scholarly journals Giant rhinolith: Still a neglected entity in modern era

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Aman ◽  
Manoroma Saini ◽  
Usha Poonia ◽  
Manisha Kumari ◽  
Sukriti Bansal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Medial Wall ◽  
Palatal Perforation ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Modern Era

Word rhino- and - lith, literally meaning “nose & stone”. So, it is basically a stone that forms inside the nasal cavity. It is an uncommon disease that may present asymptomatically or as an accidental finding. Rhinolith itself is a rare condition out of which giant rhinolith case is extremely rare. If left undiagnosed or untreated it can cause rhinosinusitis, erosion of the nasal septum & medial wall of maxillary sinus & palatal perforation.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

The nasal cavity of two traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia, Gomphodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Arymathéia Santos Franco ◽  
Rodrigo Temp Müller ◽  
Agustín G. Martinelli ◽  
Carolina A. Hoffmann ◽  
Leonardo Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Traversodontidae is a group of Triassic herbivorous/omnivorous cynodonts that represents the most diversified lineage within Cynognathia. In southern Brazil, a rich fossil record of late Middle/mid-Late Triassic cynodonts has been documented, with Exaeretodon riograndensis Abdala, Barberena, and Dornelles, 2002 and Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum Pavanatto et al., 2018 representing two abundant and well-documented traversodontids. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the morphology of the nasal cavity, nasal recesses, nasolacrimal duct, and maxillary canals of both species using computed tomography, highlighting the changes that occurred in parallel to the origin of mammaliaforms. Our results show that there were no ossified turbinals or a cribriform plate delimiting the posterior end of the nasal cavity, suggesting these structures were probably cartilaginous as in nonmammaliaform cynodonts. Both species show lateral ridges on the internal surface of the roof of the nasal cavity, but the median ridge for the attachment of a nasal septum is absent. Exaeretodon riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum show recesses on the dorsal region of the nasal cavity, which increase the volume of the nasal cavity, potentially enhancing the olfactory chamber and contributing to the sense of smell. On the lateral sides of the nasal cavity, the analyzed taxa show a well-developed maxillary recess. Although E. riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum have roughly similar nasal cavities, in the former taxon, the space between the left and right dorsal recesses of the nasal cavity is uniform along its entire extension, whereas this space narrows posteriorly in S. niemeyerorum. Finally, the nasolacrimal duct of S. niemeyerorum is more inclined anteroposteriorly than in E. riograndensis.

scholarly journals Functional and cosmetic surgery for management of the calcifying odontogenic cyst intruding into maxillary sinus and nasal cavity - Case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Souza Moraes ◽  
Lucas Moura Sousa ◽  
Isadora Mello Vilarinho Soares ◽  
Lara Eunice Cândido Soares ◽  
Simone Souza Lobão Veras Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Odontogenic Cyst ◽  
Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

scholarly journals Primary nasal meningioma- a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127-1129
Author(s):  
A Ghosh ◽  
G Ghartimagar ◽  
S Thapa ◽  
MK Shrestha ◽  
OP Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sinonasal Tract ◽  
Nasal Stuffiness ◽  
One Year

Extracranial meningiomas may be subdivided into primary and secondary types based on absence or presence of intracranial attachments respectively. Primary sinonasal tract meningiomas are rare with unknown etiopathology and non-specific clinical presentation. Of these PEMs only 11.5% are in the nasal cavity and nasal septum. To our knowledge less than 50 cases of PEM of nasal cavity have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 22 years old male who presented with epistaxis and increasing nasal stuffiness for the last one year.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Maxillary Sinus

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Johann F. Castañeda ◽  
Jeffrey S. Concepcion ◽  
Ricardo L. Ramirez ◽  
Kirt Areis Delovino
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Inflammatory Pseudotumor ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Inflammatory Pseudotumors ◽  
Left Maxillary Sinus

