Correlation of the history of stroke and the retinal artery occlusion: a nested case-control study

ObjectivesThis study investigated the risk of neurodegenerative dementia following asthma.DesignA nested case–control studySettingThe ≥60-year-old population was selected from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service – National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013.Participants and interventionsThe 11 442 dementia cases were matched with 45 768 control cases for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Asthma was classified using International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) codes (J45 and J46) and medication history. Dementia was identified based on ICD-10 codes (G30 and F00).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe ORs of a previous history of asthma in patients with dementia were analysed using conditional logistic regression analysis stratified for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age and sex.ResultsOverall, 22.6% (2587/11 442) and 22.3% (10 229/45 768) of the cases in the dementia and control groups, respectively, had a previous history of asthma. The OR for asthma in the dementia group was not higher than that in the control group (adjusted OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.02, p=0.207). All age and sex subgroups demonstrated consistent results.ConclusionsAsthma was not related to an increased risk of dementia.

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Viral Load in the Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection: A Nested Case–Control Study

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jir049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 203 (10) ◽

pp. 1425-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Long Fu Xi ◽

James P. Hughes ◽

Philip E. Castle ◽

Zoe R. Edelstein ◽

Chunhui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Natural History ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽

History Of ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Timing, Dosage, and Adherence of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.631480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mu-Lin Chiu ◽

Wen-Miin Liang ◽

Ju-Pi Li ◽

Chi-Fung Cheng ◽

Jian-Shiun Chiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

High Doses ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Current Exposure

The progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is delayed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, long-term ART is associated with adverse effects. Osteoporosis is one of the adverse effects and is a multifactorial systemic skeletal disease associated with bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture. We performed a longitudinal, comprehensive, nested case-control study to explore the effect of ART on the risk of osteoporosis in 104 osteoporotic and 416 non-osteoporotic patients with HIV infection at their average age about 29 years old in Taiwan. Patients with history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative defined daily doses (DDDs), or higher ART adherence were at a higher risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Patients receiving nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimen (zidovudine-lamivudine combination, lamivudine-abacavir combination, and abacavir alone) and protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen (lopinavir-ritonavir combination, ritonavir, and atazanavir) had a higher risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). Especially, patients receiving high doses of the PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination had an increased risk of osteoporosis (p < 0.05). In conclusion, history of ART, current exposure to ART, higher cumulative DDDs, and higher ART adherence were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, NRTI- and PI-containing regimens and high doses of PIs lopinavir-ritonavir combination may be associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with HIV infection in Taiwan.

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Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-019-2994-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuyu Ishimoto ◽

Cyrus Cooper ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

Hiroshi Yamada ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

X Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Data ◽

History Of ◽

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). Methods The WSS is a cross-sectional observational study amongst Japanese adults. All participants completed a lifetime occupational history and underwent X-rays of the lumbar spine (L1-S1) according to a pre-defined protocol. One trained surgeon graded the presence of a spondylolisthesis based upon ≥5% anterior or posterior slip at one or more levels. Cases, with lumbar spondylolisthesis, were compared with controls without, for their principal occupation and occupational exposures. Results In total, data were available for 722 adults (245 men and 477 women), mean age 70.1 (range 53–93) years. According to the pre-defined radiographic criteria, 117 were defined with spondylolisthesis (cases), leaving 605 controls. Cases were not significantly different from controls for age, gender, BMI, smoking or alcohol intake. However, cases were more than twice as likely to report occupational driving ≥4 h/day (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.08–5.27) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Additionally, after stratification by age using 75 years as a cut-point, cases were more than 3-fold more likely to report having worked in the agricultural/ fishing industries (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.29–9.29) among those aged < 75 years. A reduced risk of being a case was associated with climbing slopes/steps and walking. Conclusions A history of occupational driving and working in the agricultural/fishing industry were associated with radiographic spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional population study. This finding requires further evaluation in longitudinal studies.

