scholarly journals Advances in pediatric neuro-oncology

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Gillan ◽  
Ching C. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Pediatric Brain

The field of pediatric neuro-oncology research has undergone succession of rapid advances in the past ten years at an incredible pace. Most of these advances were driven by genomic and epigenomic characterizations of large cohort of samples assembled through international collaboration. As a result of these efforts, robust molecular markers of several types of pediatric brain tumors have been developed for diagnostic and prognostic applications.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy for pediatric brain tumors: past and present

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1226-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica B Foster ◽  
Peter J Madsen ◽  
Meenakshi Hegde ◽  
Nabil Ahmed ◽  
Kristina A Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Adoptive T Cell Therapy ◽  
Active Immunotherapy ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractThe field of cancer immunotherapy has progressed at an accelerated rate over the past decade. Pediatric brain tumors thus far have presented a formidable challenge for immunotherapy development, given their typically low mutational burden, location behind the blood–brain barrier in a unique tumor microenvironment, and intratumoral heterogeneity. Despite these challenges, recent developments in the field have resulted in exciting preclinical evidence for various immunotherapies and multiple clinical trials. This work reviews the history and advances in active immunotherapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapy for pediatric brain tumors, including ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals A pediatric brain tumor atlas of genes deregulated by somatic genomic rearrangement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Zhang ◽  
Fengju Chen ◽  
Lawrence A. Donehower ◽  
Michael E. Scheurer ◽  
Chad J. Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Cis Regulation ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Pediatric Brain

AbstractThe global impact of somatic structural variants (SSVs) on gene expression in pediatric brain tumors has not been thoroughly characterised. Here, using whole-genome and RNA sequencing from 854 tumors of more than 30 different types from the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium, we report the altered expression of hundreds of genes in association with the presence of nearby SSV breakpoints. SSV-mediated expression changes involve gene fusions, altered cis-regulation, or gene disruption. SSVs considerably extend the numbers of patients with tumors somatically altered for critical pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases (KRAS, MET, EGFR, NF1), Rb pathway (CDK4), TERT, MYC family (MYC, MYCN, MYB), and HIPPO (NF2). Compared to initial tumors, progressive or recurrent tumors involve a distinct set of SSV-gene associations. High overall SSV burden associates with TP53 mutations, histone H3.3 gene H3F3C mutations, and the transcription of DNA damage response genes. Compared to adult cancers, pediatric brain tumors would involve a different set of genes with SSV-altered cis-regulation. Our comprehensive and pan-histology genomic analyses reveal SSVs to play a major role in shaping the transcriptome of pediatric brain tumors.

scholarly journals RONC-19. TWO CASES OF RE-IRRADIATION FOR LATE RECURRENT OR RADIATION-INDUCED TUMOR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii459-iii459
Author(s):  
Takashi Mori ◽  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Rikiya Onimaru ◽  
Takayuki Hashimoto ◽  
Hidefumi Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Suprasellar Region ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND As the outcome of pediatric brain tumors improves, late recurrence and radiation-induced tumor cases are more likely to occur, and the number of cases requiring re-irradiation is expected to increase. Here we report two cases performed intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors. CASE 1: 21-year-old male. He was diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at eight years old and underwent a tumor resection. At 10 years old, the local recurrence of suprasellar region was treated with 50.4 Gy/28 fr of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT). After that, other recurrent lesions appeared in the left cerebellopontine angle, and he received surgery three times. The tumor was gross totally resected and re-irradiation with 40 Gy/20 fr of SRT was performed. We have found no recurrence or late effects during the one year follow-up. CASE 2: 15-year-old female. At three years old, she received 18 Gy/10 fr of craniospinal irradiation and 36 Gy/20 fr of boost to the posterior fossa as postoperative irradiation for anaplastic ependymoma and cured. However, a anaplastic meningioma appeared on the left side of the skull base at the age of 15, and 50 Gy/25 fr of postoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy was performed. Two years later, another meningioma developed in the right cerebellar tent, and 54 Gy/27 fr of SRT was performed. Thirty-three months after re-irradiation, MRI showed a slight increase of the lesion, but no late toxicities are observed. CONCLUSION The follow-up periods are short, however intracranial re-irradiation after radiotherapy for pediatric brain tumors were feasible and effective.

scholarly journals Ras, TrkB, and ShcA Protein Expression Patterns in Pediatric Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Monika Prill ◽  
Agnieszka Karkucinska-Wieckowska ◽  
Magdalena Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska ◽  
Giampaolo Morciano ◽  
Agata Charzynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Astrocytic Tumors ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Malignancy Grade ◽  
Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Numerous papers have reported altered expression patterns of Ras and/or ShcA proteins in different types of cancers. Their level can be potentially associated with oncogenic processes. We analyzed samples of pediatric brain tumors reflecting different groups such as choroid plexus tumors, diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, embryonal tumors, ependymal tumors, and other astrocytic tumors as well as tumor malignancy grade, in order to characterize the expression profile of Ras, TrkB, and three isoforms of ShcA, namely, p66Shc, p52Shc, and p46Shc proteins. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the potential correlation between the type of pediatric brain tumors, tumor malignancy grade, and the expression patterns of the investigated proteins.

scholarly journals DIPG-60. PILOT STUDY OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS IN PEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE BRAIN TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii299-iii299
Author(s):  
Wafik Zaky ◽  
Long Dao ◽  
Dristhi Ragoonanan ◽  
Izhar Bath ◽  
Sofia Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Capture Method ◽  
Pediatric Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Despite its increasing use, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have not been studied in pediatric brain tumors. METHODS Cell surface vimentin (CSV) is a marker for CTC detection. We developed an automated CSV-based CTC capture method for pediatric brain tumor using the Abnova Cytoquest platform. PBMCs isolated from blood samples from 52 brain tumor patients were processed to isolate CSV+ CTCs. Captured cells were then stained for CSV and CD45 and scanned to determine the number of CTCs. DIPG samples were additionally examined for H3K27M expression on CSV+ cells. Long term cancer survivors were used as a control cohort. RESULTS 86.4% of all the samples exhibited between 1–13 CSV+ CTCs, with a median of 2 CSV+ CTCs per sample. Using a value of ≥ 1 CTC as a positive result, the sensitivity and specificity of this test was 83.05% and 60.0% respectively. 19 DIPG samples were analyzed and 70% (13 samples) were positive for 1–5 CTCs. Five of these 7 positive CSV+ CTCs DIPG samples were also positive for H3K27M mutations by immunohistochemistry (71%). Mean survival in days for the CTC positive and negative DIPG samples were 114 and 211 days, respectively (p= 0.13). CONCLUSION This is the first study of CTCs in pediatric CNS tumors using an automated approach. Patients with brain tumors can exhibit CSV+ CTCs within peripheral blood. The use of specific molecular markers such as H3K27M can improve the diagnostic capability of liquid biopsies and may enable future disease assessment for personalized therapy.

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