scholarly journals Process Variable Optimization of Cold Metal Transfer Technique in Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Alloy Using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Thinesh Babu Thiagarajan ◽  
Sengottuvel Ponnusamy
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Interface Thickness ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Parameter Combination ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Torch Angle ◽  
Aisi 316 L

In this work, an attempt was made to identify the optimised parameter combination in cold metal transfer (CMT) cladding process of AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel. cladding process was carried out using stellite 6 filler wire. Experiments were carried out based on L31 central composite design (CCD). Cladding was done with current, Voltage, torch angle and travel speed as input parameters. Quality of the clad was analysed by measuring depth of penetration, weld area, hardness of the clad surface, corrosion rate and clad interface thickness. Grey relation analysis was used to identify the optimised parameter combination. Trial number 18 was identified as the optimised parameter combination. The optimised input parameters are Welding Current 200 Amps, Voltage 19 V, Torch Angle 70⁰ and Welding Speed 150 m/min. ANOVA was used to identify the most influencing parameters on the overall multi-objective function and it was understood that the combined effect of torch angle, travel speed had a significant influence on the clad quality. Further investigation was carried out through an optimised set of parameters. The cladding experiment was conducted and their surface was investigated through clad profile, hardness of the cladded area, interface thickness of cladding region and corrosion rate.

Effect of depositing torch angle on the first layer of wire arc additive manufacture using cold metal transfer (CMT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanchu Su ◽  
Xizhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Weld Pool ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deposition Direction ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Torch Angle

Purpose This paper aims to mainly report the impact of torch angle on the dynamic behavior of the weld pool which is recorded and monitored in real time with the aid of a high-speed camera system. The influence of depositing torch angle on the fluctuation behavior of weld pool and the quality of weld formation are compared and analyzed. Design/methodology/approach The FANUC controlled robotic manufacturing system comprised a Fronius cold metal transfer (CMT) Advanced 4000R power source, FANUC robot, water cooling system, wire feeding system and a gas shielding system. An infrared laser was used to illuminate the weld pool for high-speed imaging at 1,000 frames per second with CR600X2 high-speed camera. The high-speed camera was set up a 35 ° angle with the deposition direction to investigate the weld pool flow patterns derived from high-speed video and the effect of torch angles on the first layer of wire additive manufacture-CMT. Findings The experimental results demonstrated that different torch angles significantly influence on the deposited morphology, porosity formation rate and weld pool flow. Originality/value With regard to the first layer of wire arc additive manufacture of aluminum alloys, the change of torch angle is critical. It is clear that different torch angles significantly influence on the weld morphology, porosity formation and weld pool flow. Furthermore, under different torch angles, the deposited beads will produce different defects. To get well deposited beads, 0-10° torch could be made away from the vertical position of the deposition direction, in which the formation of deposited beads were well and less porosity and other defects.

scholarly journals Effect of different variants of filler metal S Ni 6625 on properties and microstructure by additive layer manufactured using CMT process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Zinke ◽  
Stefan Burger ◽  
Julius Arnhold ◽  
Sven Jüttner
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Thin Walled Structures ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Wire Feed

AbstractThe influence of arc energy and different filler metal composition on the mechanical properties and macro- and microstructure of additively welded thin-walled structures of Ni-based alloy were investigated using four different variants commercially available solid wire electrodes of type S Ni 6625. As the welding process, the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process was used. The heat input and cooling rate were varied by adjusting wire feed and travel speed. The results show that an increase in arc energy leads to longer t10/6 cooling times. This leads to an increase in the dendrite arm spacing and thus to a reduction in the strength values and hardness of the thin-walled structures. The higher Fe-containing variant of S Ni 6625 produces the highest strength and hardness values, while the W-alloyed solid wire electrode produces the lowest values. The porosity in the walled structures was very low, and unacceptable weld defects, hot cracks and lack of fusion did not occur. Segregations occur in all weld metal specimens. While niobium, molybdenum and titanium are the preferred segregations in the Nb-alloyed Ni 6625 type weld metal, only Mo is present in the W-alloyed Ni 6660 type weld metal.

Laser Cladding of Stellite-6 on AISI 316 L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Empirical-Statistical Modeling and Parameter Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson Trevizan Pacheco ◽  
Leandro João da Silva ◽  
Luiz Delagnelo Barbetta ◽  
Henrique Santos Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Taveira Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Aisi 316 L

scholarly journals Effects of Thermal Cycling on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing of Al-5356 Components

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Markus Köhler ◽  
Jonas Hensel ◽  
Klaus Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cold Metal

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides a promising alternative to conventional machining for the production of large structures with complex geometry, as well as individualized low quantity components, using cost-efficient production resources. Due to the layer-by-layer build-up approach, process conditions, such as energy input, deposition patterns and heat conduction during the additive manufacturing process result in a unique thermal history of the structure, affecting the build-up properties. This experimental study aims to describe the effects of thermal cycling on the geometrical and material properties of wire arc additive manufactured Al-5356 aluminum alloy. Under consideration, that Al-5356 is a non-heat treatable alloy, a significant effect on geometrical formation is expected. Linear wall samples were manufactured using pulsed cold metal transfer (CMT-P) under variation of wire-feed rate, travel speed and interpass temperatures. The samples were analyzed in terms of geometry; microstructural composition; hardness and residual stress. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined in different building directions.

Effect of path strategy on residual stress and distortion in laser and cold metal transfer hybrid additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 102203
Author(s):  
Runsheng Li ◽  
Guilan Wang ◽  
Xushan Zhao ◽  
Fusheng Dai ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal

scholarly journals Influence of post weld heat treatment on tensile properties of cold metal transfer (CMT) arc welded AA6061-T6 aluminium alloy joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addanki Ramaswamy ◽  
Sudersanan Malarvizhi ◽  
Visvalingam Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Metal Transfer ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Metal Transfer ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Weld Heat

AbstractAluminium alloys of 6xxx series are widely used in the fabrication of light weight structures especially, where high strength to weight ratio and excellent weld-ability characteristics are desirable. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is the most predominantly used welding process in many industries due to the ease of automation. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to identify the best variant of GMAW process to overcome the problems like alloy segregation, precipitate dissolution and heat affected zone (HAZ) softening. Thin sheets of AA6061-T6 alloy were welded by cold metal transfer (CMT) and Pulsed CMT (PCMT). Among the two joints, the joint made by PCMT technique exhibited superior tensile properties due to the mechanical stirring action in the weld pool caused by forward and rearward movement of the wire along with the controllable diffusion rate at the interface caused by shorter solidification time. However, softening still exists in the welded joints. Further to increase the joint efficiency and to minimize HAZ softening, the joints were subjected to post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Approximately 10% improvement in the tensile properties had been observed in the PWHT joints due to the nucleation of strengthening precipitates in the weld metal and HAZ.

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