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Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings From A Nested Case Control Study Within The Wakayama Spine Study

10.21203/rs.2.10836/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuyu Ishimoto ◽

Cyrus Cooper ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

Hiroshi Yamada ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

X Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Data ◽

History Of ◽

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). Methods: The WSS is a cross-sectional observational study amongst Japanese adults. All participants completed a lifetime occupational history and underwent X-rays of the lumbar spine (L1-S1) according to a pre-defined protocol. One trained surgeon graded the presence of a spondylolisthesis based upon ≥5% anterior or posterior slip at one or more levels. Cases, with lumbar spondylolisthesis, were compared with controls without, for their principal occupation and occupational exposures. Results: In total, data were available for 722 adults (245 men and 477 women), mean age 70.1 (range 53-93) years. According to the pre-defined radiographic criteria, 117 were defined with spondylolisthesis (cases), leaving 605 controls. Cases were not significantly different from controls for age, gender, BMI, smoking or alcohol intake. However, cases were more than twice as likely to report occupational driving ≥ 4 hours/day (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.08-5.27) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Additionally, after stratification by age using 75 years as a cut-point, cases were more than 3-fold more likely to report having worked in the agricultural/ fishing industries (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.29-9.29) among those aged <75 years. A reduced risk of being a case was associated with climbing slopes/steps and walking. Conclusions: A history of occupational driving and working in the agricultural/fishing industry were associated with radiographic spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional population study. This finding requires further evaluation in longitudinal studies.

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Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the wakayama spine study

10.21203/rs.2.10836/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuyu Ishimoto ◽

Cyrus Cooper ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

Hiroshi Yamada ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

X Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Data ◽

History Of ◽

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). Methods: The WSS is a cross-sectional observational study amongst Japanese adults. All participants completed a lifetime occupational history and underwent X-rays of the lumbar spine (L1-S1) according to a pre-defined protocol. One trained surgeon graded the presence of a spondylolisthesis based upon ≥5% anterior or posterior slip at one or more levels. Cases, with lumbar spondylolisthesis, were compared with controls without, for their principal occupation and occupational exposures. Results: In total, data were available for 722 adults (245 men and 477 women), mean age 70.1 (range 53-93) years. According to the pre-defined radiographic criteria, 117 were defined with spondylolisthesis (cases), leaving 605 controls. Cases were not significantly different from controls for age, gender, BMI, smoking or alcohol intake. However, cases were more than twice as likely to report occupational driving ≥ 4 hours/day (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.08-5.27) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Additionally, after stratification by age using 75 years as a cut-point, cases were more than 3-fold more likely to report having worked in the agricultural/ fishing industries (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.29-9.29) among those aged <75 years. A reduced risk of being a case was associated with climbing slopes/steps and walking. Conclusions: A history of occupational driving and working in the agricultural/fishing industry were associated with radiographic spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional population study. This finding requires further evaluation in longitudinal studies.

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Is radiographic lumbar spondylolisthesis associated with occupational exposures? Findings from a nested case control study within the Wakayama spine study

10.21203/rs.2.10836/v4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yuyu Ishimoto ◽

Cyrus Cooper ◽

Georgia Ntani ◽

Hiroshi Yamada ◽

Hiroshi Hashizume ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

X Rays ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Data ◽

History Of ◽

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between radiographic spondylolisthesis and occupational factors in a case-control study nested within the Wakayama Spine Study (WSS). Methods: The WSS is a cross-sectional observational study amongst Japanese adults. All participants completed a lifetime occupational history and underwent X-rays of the lumbar spine (L1-S1) according to a pre-defined protocol. One trained surgeon graded the presence of a spondylolisthesis based upon ≥5% anterior or posterior slip at one or more levels. Cases, with lumbar spondylolisthesis, were compared with controls without, for their principal occupation and occupational exposures. Results: In total, data were available for 722 adults (245 men and 477 women), mean age 70.1 (range 53-93) years. According to the pre-defined radiographic criteria, 117 were defined with spondylolisthesis (cases), leaving 605 controls. Cases were not significantly different from controls for age, gender, BMI, smoking or alcohol intake. However, cases were more than twice as likely to report occupational driving ≥ 4 hours/day (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.08-5.27) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Additionally, after stratification by age using 75 years as a cut-point, cases were more than 3-fold more likely to report having worked in the agricultural/ fishing industries (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.29-9.29) among those aged <75 years. A reduced risk of being a case was associated with climbing slopes/steps and walking. Conclusions: A history of occupational driving and working in the agricultural/fishing industry were associated with radiographic spondylolisthesis in this cross-sectional population study. This finding requires further evaluation in longitudinal studies.

