Threatened species Number of species by taxonomic group

The Dzungarian Gobi (DzG), one of 16 phytogeographical regions in the country, is located in the southwestern part of Khovd province in western Mongolia. It comprises some of Mongolia’s largest reserves, namely the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area and the National Park Bulgan gol-Ikh Ongog. We conducted a comprehensive survey of the area’s floristic diversity between 2009 and 2019 by collecting vascular plants from different vegetation types in various seasons. In addition, we critically checked relevant published literature and material from the herbaria ALTB, GLM, GWF, HAL, KHU, LE, MW, NS, OSBU, UBA, and UBU to determine the occurrence of vascular plant species in the DzG region. Based on our collection data, a comprehensive checklist of DzG’s flora was compiled, representing 913 vascular plant taxa (including 34 subspecies and one variety) belonging to 329 genera and 70 families. Twenty-one taxa were newly found in the DzG region. We also investigated the conservation status of all species noted, and 19 endemic plants and 96 threatened species, including six critically endangered, 26 endangered, 57 vulnerable, and seven near threatened plants were recognized in this region. Eight rare species were newly assessed according to regional conservation status based on GeoCat and IUCN. The richest plant families found were Asteraceae (153 species), Fabaceae (77 species), Amaranthaceae (69 species), and Poaceae (68 species). Several uncertain endemic and non-endemic plants remain still discussion, such as Papaver baitagense and Rosa baitagensis; thus, further studies are needed on their taxonomic and conservation status. For each taxon, we provide its distribution in the region, elevation range, voucher number, and additional references. Finally, we analyzed species hotspots of DzG, based on three different plant species richness criteria: i. all recorded species, ii. endemic species, and iii. threatened species using our georeferenced records. The most diverse hotspot area in DzG is the Baitag Bogd Mountain area, which comprises the highest species number of all three richness criteria.

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Temporal patterns in the macrobenthic communities of the Hawkesbury estuary, New South Wales

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9870607 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 607

Author(s):

AR Jones

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Single Species ◽

Species Number ◽

Community Patterns ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Number Of Species ◽

South Wales ◽

Physicochemical Factors ◽

Number Of Individuals

Temporal patterns in number of species, number of individual animals and community composition of the soft-sediment zoobenthos of the Hawkesbury estuary are described and related to physicochemical factors. Replicate grabs were taken at 3-month intervals over 3 years (1977-1979) from sites located in three zones: the lower, middle and upper reaches. The number of species and number of individuals showed significant seasonal and annual differences in all zones. However, the pattern of these differences varied among sites and seasonal differences were not repeatable over years. Similarly, differences in community composition as revealed by classification were not seasonal. In the middle and lower reaches, these differences were apparently caused by the over- riding influence of non-seasonal climatic events, i.e. a major flood in 1978 and a drought throughout 1979. In the first two sampling following the flood, sample values for the numbers of both species and individuals were usually lowest and community composition was distinct from pre-flood and drought times. During the drought, the number of species was usually high and community composition relatively distinct. Whereas the number of species and community composition groupings were both significantly related to river discharge, the number of individuals was significantly correlated with temperature. All community variables were sometimes significantly related to salinity. The identity of numerically dominant species, as determined by Fager rankings, varied among times in both the lower and middle reaches. However, the polychaete Nephtys australiensis and the bivalve mollusc Notospisula trigonella were highest ranked overall in both zones. Community patterns in the low-salinity upper reaches differed from those further downstream by showing little change in numbers of species and community composition following the flood. Only the number of species was significantly correlated with any of the measured physicochemical variables, this being partly due to an influx of species during the drought. Furthermore, the upstream community was always dominated by the polychaete Ceratonereis limnetica and was thus the only community that could be characterised by a single species.

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Effect of Temperature on Butterfly Community (lepidoptera) at Gunung Meja Recreational Forest Area, Manokwari, Papua Barat

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v1i1.430 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rawati Panjaitan

Keyword(s):

Secondary Forest ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Forest Area ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Species Number ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Butterfly Community ◽

The Impact

Gunung Meja is one of the forest areas in Manokwari, West Papua province. It has been designated as a recreational forest since 1980. Gunung Meja covers 460.25 ha and is located at 75–175 m a.s.l. Gunung Meja is directly adjacent to residential areas, therefore the community activities, such as felling trees and gardening, was conducted in the area frequently. These can interfered the existence of flora and fauna in the area, included butterflies. To reveal the impact of intrusive human activities on the forest area, it was necessary to obtain basic information about what flora and fauna are present there. This study was aim to record the butterfly community in the area. Observations of butterflies were done by scan sampling on primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements. Sampling and measurement of environmental parameters were performed in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks. This study recorded 113 species and 4.049 individuals of butterflies. There were 75 species in primary forest, 77 species in secondary forest, and 63 species in gardens and settlements. The number of species found was still increasing until the last day of the observation. Shannon-Wiener index (H’) calculation showed that diversity in primary and secondary forests were 3.48 and 3.50, respectively, thus classified as high (H’ > 3). Sorensen index calculation (CN) showed high value reaching 0.5 quantitatively. The numbers of butterflies both species number and individual number, observed in the morning were higher than those in the afternoon. There was significant effect (P < 0.05) of temperature on the number of individual butterflies. The result of PCA analysis showed that the environmental parameters in primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements influenced the number of species and number of individuals.

