scholarly journals Ocular manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus patients presenting to tertiary eye care centre in rural area

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-365
Author(s):  
Nehal Nareshkumar Mohata ◽  
Saud Gafur Deshmukh ◽  
Sudhir Sudhakar Pendke ◽  
Akshay Rajeshwar Padgilwar ◽  
Sunil Devrao Dokhale
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Aids

The ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS may lead to visual impairment or blindness. The need of hour is an understating of ocular sequelae of HIV infection leading to an early diagnosis of AIDS so that we can start early and effective treatment as per conditions.1. To study the prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients; 2. To study relation of CD4 T Cell count with ocular diseases. The study concluded that HIV/AIDS is a significant cause of ocular disease. Almost around 39% patients having HIV/AIDS have eye disease. HIV Retinopathy is most common in posterior segment and lens involvement is most common in anterior segment manifestations. Usually, early presentation of ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS patients is asymptomatic or with very less symptoms, which leads to delay in diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Anti-cytomegalovirus Immunoglobulin G Is Linked to CD4 T-cell Count Decay in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Elite Controllers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Isnard ◽  
Rayoun Ramendra ◽  
John Lin ◽  
Sanket Kant ◽  
Brandon Fombuena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Elite controllers (ECs) are people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who spontaneously control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. We observed that elevated anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels correlated with annual CD4 T-cell count decay in ECs independently of age, sex, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. Elevated anti-CMV titers may favor disease progression in ECs.

scholarly journals A feline immunodeficiency virus vif-deletion mutant remains attenuated upon infection of newborn kittens

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 2793-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Shen ◽  
Christian M. Leutenegger ◽  
Kelly Stefano Cole ◽  
Niels C. Pedersen ◽  
Ellen E. Sparger
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

This report characterizes lentivirus attenuation associated with a vif mutation by inoculation of newborn kittens with a vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus plasmid (FIV-pPPRΔvif). Virus in peripheral blood, antiviral antibody or CD4 T-cell count alterations were not detected in kittens inoculated with FIV-pPPRΔvif plasmid, with the exception of one kitten that demonstrated FIV Gag antibody production at 42 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, wild-type FIV-pPPR-infected kittens were viraemic, seropositive and exhibited a decrease in the CD4 T-cell subset in peripheral blood. Interestingly, FIV-specific T-cell proliferative responses detected at 32 and 36 weeks after infection were comparable for both FIV-pPPRΔvif- and wild-type FIV-pPPR-inoculated kittens and suggested the possibility of a discreet tissue reservoir supporting sustained FIV-pPPRΔvif expression or replication. Overall, these findings confirmed that the severe virus attenuation for both replication and pathogenicity exhibited by a vif-deleted FIV mutant is similar for both neonatal and adult hosts.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Is Associated With Decreased Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Density in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Debroy ◽  
Jordan E Lake ◽  
Carlee Moser ◽  
Maxine Olefsky ◽  
Kristine M Erlandson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Adipose tissue (AT) alterations are common in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Decreases in AT density suggest disrupted adipocyte function/hypertrophy. We assessed changes in AT density after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and associations with immunometabolic parameters. Methods In a prospective randomized clinical trial of ART initiation, L4–L5 abdominal CT scans measured subcutaneous AT (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) area and density in treatment-naive PLWH randomized to tenofovir-emtricitabine plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir, ritonavir-boosted darunavir, or raltegravir. Linear regression models compared week 0 and week 96 levels, and 96-week changes, in SAT and VAT density (in Hounsfield units [HU]). Spearman correlations assessed relationships between AT density and immunometabolic parameters. Results Of the 228 participants, 89% were male and 44% were white non-Hispanic. Median age was 36 years, baseline HIV-1 RNA was 4.6 log10 copies/mL, and CD4+ T-cell count was 344 cells/μL. Over 96 weeks, SAT and VAT HU decreased significantly in all arms. Less dense week 96 SAT and VAT density correlated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin (r = 0.19–0.30) levels and lower interleukin 6, non-HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = −0.23 to −0.68) levels at week 96 after adjusting for baseline CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 RNA, and baseline AT area. Conclusions Following virologic suppression, lower SAT and VAT density was associated with greater plasma measures of systemic inflammation, lipid disturbances, and insulin resistance independent of AT area, suggesting that changes in AT density with ART may lead to adverse health outcomes independent of AT quantity. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00851799.