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rarely occurring lesion with no identifiable local or systemic cause. First described in 1905 by Birch-Hirschfield,1 it remains somewhat of an enigmatic disease entity despite multiple otolaryngologic, radiologic, and pathologic reports. The term “pseudotumor” was used because these lesions mimic invasive malignant tumors, both clinically and radiologically. IPT most commonly involves the lung and orbit, but has also been reported to occur at sites that make biopsy or excision difficult or potentially disfiguring.2 Its diagnosis and prompt recognition may help avoid radical surgery for this benign lesion.     CASE               A 27-year-old male was seen at our outpatient department due to a progressively enlarging left infraorbital mass. Two years prior, the patient noted a swelling over his left infraorbital area. The swelling was somewhat painful and rapidly grew in size so that it measured almost 2.5x2.5cm after a week. Still tender, it became firm and violaceous in color. He sought medical attention at a local hospital after one more week of persistent swelling and increasing cheek pain, but denied excessive lacrimation, blurring of vision, orbital pain, eye discharge or numbness.               Incision and drainage of the left infraorbital mass drained purulent material with resolution of the swelling and associated symptoms, but a pea-sized mass was still palpable over the post operative site.  Over the months that followed, the mass gradually increased in size, with occasional serosanguinous discharge from the incision site. There was no pain, numbness or blurring of vision.  He self-medicated with Cefalexin, taken irregularly for 8 months without any improvement, before finally consulting again.               An orbital CT scan requested by the referring Ophthalmology service showed an expansile, mildly enhancing soft tissue mass with few peripheral foci of calcifications measuring 8.2 x 4.4 x 6.4 cm (Figures 1 A, B) completely occupying the left maxillary sinus and extending up to the infero-lateral aspect of the left orbital cavity. There was erosion of the lateral portion of the left orbital floor and disruption of the frontal process of the left zygomatic bone with obliteration and effacement of the left pterygopalatine fossa.   Our physical examination revealed a firm, fixed, nontender 4x4cm left inferior orbital mass with serosanguinous discharge, and a bulging lateral nasal wall. Epiphora from the left eye suggested nasolacrimal duct obstruction, but vision and extraocular movements were intact.               Caldwell-Luc biopsy surprisingly yielded only necrotic and inflammatory tissues despite generous samples from multiple sections of the maxillary portion, and inflammatory polyps from the intranasal component.  At surgery after a few weeks, the mass still occupied the entire left maxillary sinus despite the previous biopsy which had removed a significant amount of tumor. Furthermore, the mass now extended beyond the maxillary sinus into the left upper gingivobuccal area thru the previous maxillary window. The entire clinically aggressive maxillary sinus mass was removed under endoscopic guidance, but the final histopathology report was still similar to the previous findings of necrotic and inflammatory tissues.               A month after surgery, the patient was seen at the Emergency room for left infraorbital swelling and discharge. Contrast-enhanced MRI of the nasopharynx showed a large expansile left maxillary sinus lesion bulging into the nasal cavity, extending into adjacent lateral orbital soft tissue and extending into the buccal space through an apparently disrupted left inferolateral maxillary wall. Intravenous antibiotics and a high-dose steroid trial resulted in complete disappearance of the left infraorbital mass and discharge within a week, and the patient was discharged on a tapering steroid dose.     DISCUSSION               Inflammatory pseudotumor is a quasi-neoplastic lesion that has been reported to occur in nearly every site in the body, most commonly involving the lung and the orbit, and rarely the maxillary sinus1. Its diagnosis is usually by exemption since clinical and histopathologic findings are sometimes vague and inconsistent. The exact etiology of these lesions is not clear. It has been postulated that they might be the result of a post-inflammatory repair process, a metabolic disturbance, or an antigen-antibody interaction with an agent that was no longer identifiable in aspiration or biopsy material.3 The clinical findings in a patient with an inflammatory pseudotumor are variable, depending on the growth rate of the lesion and the specific structures that have been affected. Inflammatory pseudotumors have been reported to cause chronic cough (as a result of endobronchial growth), dry cough, fever, pleuritic pain, right upper quadrant or epigastric pain,  and several constitutional symptoms, such as malaise, weight loss, fatigue, and syncope. Inflammatory pseudotumors have been found incidentally during imaging examinations for other reasons.3 Extraorbital inflammatory pseudotumor of head and neck can occur in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, maxillary sinus, larynx and trachea. Perineural spread along maxillary, mandibular and hypoglossal nerves had been described. Sinonasal inflammatory psuedotumors do not affect a particular age group and cause no systemic symptoms.  However, they have a more aggressive appearance than those of the orbit, with bony changes such as erosion, remodelling and sclerosis usually seen on radiographic studies.4 On CAT scans, a moderately enhancing soft tissue mass is usually seen, accompanied by bony changes common among malignant processes.5 On cut sections, inflammatory cells dominate as well as necrotic tissues. In some patients, laboratory findings are normal; in others, there might be an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level and sometimes a high white blood cell count3. However, none of the published reports on inflammatory pseudotumor have mentioned any presence of positive tumor markers. Complete surgical resection if possible is the treatment of choice for sinonasal inflammatory pseudotumors, followed by corticosteroids in cases of incomplete excision.  Response to steroids is often unpredictable, but these drugs are the primary treatment method for orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. The only cases in which radiation therapy is indicated are those patients for whom surgery or corticosteroid therapy is unsuccessful or contraindicated.6

scholarly journals A paradigm shift: “Defect of the fontanel” instead of “Accessory ostium” and classified nasal septal deformities instead of “septal deviation”