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Association Between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and History of Statin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599820969630 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 019459982096963

Author(s):

So Young Kim ◽

Jee Hye Wee ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Dae Myoung Yoo ◽

Hyo Geun Choi

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Region Of Residence ◽

History Of ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Statin Use

Objective The effect of statin on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between prior statin use and SSNHL. Study Design A nested case-control study. Setting Participants aged ≥40 years were enrolled from the 2002-2015 Korean National Health Insurance Service–Health Screening Cohort. Methods A total of 5876 patients with SSNHL were matched with 23,504 control participants for age, sex, income, and region of residence. History of statin use for 2 years before SSNHL onset was investigated between the groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of the length of statin use for SSNHL stratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence were analyzed with conditional logistic regression. Dyslipidemia, total cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose, hemoglobin, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were adjusted. The adjusted variables were subjected to subgroup analyses. Results The SSNHL group had a longer duration of statin use than the control group (mean [SD], 81.9 [197.7] days vs 72.7 [188.0] days; P = .001). However, statin use was not associated with SSNHL after adjusting for the confounders (adjusted OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98-1.11; P = .245). There was a positive correlation between statin use and SSNHL in the crude model (crude OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.16; P = .001). However, there was no association between statin use and SSNHL in all subgroup analyses. Conclusion Previous statin use was not associated with SSNHL.

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Pioglitazone use associated with reduced risk of the first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly onset type 2 diabetes: a nationwide nested case–control study

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-021-01339-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Junghee Ha ◽

Dong-Woo Choi ◽

Keun You Kim ◽

Chung Mo Nam ◽

Eosu Kim

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Onset Type ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

History Of ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Reduced Risk

Abstract Background Pioglitazone use is known to be associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who have a history of stroke. However, it is unclear whether this benefit extends to patients without a history of stroke. We aimed to evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and development of first attack of ischemic stroke in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Methods Using longitudinal nationwide data from the 2002–2017 Korean National Health Insurance Service DM cohort, we analyzed the association between pioglitazone use and incidence of primary ischemic stroke using a nested case–control study. Among 128,171 patients with newly onset type 2 DM who were stroke-free at the time of DM diagnosis, 4796 cases of ischemic stroke were identified and matched to 23,980 controls based on age, sex, and the onset and duration of DM. The mean (standard deviation) follow-up time was 6.08 (3.34) years for the cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ischemic stroke and pioglitazone use were analyzed by multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for comorbidities, cardiometabolic risk profile, and other oral antidiabetic medications. Results Pioglitazone use was associated with a reduced risk of first attack of ischemic stroke (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.60–0.80) when compared with non-use. Notably, pioglitazone use was found to have a dose-dependent association with reduced rate of ischemic stroke emergence (first cumulative defined daily dose [cDDD] quartile AOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74–1.32; second quartile, AOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.56–1.06; third quartile, AOR 0.51, 95% Cl 0.36–0.71; highest quartile, AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.69). More pronounced risk reduction was found in patients who used pioglitazone for more than 2 years. A further stratified analysis revealed that pioglitazone use had greater protective effects in patients with risk factors for stroke, such as high blood pressure, obesity, and current smoking. Conclusions Pioglitazone use may have a preventive effect on primary ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 DM, particularly in those at high risk of stroke.

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