scholarly journals Gradually increased dyslipidemia  in human immunodeficiency virus infected male patients with tenofovir plus lamivudine plus efavirenz primary treatment: a 3-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
dafeng liu ◽  
Bennan Zhao ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Fengjiao Gao ◽  
Jun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract IntroductionSince the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with TDF plus 3TC plus EFV, the long-term dynamic characteristics of lipid and purine metabolism in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was unclear and worth studying.MethodsA prospective follow-up cohort study was the way. Sixty-one treatment-naive HIV infected male patients were divided into three groups based on the baseline CD4 + T cell count (26, 12, 23cases in < 200, from 200 to 350, > 350 three groups, respectively). Lipid and purine metabolism parameters of those patients within 144 weeks were analyzed.ResultTG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c level all gradually increased within 144 weeks, but statistical significances of TC level and HDL-c level were only found (F = 4.214, 5.518, P = 0.001, 0.000 ,respectively). Moreover the percentage of hypercholesterolemia, hyper LDL cholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia all gradually increased, low HDL cholesterolemia gradually decreased, but there was only obvious difference of the latter (χ2 = 16.105, P = 0.0007).Furthermore the lower the baseline CD4 + T lymphocyte counts, the higher TG level, the lower TC level, LDL-c level and HDL-c level, but only significant difference of LDL-c level between three groups at baseline was found (F = 3.256,P = 0.0457).Although UA level and the percentages of hyperuricemia gradually increased within 144 weeks, but there was no significant difference between different follow-up time points groups and between three CD4 + T cell count groups (all P༞0.05).ConclusionsThese findings provide a reference for clinicians to monitor lipid metabolism parameters closely during long-term HAART with TDF plus 3TC plus EFV regimen.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimelis Assefa ◽  
Berhanu Erko ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Zelalem Assefa ◽  
Techalew Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Ocular manifestations in HIV/AIDS cases in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lamichhane ◽  
DN Shah ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ◽  
Cmv Retinitis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: A significant number of patients with HIV/AIDS can have ocular manifestations. Almost every structure in the eyes can be affected in this condition. Objective: To study various ocular manifestations in the cases known to be infected with HIV. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out including 117 subjects positive for HIV using the purposive sampling method. Their demographic pattern and ocular findings were studied. Findings were recorded in the pro forma developed for the study. Statistics: SPSS ver 14.0 was used for data analysis. The p value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 117 HIV infected cases were included in this study. Among them, 76 (64.95 %) were male and 41 (35.05 %) female. The mean age of the subjects was 30.04 ± 11.32 years. The duration of HIV detection ranged from 1-5 years. Ocular complaints were present in 26.49 % of the subjects. Ocular manifestations were present in 56 % of the patients with complaints and in 27.3 % of asymptomatic patients. Ocular involvement was seen in 55 (47 %) patients. The common anterior segment findings were herpes zoster ophthalmicus (4.27 %), anterior uveitis (2.56 %), blepharitis (2.56 %) and conjunctivitis (1.7 %), whereas HIV retinopathy (19.6 %), CMV retinitis (5.1 %), ocular toxoplasmosis (2.5 %) and presumed ocular tuberculosis (0.85 %) were common posterior segment findings. Conclusion: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, anterior uveitis, HIV retinopathy and CMV retinitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infections. Keywords: HIV/AIDS; anterior and posterior segments; ocular involvement DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i1.3704 Nep J Oph 2010;2(1) 45-50

scholarly journals Continued Elevation of Interleukin-18 and Interferon-γ After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Clinical Failure in a Diverse Multicountry Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin Balagopal ◽  
Nikhil Gupte ◽  
Rupak Shivakoti ◽  
Andrea L. Cox ◽  
Wei-Teng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background.  We assessed immune activation after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to understand clinical failure in diverse settings. Methods.  We performed a case-control study in ACTG Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings (PEARLS). Cases were defined as incident World Health Organization Stage 3 or 4 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease or death, analyzed from ART weeks 24 (ART24) to 96. Controls were randomly selected. Interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible protein-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, IFN-γ, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured pre-ART and at ART24 in plasma. Continued elevation was defined by thresholds set by highest pre-ART quartiles (&gt;Q3). Incident risk ratios (IRRs) for clinical progression were estimated by Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, treatment, country, time-updated CD4+ T-cell count, HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA), and prevalent tuberculosis. Results.  Among 99 cases and 234 controls, median baseline CD4+ T-cell count was 181 cells/µL, and HIV RNA was 5.05 log10 cp/mL. Clinical failure was independently associated with continued elevations of IL-18 (IRR, 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–7.20), sCD14 (IRR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.02–4.62), and IFN-γ (IRR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.61). Among 276 of 333 (83%) who were virologically suppressed at ART24, IFN-γ was associated with protection from failure, but the association with sCD14 was attenuated. Conclusions.  Continued IL-18 and sCD14 elevations were associated with clinical ART failure. Interferon-γ levels may reflect preserved immune function.

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