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Ranko Mladina ◽  
Neven Skitarelić ◽  
Cemal Cingi ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Septal Deviation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Normal Finding

Abstract OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this article is to highlight some terms which have been ingrained in the rhinosinusology literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS. It regards the term “accessory ostium” and the term “septal deviation”. The well-known and deeply ingrained term “accessory ostium” has been widely used for decades, but essentially it is absolutely incorrect. “Septal deviation” is an inadequate term for the changes of the nasal septum form. RESULTS. From the linguistic point of view, “accessory” means something (or someone) which (or who) helps someone or gives support (to something or someone) in some process. We recommend the use of the term “defect of the fontanel” instead of “accessory ostium”. The use of the term “septal deformity” (from Latin: de forma, meaning the change in the shape) is etymologically much more appropriate. Septal deformities appear in man in several, well defined shapes and, therefore, can be correctly classified. The classification contributes to the further scientific conversations regarding the clinical issues connected to the changes of the nasal septum form. CONCLUSION. The usual term “accessory ostium” suggests almost a normal finding on the lateral nasal wall, but, on the contrary, it clearly signalizes that the respective maxillary sinus is chronically inflamed. The usual term “septal deviation” is not at all specific and only suggests that something is wrong with the position of the nasal septum. It does not at all imply any of the six well known types of septal deformities in man.

scholarly journals Rhinolith causing unilateral chronic rhinosinusitis: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Sumit Prinja ◽  
Garima Bansal ◽  
Jailal Davessar ◽  
Simmi Jindal ◽  
Suchina Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Endonasal Approach ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
The Right

<p class="abstract">Rhinolith or nasal stone is formed by mineralization within nasal cavity. They are calcareous concretions that are formed by the deposition of salts on an intranasal foreign body. It is an uncommon disease that may present asymptomatically or cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, consecutive sinusitis with or without purulent rhinitis, post nasal discharge, epistaxis, anosmia, nasal malodour and headache. They are usually diagnosed incidentally on radiographic examinations or depending on the symptoms. In this paper we report a 28-year-old woman admitted in the ENT department of GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot with a calcified mass in the right nasal cavity causing long standing unilateral nasal obstruction for 3 years, rhinorrhoea (usually malodourous foetid), post nasal discharge and headache for 1 year. The calcified mass was thought to contain the air cell and removed by endonasal approach. The aim of this study is to report a case of rhinolith with chronic maxillary sinusitis along with a review of literature.</p>

scholarly journals Morphofunctional State of the Maxillary Sinus Mucosa in Patients After Endoscopic Infundibulotomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Djuraev Jamolbek Abdukakharovich ◽  
◽  
Makhsitaliev Mukhammadbobur Ibrokhimovich, Ibrokhimovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Morphological State

The work carried out made it possible to substantiate the need to apply a method for studying the frequency of beating of cilia of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis when choosing treatment tactics in an ENT hospital. Analysis of the study of data on the functional and morphological state of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus allows us to judge the severity of the pathological process before surgery, which is the fundamental factor in the algorithm for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Orbital Roof ◽  
External Nose ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Walls

The nasal cavity is the entrance to the respiratory tract. Its functions are to clean, warm, and humidify air as it is inhaled. Respiratory mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, as described in Chapter 5 and illustrated in Figure 5.2B, lines the majority of the nasal cavity. The cilia and mucus trap particles, thus cleaning the air; the mucus also humidifies the air and warming is achieved through heat exchange from blood in the very vascular mucosa. The efficiency of all these processes is increased by expanding the surface of the nasal cavity by folds of bone. The nasal cavity also houses the olfactory mucosa for the special sense of olfaction although the olfactory mucosa occupies a very small proportion of the surface of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity extends from the nostrils on the lower aspect of the external nose to the two posterior nasal apertures between the medial pterygoid plates where it is in continuation with the nasopharynx. Bear in mind that in dried or model skulls, the nasal cavity is smaller from front to back and the anterior nasal apertures seem extremely large because the cartilaginous skeleton of the external nose is lost during preparation of dried skulls. As you can see in Figure 27.1 , the nasal cavity extends vertically from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid at about the level of the orbital roof above to the palate, separating it from the oral cavity below. Figure 27.1 also shows that the nasal cavity is relatively narrow from side to side, especially in its upper part between the two orbits and widens where it sits between the right and left sides of the upper jaw below the orbits. The nasal cavity is completely divided into right and left compartments by the nasal septum . From the anterior view seen in Figure 27.1 , you can see that the surface area of lateral walls of the nasal cavity are extended by the three folds of bone, the nasal conchae. The skeleton of the external nose shown in Figure 27.2 comprises the nasal bones, the upper and lower nasal cartilages, the septal cartilage, and the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum.

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