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Bird conservation on Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270902002083 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 123-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luciano N. Naka ◽

Marcos Rodrigues ◽

Andrei L. Roos ◽

Marcos A. G. Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Threatened Species ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Conservation ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Habitat Specificity ◽

Number Of Species ◽

The Government

The island of Santa Catarina lies in the Atlantic Forest Domain of southern Brazil, one of the most threatened ecosys tems on the planet. It holds a wide variety of habitats, ranging from sand dune ‘restingas’ to mature rain forest. We report, for the first time, a survey of the bird species and their conservation status for the different habitats present on the island. We recorded 269 bird species of 54 families (25 species were seabirds). More than 50% (140) of the total number of species were residents or probable residents, 20% (58) were visitors and a relatively high number of species (61, 23%) had indeterminate residential status. Nearly 15% (35 species) of the 244 landbird species observed were endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Habitat specificity was recorded for 40% (97 species). We recorded one Endangered (Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius), one Vulnerable (White-necked Hawk Leucopternis lacernulata), and three Near-threatened species (Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus, Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera, Black-backed Tanager Tangara peruviana). We also recorded six locally threatened species that we predict will become extinct in the near future. The future for the birds of the island is uncertain, especially for habitat specialists, due to habitat loss for resort developments, and a lack of concern by the government and local people.

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Komunitas Gastropoda Mangrove di Sungai Perpat dan Bunting, Kecamatan Belinyu, Kabupaten Bangka

Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia ◽

10.14203/oldi.2021.v6i2.361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Eka Yuliawati ◽

Budi Afriyansyah ◽

Nova Mujiono

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Environmental Change ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Mangrove Ecosystem ◽

Species Number ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Mangrove Ecosystems ◽

Number Of Individuals

Mangrove gastropod community in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, Belinyu District, Bangka Regency. Perpat and Bunting in Bangka Regency have an adequate and natural mangrove ecosystems. However, studies on the structure of the gastropod community in this ecosystem is lacking. This study aimed to discover the structure of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem. This study was carried out from October to November 2019 in riverine mangrove area located in Perpat and Bunting Rivers, District Belinyu, Bangka Regency. Samples were taken from 10 x 10 m plot from six observed stations. A total of 578 individuals of gastropoda were collected, comprised of seven families and 14 species. Number of species ranged from 4 to 9, while number of individuals ranged from 35 to 214. Cerithidea quoyii was a dominant species with 270 individuals (47%) and found in all stations. Gastropods community was in labile condition and prone to environmental change. Species composition of gastropods were similar in both rivers with nine identical species. However, epifaunal species were found separately from arboreal species

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Sampling principles for biodiversity study

10.1101/000364 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Xubin Pan

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Expectation ◽

Specific Area ◽

Species Number ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Individual Number ◽

Species Area ◽

Biodiversity Study ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Total Species

Sampling is a fundamental tool in ecology and critical for biodiversity measurement. However, basic principles of biodiversity sampling have been overlooked for many years. In this paper, I proposed and explored five principles of sampling for a specific area and biodiversity study. The first principle of sampling, species increasing with area, is that the number of species increases with the area. The second principle of sampling, individuals increasing with area, is that the number of individuals increases with the area. The third principle of sampling, sum of species number, is that the sum of species number in one area and species number in another area is no less than the total species number in the two areas. The fourth principle of sampling, individual complement, is that the sum of the mathematical expectation of individual number of one or several species in the area a and that of the same one or several species in the area A-a is the total individual number N of the same one or several species in the total area A. The fifth principle of sampling, species-area theory, is that the sum of the mathematical expectation of number of species in the area a and that of number of species lost if area A-a is cleared is the total species number M in the total area A.

