal infection. Fungal spores can grow in airways or sinuses, and invade bodies’ tissues, explaining why the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are the most common site of mucormycosis infection, the consequential spread to the eyes can cause blindness, or causing headaches or seizures if the infection spreads to the brain. Poorly controlled diabetes often results in acidosis in tissues a suitable environment for Mucorales fungi to grow, exacerbating the risk for mucormycosis. This becomes clinically important, especially in India that has an increased prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes. Given that a significant increase in the cases of mucormycosis in the diabetic patients treated for COVID-19 is strongly associated with corticosteroid administration, there is a need to evaluate use of dietary nutraceuticals with immune boosting potentials that modulate metabolic abnormalities in the management of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis.

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