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Thành phần loài và phân bố của mối từ Quảng Bình đến Huế

VNU Journal of Science Natural Sciences and Technology ◽

10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4555 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1S) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Minh Duc ◽

Bui Thi Lo ◽

Do Thi Ngoc Anh ◽

Nguyen Thi My ◽

Nguyen Van Quang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Forest ◽

Species Number ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Forest Habitat ◽

Termite Species ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Study Results ◽

Total Species ◽

Comprehensive Study

The result on termite survey from Quang Binh to Thua Thien Hue provinces identified 84 species belonging to 22 genera, 8 subfamilies and 3 families. In comparison with the previous study results, our study newly recorded 27 species and 3 genera in Quang Binh province, two genera in Quang Tri province and six species in Thua Thien Hue province. When we analysed the contribution of termites in different habitats and altitudinal bands, the results showed that the secondary forest habitat has the highest number of species (62 species, accounting for 73.81% of total species number of the studied area), followed by primary forest habitat (41 species, accounting for 48,81%), plantation habitat (34 species, accounting for 40.48%) and resident area with the lowest number of species (23 species, accounting for 27.38%); the number of termite species in the altitudinal band 300-700m is the highest (52 species, accounting for 61.90% of total species number of the studied area), by that in the altitudinal band <300m (41 species, 48.81%), in the altitudinal band 701-1000m (38 species, accounting for 45.23%) and the least is in the altitudinal band > 1000m (21 species, accounting for 25.00%). This is the firstly comprehensive study on composition and distribution of termites in three provinces of Central Vietnam.

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Vegetation changes in beech and spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in 1951–2001

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4718-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 445-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Vacek ◽

K. Matějka

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Number ◽

Vegetation Changes ◽

Developmental Trend ◽

Herb Layer ◽

Point Scale ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Beech Stand ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Very High

Plant cenological surveys on the basis of Braun-Blanquet’s seven-point scale were made on 34 research plots in the course of studies of vegetation changes in beech and spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. over period of 1951–2001. The acquired data were processed not only by traditional plant coenological methods but also by numerical analyses (agglomerative and divisive classification, ordination, species diversity). The results document marked changes that occurred in species-rich spruce communities of the association Athyrio alpestre-Piceetum (Aa-P) as well as in species-poorer communities of the associations Vaccinio myrtilli-Piceetum (Vm-P), Calamagrostio villosae-Piceetum (Cv-P) and Deschampsio flexuosae-Piceetum (Df-P). The developmental trend of these communities in 1971–1991 converged on types very poor in species (Df-P association). On the contrary, the period 1991–2001 was characterised by a marked increase in the number of species, especially in the herb layer. An increase in coverage and number of tree species seedlings was very high after the productive seed years 1992 and 1995. The acceleration of changes in beech stands in 1971–1991 led to a species number diminution in herb-rich types of the association Dentario enneaphylli-Fagetum (De-F), and/or to their transition to species-poorer acidophilous types Calamagrostio villosae-Fagetum (Cv-F). Similarly like in spruce stands the number of species in beech stand relevés increased in 1991–2001. But a majority of typical species of herb-rich beech stands returned to the communities under study very slowly.

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La familia Bromeliaceae en México

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.1918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 533 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adolfo Espejo-Serna ◽

Ana Rosa López-Ferrari

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Study ◽

Baja California ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Species Number ◽

Baja California Sur ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Botanical Collection

Background: Bromeliaceae family in Mexico has been the object of interest by botanists since 1789; their systematic study was approached from the 1970s onwards, and now there are significant advances in its taxonomic-floristic knowledge.Question: How many and which species of Bromeliaceae occur in Mexico? How they are distributed, and how many are endemic?Study site: México, 1887-2017.Methods: Based on the study of the Mexican Bromeliaceae, including botanical collection, literature review, and revision, analysis and determination of specimens in 50 herbaria, data about species richness, Mexican endemics, and distribution of their taxa in the country, were obtained.Results: In Mexico are represented four of the eight subfamilies of Bromeliaceae, 19 genera, 422 species, and 8 infraespecific taxa. The genera with the highest number of species in the country are Tillandsia (230/54.5 %), Hechtia (71/16.8 %) and Pitcairnia (50/11.8 %). 318 of the Bromeliaceae species are endemics to Mexico, as well as Ursulaea and Viridantha genera; 172 species are microendemic. The entity with the highest number of taxa is Oaxaca, followed by Chiapas, Veracruz and Guerrero. Tlaxcala and Baja California Sur have the lowest species number. Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Ciudad de México, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tabasco y Tlaxcala have not strict endemic taxa.Conclusion: Although progress in the knowledge of Mexican Bromeliaceae has been constant, exploration and recollection work is still required before concluding the Mexican bromeliad flora. It is also necessary to promote studies considering aspects of conservation and sustainable use.

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Species number, historical elements and protection of threatened species in the flora of Helsinki, Finland

Landscape and Urban Planning ◽

10.1016/s0169-2046(03)00149-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 357-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Inkeri Vähä-Piikkiö ◽

Arto Kurtto ◽

Ville Hahkala

Keyword(s):

Threatened Species ◽

Species Number

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